THE UE5tHER T. WERTZ LIBRARY

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDE^

r/M AND NOa
HOLMGREN

'X^^^rtti^

V

J.:'-

THE LuESTHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

FLORA

SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

CONTAINING ABRIDGED DESCRIPTIONS OK THE

FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

TENNESSEE, NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA,
ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, AND FLORIDA :

ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM.

A. W. CHAPMAN, M.D

THE FERNS BY D.\NtEL C. EATON.

NEW YORK:
IVISON, PHINNEY, & CO.,

48 & 50 WALKER STREET.
1 ft A /;

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by

A. W. CHAPMAN,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

I'tiiTomlty PiTM, ri\mhrM(f<> i
Elcctrofyppd und J'riiitiil by Welch, lligclow, A Co.

TO THE

REV. MOSES A. CURTIS, D. D.,

OF NORTH CAROLINA, ,
THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED,
BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND,

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

The object of this work is to present to students and to prac-
tical botanists a systematic arrangement of the Pha^nogamous and
higher Cryptogamous Plants of the Southern portion of the United
States.

My original design did not contemplate so wide a field ; but was
Ihnited to an enumeration of the plants of the Carolinas, Georgia,
and Florida, — to which, chiefly, my attention has been directed
during the last thirty years. But, influenced by the solicitations
of friends, and by the apparent need of a more general work, I
have extended my plan, so as to embrace all the States south of
Virginia and Kentucky, and east of the Mississippi River.

The plan of the work is nearly the same as that adopted by
Professor Gray, in his excellent Manual of the Botany of the
Northern United States.

For the benefit of those students who may not have a more per-
fect treatise at hand, I have prefixed to the Flora a very concise
Sketch of the Elements of Botany, and also a Glossary of Botan-
ical Terms. But I would earnestly recommend, to those who may
use this work, the admirable Botanical Series* of the author

*- I. How Plants Grow: Botany for Young People. Illustrated by 500 wood
engravings. 75 cents.

II. Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology. 360 illustrations drawn from
nature. $1.00.

in. Structural and Systematic Botany. 1,300 cuts. S.2.00.

These works are published by Ivison, Phinney, & Co., of New York.-

Vi PREFACE.

above named; especially, his First Zessons -in Botany, in which
the general principles of Botany and Vegetable Physiology are
fully explained.

.1 acknowledge with gratitude the kindness of those friends, and
correspondents who have, in various ways, aided me in my labors.

To the Rev. Moses A. Curtis, of North Carolina, to whom I
am pemiittcd to dedicate this volume, especial acknowledgments
are due, for valuable information derived from a long and instruc-
tive correspondence, for the generous contribution of new and rare
specimens, and for important assistance rendered me in every part
of ray work.

To Professor Asa Gray, of HarvaVd University, I am under
peculiar obligations ; not only for the privilege of consulting his
valuable library, and his extensive herbarium, which contained
many plants previously unknown to me, but also for the benefit of
his advice in all mattei'S of doubt and difficulty, and for innumer-
able acts of kindness, bestowed in every way.

To ]Mu. Daniel C. Eaton, of New Haven, who is making the
Ferns a subject of special study, I am greatly indebted for this
first and very careful elaboration of the Southern plants of that
interesting family.

I embrace the opportunity to say to those who have aided me
hitherto, that, if they will continue to favor me with their discov-
eries, I indulge the hope of preparing a future edition of this work,
which shall be more worthy of their approbation.

Al-ALACHKOLA, I'UJUIUA, Murcll 2G, ItJUO.

*

CONTENTS.

PAOB

Introduction ix

Sketch of the Elements of Botany . . . . ix

Glossary of Botanical Terms xviii

Abbreviations of the Names of Authors . . . xxv

Signs used in this Work xxvi

Directions to the Student xxvii

Artificial Analysis of the Natural Orders . . xxix

FLORA. — Ph.enogamous or Flowering Plants ... 1
Cryptogamous or Flowerless Plants . . 585

Index Co;{

INTRODUCTION.

L SKETCH OF THE ELEMENTS OF BOTANY.

!• Vegetable Tissue.

1. Plants are primai'ily composed of minute membranous vesicles or cells,
which are endowed with the power of reproduction, and through which, al-
though closed and destitute of visible pores or openings, the juices of the plant
are readily transmitted.

2. Variously modified, these cells form the Elementary Tissues ; viz. Cellular
Tissue or Parenchyma, Woody Tissue or Woody Fibre, and Vascular Tissue or
Vessels and Ducts.

3. Cellular Tissue, which exists in all plants, and of which those of the lower
orders are wholly composed, consists of cells aggregated together, and cohering
by their contiguous surfaces.

4. Woody Tissue is composed of slender and elongated cells, with firm and
thickish walls, collected in threads or bundles.

5. Vascular Tissue is made up of larger cells, either in the form of continuous
tubes, or forming such by the union of their extremities. In some of these, the
walls are marked with dots, lines, or bands ; while in others they are lined with
spirally coiled fibres which are capable of being unrolled. The latter are called
Spiral Vessels, and exist only in plants which bear proper flowers.

6. Of these tissues are formed the Organs of plants ; viz- Organs of Vegetation,
consisting of the Root, Stem, and Leaves, and Organs of Reproduction, consisting
of the Flower and Fruit.

3. The Root.

7. The Root, or Descending Axis, is that part of the plant which grows down-
ward, commonly penetrating the soil, from the moisture of which it imbibes
nourishment. It branches indefinitely and without order, but bears no other
appendages. Its ultimate branches are called Rootlets.

8. Roots which descend immediately from the embryo are termed Primary
Roots. They are called Tap-Roots, when they consist of one thick and fleshy
piece ; fascicled or clustered, when of several fleshy branches springing from a
common centre; tuberous when the branches become greatly enlarged and filled
with starchy matter ; and fbrous, when all the parts are slender and thread-like.

X INTRODUCTION.

9. Riit roots under fiivortiblc cinumstanccs arc developed from other parts of
tlic plant. These are called Stcoiidary Roots.

10. Anial Roots are those which spring from the stem or branches above
ground. In some, as in many Endogenous Plants, they proceed from the lower
joints of the stem ; in others, as the Mangroves and Fig-trees of Soutii Florida,
they descend from the branches, and at length, penetrating the soil, form new
stems in all respects similar to that of the parent tree. The tendril-like roots of
some climbing stems arc also of this class.

11. Epiphiftc's or Air-Plants, of which the Tillandsia and Epidcndnim are ex-
amples, arc those which arc borne on the trunks or branches of trees, but draw
their nourishment from the air.

12. Parasites, like Air-Plants, grow on other plants ; but tlicir roots, pene-
trating the substance of the supporting plant, feed upon its juices. Some, sis
the Mistletoe and Dodder, fix themselves upon the trunk or branches ; others,
like the Bccch-drop, upon the root.

3. The Stem.

1.3. The Stem, or Ascending Axis, is that part of the plant which grows up-
ward into the air and light, bearing leaves and flowers. It exists, under various
modifications, in all flowering plants ; but in those which arc said to be stemlcss
or acaulescent, it is very short, or concealed in the ground.

14. It consists of a succession of leaf-bearing points, or Nodes, separated by
naked joints, or Internodes. The growing points, which are protected by reduced
leaves in the form of scales, are called Buds. These are termiiml, when they ter-
minate the axis ; axillarij, when they spring from the axil of the leaves ; that is,
from the point where the upper surface of the leaf joins the stem ; and adventi-
tious, when they are developed from any other part.

15. Simple stems grow by the development of the terminal bud alone ; branch-
ing stems expand indefinitely from the axillary buds also. Tlic ultimate divis-
ions of the branches are called branchkts.

16. The jointed stem of Grasses and similar plants is a Culm.

17. Tiic thick and simple stem of the Palmetto is a Caudex.

18. A Rliizoma, or Rootstock, is a perennial stem, commonly creeping on the
ground, or beneath its surface, developing annually a bud at the apex, while
the older portion decays.

19. A Tuhrr is a subtcrranoan branch, excessively thickened by the deposition
of starchy matter, and furnished with minute scales, having concealed ijuds (eyes)
in their axils.

20. A Corm is a solid globular subterranean .stem, tilled with starchy matter,
with a bud at the apex and roots below.

21. A nnlb is n short subterranean stem, made up of the thickened bases of
leaves, in the form of persistent scales. It is tunicntrd or ro(it<d, when the scales
arc large and wnippcd one within the other; and sr«/i/, when these are small
and imitricntcfl. Small aerial bulbs, such as arc borne in the axil of the leaves
of the Ti^rcr-Lily, and among the flowers of the Onion, are called IhilUrln.

22. A Stolon is a brancii wiiicli bends tu the earth, strikes root, and forms a
Dcw plant.

ELEMENTS OP BOTANY. Xl

23. A Runner is a thread-like prostrate branch, producing roots and a tuft of
leaves at its extremity.

24. Spines, or Thorns, arc imperfectly developed, leafless branches, with hard
tips.

25. Tendrils aro the thread-like spirally coiled branches of weak and slender
plants, by means of which they attach themselves to other and stronger objects
for support. Leaf-stalks and parts of the inflorescence are occasionally convert-
ed into tendrils.

26. Plants which die down to the ground at the close of the season, or after
maturing seed, are called Herbs, or Herbaceous Plants. Those with woody stems,
lasting from year to j'car, when of humble size, are called Shrubs, and when
reaching an elevation of twenty feet or more, Trees.

4r. Interual Structure of Steins.

27. The stems of Phisnogamous Plants are composed of cellular tissue, woody
•tissue, and vessels ; and upon the arrangement of the latter are founded the two
divisions of Exogenous and Endogenous Plants.

28. Exogenous stems consist of a central column, called the Pith; an external
covering, called the Bark; and a middle portion, called the Wood.

29. Their Pith is a mass of cellular tissue, enclosed in a thin sheath of spiral
vessels, termed the Medullary Sheath.

30. Their Wood is composed of one or more layers of woody and vascular
tissue, traversed by thin plates of cellular tissue, called the medullar!/ i-atjs, and
annually increased, in all perennial stems, by the addition of a new layer to the
outside of that of the previous year. The new wood is called the Alburnum, or
Sap-wood, and the older and harder portion, the Duramen, or Heart-wood.

31. The Bark, like the wood, is made up of layers. The inner bark, or Liber,
is composed chiefly of woody fibre. Between it and the wood, in the growing
season, is secreted a thin mucilage, called the Cambium, in which the new layers
of wood and bark are developed. Surrounding the inner bark is the Green bark,
consisting of cellular tissue filled with Chlorophyll, or the green matter of veg-
etables. Covering the whole is a thin membrane of cellular tissue, called the
Epidermis, or Cuticle.

32. Endogenous stepis exhibit no distinction of pith, wood, and bark ; bnt
are composed of threads or bundles of woody tissue, irregularly embedded in
cellular tissue. They increase in diameter by the formation of new bundles,
which are chiefly directed to the centre of the stem.

5. The Lieaves.

33. Leaves are expanded appendages of the stem, developed frbm axillaiy
and terminal buds. They consist of loose cellular tissue, supported by a net-
work of woody and vascular tissue, called veins or ribs, and protected by the
epidermis. In them the fluids received from the root, and what they imbibe
from the air, through minute openings in the epidermis, called stomata, arc con-
verted into the proper food of the plant.

34. In the bud, they are folded, plaited, or coiled in various ways. This is
termed their Vernation.

XU INTUODrCTION.

35. A complete loaf comprises the Blade, the Slalk, and a pair of Stipules ;
but tlicse three parts arc not always present in one leaf.

36. The Blade, Limb, or Lamina, is the expanded part, and presents a great
variety of forms. It is simple, when it consists of a single piece, however cut or
divided ; and compound, when of two or more distinct pieces (leajids), which
separate by a joint.

37. The Stalk, or Petiole, connects the blade with the stem. When it is
wanting, the leaf is said to be sessile. The stalk of a leaflet is called a Petiolule.

38. Tiie Stipules are appendages of various fonns, placed one on each side at
the base of the petiole. They are separate, or else united with the petiole, or
with each other, when they occasionally form a sheath (Ochrea) around the
stem above. The stii)ules of a leaflet are called Stipels.

39. The manner in which the veins arc distributed through the leaf is called
I'ieiuttion.

40. There are two modes of venation ; viz. parallel-veined, or nerved, when
several simple veins, or ribs, run parallel from the base of the blade to its apex;'
and reticulated, or netted-veined, when the veins divide into numerous primary and
secondary branches (veinltts), which again unite to form a kind of network.

41. The latter mode embraces both the pinnately veined, or feather-veined leaf,
where the petiole is continued through the middle of the blade, giving oft" at in-
tervals lateral veins ; and the jxilmatehj veined or ribbed leaf, when it divides at
tiie ajx'x into three or more strong branches.

42. Tlic manner in which leaves are divided corresponds with that of their
venation.

43. A simple pinnately veined leaf becomes pinnatijid, when the incisions
{sinuses) extend about half-way to the midrib, or continuation of the petiole;
and pinnateli/ divided, when they extend down to the midrib. A compound pin-
nately veined leaf is, of course, pinnate, with the separate leaflets arranged on
each side of the common petiole. When this is terminated by a leaflet, the leaf
is said to be odd-jiinnate, or unequally pinnate, an<l when it is wanting, abruptly
pinnate.

44. So, also, the pahnately veined leaf becomes jxilmately cleft or divided,
when the incisions are directed ti/ward the base of tlie blade. When the divis-
ions consist of separate leaflets, it becomes pdlmalily compound.

45. Floral leaves, or those from the axils of which the flowers are developed,
are called Bracts; and those wliich are borne on the flower-stalk, Braclhls.

6. Tlic Flower.

40. A Flower consists of those parts, or organs, wliidi arc concerned in the
proiluction of seed. Like the leaf, of which its \n\yU are a niodilication, it is
developed from an axillary or terminal bud.

47. The manner in which tlio flowers are arranged on flic stem or brnmhes is
termed the Jnflorcsrcnre.

4R. There are two modes- of inflorescence ; vi/,. the iml finite, or cnitil petal,
where the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the lowest or outermr)st ex|)and-
ing first, while the axis elon;:ates indefinitely from the terminal bud; and the
definite, or rrntrifuijnl, where the flowers arisi- from the fcrminiil Imd, first, of the
main nxiw, nnil Buceessivcly fnmi that of the branches.

ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. xiii

49. When the flowers arise from the axil of the ordinaiy leaves of tlie stem,
they arc said to be axillary ; but ofteiicr, they are disposed in a more or less
obvious cluster, each arising from the axil of a greatly reduced leaf, or Bract.

50. The stalk of a solitary flower, or of a cluster of flowers, is termed the
Peduncle ; or, when it proceeds from tlie root, a Scape ; and that of each indi-
vidual of a cluster is called a Pedicel. The main axis of a cluster, or that
portion of the common peduncle which bears the flowers, is called tlie liachis.

51. The indefinite inflorescence includes the Sijike, Ament, Spadix, Raceme,
Corymb, Umbel, Head, and Panicle ; the definite, the Cyme and its modifications.

52. The Spike consists of a more or less elongated rachis, with the flowers
sessile, or nearly so, in the axils of the bracts.

53. The Ament, or Catkin, is the scaly deciduous spike of the Pine and
WUlow.

54. The Spadix is a spike with the flowers borne on a thick and fleshy rachis.
It is naked, as in the Golden-club, or enclosed in a hood, called the Spathe, as in
the Indian Turnip.

55. The Raceme presents the elongated rachis of the spike, but the flowers
are raised on pedicels.

56. The Corymb is a short raceme, with the lower pedicels elongated, so as to
bring their flowers to the same level as the upper ones.

57. The Umbel is a modification of the raceme, but with the rachis so much
contracted, that the pedicels (rays) apparently spring from a common centre.
When the umbel is compound, the partial umbels are termed Umbellets.

58. A Head is an umbel with sessile flowers. The crowded bracts of this and
the preceding are collectively termed the Involucre, and those of the umbellets,
the Involucel.

59. When the pedicels of a raceme or corymb are transformed into branches,
either simple or successively divided, the inflorescence becomes a Panicle.

60. When the further growth of the axis is arrested by a single terminal
flower, and from the axils below branches are developed, each terminated by a
flower, and bearing branches in the same manner, the inflorescence is said to be
cymose or centrifugal. But it presents several peculiar forms, occasioned either
by the imperfect development, or by the entire suppression of some of its parts.
Some, as the true Cyme, are short and expanded ; others are elongated, like the
spike or raceme. In all, the flowers expand successively from the summit,
downward, or from the centre, outward.

61. The Flower consists, commonly, of one or more whorls of leaves, called
the Floral Envelopes, — of which the outer one is termed the Calyx, and the inner
one the Corolla, — an inner whorl of thread-like organs, called the Stamens, and
one or more central organs, called the Pistils. These are inserted on the apex
of the axis, which here takes the name of Torus, or Receptacle.

62. The Floral Envelopes are' sometimes wanting ; but the stamens and pis-
tils, being the fertilizing organs, are, in all perfect flowers, always present.

63. The Calyx is composed of leaves (Sepals), usually of a greenish color,
which are distinct, or united by their margins. When the floral envelopes con-
sist of a single whorl onlv, it is always a calyx.

' b

XIV INTRODUCTION.

64. The Corolla is usually of a thinner texture than the calyx, and variously
colored. Its leaves (Pttals), when of the same number as the sc|)als, always
alternate with tliem. They rn-c also often united by their contiguous mai-gins, to
fcrnn a vionopttaJous corolla.

65. When the calyx and corolla are so nearly alike as not to be readily dis-
tinguished, they are collectively termed the Periunth.

66. A flower is complete when all its parts are present ; incomplete, when the
floral envelopes, or a part of them, are wanting ; perfect, when the stamens and
pistils arc borne in the same flower ; imperfect, or diclinous, when they are borne
in separate flowers ; regular, when the sepals or jx:tals are of unifaim shape and
size; and irregular, when they are unlike in shape or size.

67. Imperfect flowers are further distinguished into monacious, wlion those fur-
nished with stamens (slaminate or sterile flowers) and those furnished with pistils
{pistillate or fertile flowers) are borne on the same plant ; diacious, when they are
borne on separate plants ; and jiolygamous, when both perfect and imperfect flow-
ers are borne on the same or different individuals.

68. The manner in which the parts of the floral envelopes are arranged with
respect to each other in the bud is termed their yEstivatiun. Tliey are vcdvcUe,
when their contiguous margins meet, without overlapping ; induplicate, when
these project inwardly ; reduplicate, when they project outwardly ; imbricated,
when the margins of one overlap the adjacent margins of the two next within ;
convolute, or twisted, when one edge of each piece covers the margin of the one
next before it, and tiie other edge is covered by the margin of the one next after
it; &nd plaited, when the parts are folded lengtiiwise.

7. The Stamcus.

69. A Stamen consists of a sac, called the Anther, and, usually, a stalk, called
the Filament, by which it is supported.

70. They are Itypogipioiis, when they are inserted on the receptacle ; perigynous,
when on the calyx ; epigi/nous, when on the ovary ; epipetalous, when on the co-
rolk; and gynandrous, when they are united with the style. They arc, also,
often combined with each other, cither into one set (monadelphous), or into two,
three, or more sets {diadelphous, triadelphous, &c.).

71. The Anther is composed, commonly, of two united cells, which open in
various ways, and discharge a yellow, fertilizing powder, culled the Pollen. The
part which connects the cells is the Connective.

72. It is erect, or innate, when fixed by its base to the apex of the filament ;
adnale, when fixed to the filament liy its whole length; versatile, when fixed by
the middle to the apex of the filaments on wiiich it turns as on a pivot; introrsc,
when it faces inwardly toward the j)istils ; and extrorsc, when it faces outwardly
toward the petals. Occasionally, they arc united into a tube {syngemsioiis).

73. lietwecn tiie stamens and the pistils is often a fleshy expansion, culled the

DUk.

6. The PUtilii.

74. The I'istil.M occujiy the centre of the flower. They are iiiserle<l, singly or
in ft whorl, on the rccci)taclc ; or, when this is elongated or enlarged, they cover
its fnirfuco.

ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. XV

75. A Pistil consists of three parts, — the Ovary, the Style, and the Stigma.

76. Tiic Ovary is tiic lower and hollow portion, containing the Ovules, or ru-
diments of seeds.

77. The Style is an extension of the ovary, commonly of its apex, which sup-
ports the stigma.

78. The Stigma is commonly the apex of the style, or, when this is wanting,
of the ovary, denuded of the epidermis.

79. When the pistil is composed of a single piece, or carpel, it is simple; hut,
oftener, it is compound, consisting of two or more carpels, united by their margins,
or by their sides, which then form partitions or dissepi/nents, that divide the pistil
into as many cells as there arc carpels.

80. The line next the axis, or which corresponds to the united margins of a
folded leaf, is called the Ventral Suture; and tliat which corresponds to tlie mid-
rib, the Dorsal Suture.

81. Tlie Ventral Sutui'e bears the ovules; and the line of their attachment is
called the Placenta. This is central or axile, when it occupies the centre of the
pistil, and parietal, when it is borne on its walls.

82. The Ovule is connected with the placenta by a cord, called the Funiculus.
It consists of a central body, called the Nucleus, enclosed in two sacs, each with
an opening at the apex, called the Foramen. The outer sac is termed the Primine,
and the inner one the Secandine. The point where these parts unite is called the
Chalaza.

83. The Ovule is orthotropous when the chalaza is next the placenta, and the
apex at the opposite extremity ; campylotropous, when it curves on itself, so as to
bring the apex near the chalaza ; anatropous, when it is inverted on its cord, to
which it adheres ; the true apex pointing to the placenta, while the chalaza, or
true base, points in an opposite direction ; and amphitropoux, when it is half in-
verted on its cord, its axis running parallel with the placenta. The adhering
portion of the cord in the last two cases is termed the Raphe.

9. The Fruit.

84. The Fruit is the ovary, with its contents, brought to maturity. But dur-
ing this process it sometimes undergoes important changes, either by the obliter-
ation or abortion of some of its cells, partitions, or ovules, or by the formation of
false partitions, or by various changes effected in its walls, or in the parts which
surround them.

8.5. In some, the walls, or Pericarp, remain closed; in others, they open, or
are dehiscent in various ways, oftener splitting regularly into separate pieces,
called Valves.

86. Many terms are employed to designate the different kinds of fruit, but only
the following are in general use.

87. A Follicle is a simple fruit, opening along the ventral suture only; as the
fruit of the Milkweed.

88. A Legume is a simplo fruit opening at both sutures ; as in the Pulse Fam-
ily. "When it is divided across into closed joints, it is a Loment.

89. A Capsule is a dry compound fruit, opening in various wa3'S. When it
opens at the dorsal sutures, or into the cells, the dehiscence is said to be loculicidal;

XVi INTRODUCTION.

and septicidal, when it opens at the ventral suture, or throiigli the partitions.
When it opens transversely, the upper portion falling off entire, like a lid, the
dehiscence is circumscissile.

90. A Silique is a slender two-valvcd capsule, with two parietal placentae con-
nected by a persistent false partition. A short and broad silique is a Silick.
These are peculiar to the Mustard Family.

91. A Pepo is the fleshy indehiscent fruit of the Gourd Family, with tiic seeds
often embedded in the pulpy placenta;.

92. A Pome is the indehisceut fruit of the Apple or Quince tribe, where the
cells are enclosed in the enlarged and tlcshy tube of the calyx.

93. A Berri/ is an indehiscent fruit, with the seeds embedded in soft pulp.

94. A Drupe consists of one or more hard or bony cells, called the Pula-
men, covered with a fleshy or pulpy coat, called the Sarcocarp; as the Peach,
Holly, &c.

95. An Achenium is a small, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit, the walls of
which do not adhere to the enclosed seed. When these arc closely united, it
becomes a Caryopsis; or when the walls are thin and bladder-like, and open
irregularly, a Utricle.

96. A Nut is a dry, indehiscent fruit, with hard or bony walls ; as the Acorn
and Hickorj-nut.

97. A Sitmara is a dry, indehiscent fruit, with its walls expanded into a wing ;
as that of the Maple and Elm.

98. The collective fruit of the Pine is called a Cone or Strobile.

10. The Seed.

99. The Seed is the matured ovule, and contains the Embryo, or the rudiment
of a future plant. The outer coat, or Integument, is called the Testa. It varies
greatly in texture, and is occasionally furnished with hairs, which either cover the
entire seed, or form a tuft (Coma) at one or both extremities.

100. The terms employed in describing the ovule are chiefly applicable to the
seed. The foramen of tiie ovule, wliich is closed in the seed, becomes the Mi-
cropyle, and is always opiKJsitc the radicle of the embryo. The scar left on the
seed by the separation of the cord is the I /Hum. It is sometimes enveloped in
a false covering, originating, during its growth, from the cord or from tlie pla-
centa. This is called the Aril.

101. Tiie Testa includes either the cmbrj-o alone, or an additional nutritive
substance, called the Albumen.

102. The Embnjo consists of the Rnrlirlr, the Plumule, and the Cotyledons.
10.3. The Kadicle is the first joint of the stem. In germination, it elongates

at one end to form the root, and at the otiier, from a minute bud {Plumule), to
form the stem. It is inferior when it jwints to the base of the pericarp, and su-
perior when it points to its summit.

104. The Cotyledons are tho seed-leaves. The embryo of the Exogenous
Plants hcan two of these, placed opposite (rarely three or more in a whori),
while that of Endogenotis IManU bears only one. Ilenco the former arc called
dicoiiilfiioiioug, and the latter tnonomtyledonous.

10.5. When the embryo is exposed to the combined influence of air, hent, and
moisture, it develojjs into a growing plant. This is termed Germination.

ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. XVM

106. The preceding considerations refer solely to Phoenogamous Plants, or
those wiiich bear flowers, consisting of stamens and pistils, and produce seeds,
which contain an embryo, or a rudiment of a future plant.

* 107. But there arc plants of a lower grade, which do not bear flowers furnished
with ordinary stamens and ])istils, nor seeds containing an embryo, bu» in place
of seeds they produce minute powdery bodies, called Spores. These arc termed

H. Cryptogamous or Plo-\verless Plants.

108. The stems of the higher orders of Cryptogamous Plants — and these onlj
are embraced in this work — exhibit nearly the same anatomical structure as
those of Phajnogamous Plants. But they grow only from the apex, without any
perceptible increase of diameter, and therefore arc termed Acrogens or Point-
growers.

109. The different orders presenting no common t}-pe, the habit, the mode of
inflorescence, and tlic process of fertilization, so far as it is known, being different
in all of tliem, the cliaracteristics of each are more conveniently explained in the
body of the work, and need not be enumerated here.

1!3. Classification.

110. Classification consists in the aiTanging of plants possessing like structure,
habits, &e., into groups, designating them by proper names, and defining them
by appropriate characters.

111. An assemblage of individuals which are so essentially alike as to indicate
their descent from a common parent, and which preserve their characteristics
when propagated from seed, is termed a Species. But circumstances connected
with tlie growth of an individual may produce some deviation from its ordinary
state, and it then becomes a Variety.

112. When the pistil of one species is fertilized by the pollen of another allied
species, tlie result is a Hghrid.

113. An assemblage of species agreeing with one another in structure and ap-
pearance constitutes a Genus. In the same manner, although with fewer points
of agreement, genera are collected into Orders, or Families, and these, in turn, into
Classes.

114. But each of these may include members that agree in some important
points, which are not common to the others. Of such are formed the intermedi-
ate divisions of Subgenera, Suborders, and Subclasses.

115. There are two modes or .systems of classification; the Artificial System
of Linnajus, and the Natural System of Jussieu.

116. In the Artificial System, the Classes and Orders are founded on the num-
ber, position, and connection of the stamens and pistils, regardless of any other
relationship In the Natural System, every part of the plant is taken into consid-
eration ; and the Orders embrace those genera which agree with each other in the
greatest number of important particulars. The latter system is now in almost
universal use, and is the one adopted in this work.

n. GLOSSAEY OF BOTANICAL TEIDIS.

*,• The numbers annexed to the names, or their definition, refer to the pampmphs of the
preceding Sketch ; but those preceded by " Flora, p." refer to the pages of the Flora.

Abortive : not fullv developed.

Abruptly pinnate, 43.

Accumbeut : Flora, p. 24.

Acheiiium, 95.

Achlamydeous : without floral envelopes.

Acrogens: Flora, p. (>^ij.

Acuminate : tapering into a slender point.

Acute: pointed.

Adliereut : growing fast to another
body.

Adnate: same as Adherent

Adnate Anthers, 72.

Aerial Roots, 10.

^Estivation, 68.

Air-Plant.s, 11.

Aggregate: crowded together.

Albumen, 101.

Alburnum, 30.

Alternate: scattered; one after another.

Alveolate : deeply pitted.

Ament, 53.

Amentaceous : "bearing aments.

Amphitropous, 83.

Anatrojious, 8.3.

Androgynous: containing both staminate
and pistillate flowers.

AngiospeiTTiw : Flora, p. 1.

Annual : lusting only one year.

Annular: disposed in, or forming, a ring
or circle.

Anfcrif)r: applied to that part, of an axil-
lary flower wliicli is farthest removed
frfim the main axis.

Anther, 71.

Apetalous; without petals.

Apiculatc : tii)ped with a short abrupt
point.

Appendage: sometliing added to a part.

Appn-siicil: lying near to; pressed against.

Aqimtic: growing iii water.

Arborescent: tree-like.

Arcfiliitjon : spaces between the leaf-veins.

Aril. 100.

Arilled: cfiverfd witli an nvil.

Anned: fu^li^hed witli tlmms, prickles,
«,c.

Artifulated: (livi(l«'d into joint*;; connect-
ed by a joint.

Ascending: ) curs'ing outward and up-
Assurgent: J ward.
Attcmiated: gradually narrowed.
Auriculate: eared; bearing small lateral

lobes.
Awl-sliaped: narrow and shai-p-pointed.
Awn: a rigid bristle-like appendage.
Awned : bearing an awn.
Axil: the point where the upper surface

of the leaf joins the stem.
Axillary: borne in the axil.
Axis: tlie central line of a body; the part

around which others gi'ow.

Baccate: berrj'-like; juicy.

Barbed: bearing rigid points which are

directed backward.
Bark, 31.

liasal : belonging to the base.
Beaked: ending in a stout point.
Bearded: bearing tufts or lines of hairs.
Bell-shaped: expanding from a .short and

rounded base, into a spreading border.
Ben-y, 93.

Bidcntate: two-toothed.
Biennial: lasting two years.
Bifid : two-cleft.

Bifoliolate: bearing two leaflets.
Biglandular: licaring two glands.
BIfabiate: tw(i-li])ped.
Bipiiinate: twice pinnate.
Biteriiatc: twice tcrnate.
Bladders: small sacs filled with air.
Blade: the expanded j)ortion of aleaf,&c.
Boat-shaped : see Carniate.
Brachiate : with j)airs of ojiposite branches

spreading at right angles.
Bract, 45.

Bracted: furnished with bracts.
Bractlet, 45.
Bristle: a rigid hair.
Bristly: beset with, or like, bristles.
Brnsh-shiiped: dlvi(l<-d at the apex into

innncrous hairs or filaments.
Bti.l, 14.
Bidb, 21.

I'.ullxins: shajied like a bulb.
Buiblet, 21.

GLOSSARY.

Caducous: falling; away early.

Csespitose: growing in a tuft.

Callous: thickeaed.

Calyx, 63.

Cambium, 31.

Campanulate : see Bell-shaped.

Campylotropous, 83.

Capilhirv: hair-like.

Capsule" 89.

Capsular: relating to, or with the char-
acters of a capsule.

Carinate : keeled ; bearing on the back a
sharp longitudinal ridge.

Cariopsis, 95.

Carpel: a single pistil, or one of the parts
of a compound pistil.

Carpellary : pertaining to a carpel.

Carpophore; Flora, p. 157.

Cartilaginous : hard and tough.

Cannicle: an appendage of the hilum.

Caudate : tailed.

Caudex, 17.

Caulescent: furnished with a stem.

Cauline: pertaining to the stem.

Cell : one of the cavities of the frait or
of the anther, &c.

Celled: divided into cells.

Cellular Tissue, 3.

Centrifugal Inflorescence, 48.

Centripetal Inflorescence, 48.

Chaff: thin scales or bracts.

Chaffy: furnished with chaff, or of the
texture of chaff.

Chalaza, 82.

Channelled : with a deep longitudinal
furrow.

Character : a phrase employed to distin-
guish a genus, &c. from all others.

Chartaceous : of the texture of paper.

Chlorophyll : the green matter of leaves,
&c.

Ciliate : fringed with a row of hairs.

Circinate : rolled inward at the apex.

Circumscissile, 89.

Cirrhose: bearing tendrils; tendril-like.

Clasping : enclosing by its base, as a leaf
the stem.

Clavate: club-shaped.

Claw : the stalk of a petal.

Clawed : raised on a claw.

Climbing: clinging to other objects for
support.

Club-shaped : terete and gradually thick-
ened upward.

Clustered : crowded.

Coated Bulb, 21.

Cobwebby : bearing fme loose hairs.

Cochleate : coiled like a snail-shell.

Coherent : growing together.

Column: the axis of a compound pistil;
the united stamens of the JIallow Fam-
ily; the united stamens and pistil of the
Orchis Family.

Commissure : Flora, p. 157.

Comose : bearing a coma, 99.

Compound : composed of similar simple
parts, 36.

Compressed : flattened.

Cone : tlie scaly fiiiit of the Pine.

Coiitluent: running together.

Conglomerate : heaped together.

Conical: cone-shaped.

Connate: growing together at the base,

as opposite leaves around the stem.
Connective, 71.

Connivent : brought near together.
Continuous: in one piece; not jointed.
Contorted: twisted; bent.
Contorted {estivation: see Convolute.
Contracted : narrowed ; not spreading.
Convolute, 68.
Cordate : heart-shaped.
Coriaceous : of the texture of leather.
Corm, 20.

Corneous : hard like horn.
Corniculate : bearing a horn or spur.
Corolla, 64.
Corj-mb, 56.
Corymbose : branched like a corymb ;

arranged in corjnnbs.
Costate : ribbed.
Cotyledons, 104.

Creeping: prostrate, and rooting.
Crenate : having sharp notches on the

edge separated by rounded teeth.
Crennlate : slightly crenate.
Crested : bearing an elevated ridge.
Crown : an appendage of the corolla at

the base of the limb.
Crowned : bearing anj'thing at the apex.
Cruciform: shaped like a cross.
Crustaceous : hard and brittle, like a shell.
Cryptogamous Plants, 107.
CucuUate: see Hooded.
Culm, 16.

Cuneate : wedge-shaped.
Cup-shaped: shaped like a bowl or cup.
Cuspidate : ending abruptly in a sharp

point.
Cuticle 31.
Cylindrical: roimd and of nearly equal

thickness.
4C;\ane, 60.
Cymose : arranged in a cyme.

Decandrous : having ten stamens.

Deciduous: falling off at, or before, the
close of the season.

Declining: leaning to one side.

Decompound : several times divided.

Decumbent: prostrate, but ascending at
the summit.

Decurrent : with the edges extending be-
low the main point of attaohment.

Definite : few ; a number easily counted.

Definite Inflorescence, 48.

Deflexed: bent downward.

Dehiscence: the mamier in which closed
organs regularly open.

Dehiscent : opening regularly.

Deltoid : triangular.

Dentate : having sharp notches on the edge
separated by coarse and spreading teeth.

Denticulate: slightly toothed.

INTRODUCTION.

Depressed: flattened horizontally.

Descending: directed downw:ird.

Ditidclplious: collected in two sets.

Diandrous: having; two stamens.

Dichlaniydeous : having both calyx and
corolhi'.

Dichotomous: forked.

Dicliiiou-:, CG.

Dicotyledonous: having two cotyledons.

Didynious: twin.

Didynamous: having four stamens, with
two of them longer than the others.

Diffuse: loosely spreading.

Digitate : when tlie apex of the petiole
bears five or more leaflets.

Dimorplious: of two forms.

Dioecious, 67.

Discoid: Flora, p. 184.

Disk, 73. Alio the central part of the
head of composite flowers.

Dissected: divided into many lobes.

Distichous: two-ranked; placed on oppo-
site sides of the axis.

Distinct: separate.

Divaric:ite: widely spreading.

Divided: parted nearly to tlio base.

Dorsal: pertaining to "back or outside.

Dorsal Suture, tO.

Downy : bearing soft short hairs.

Drupe, 94.

Drup:vccous : with the characters of a
dnipe.

Duramen, 30.

Dwarf: below the common size.

Eared: see Auriculate.

Echinatc: beset with prickles.

Elliptical : in outline twice as long as
wide, broadest in the middle, and
rounded at e:vch end.

Elongated: unusually long; extended.

Emargiuiite: notched at the apex.

Embryo, 102.

Emersed: raised out of water.

Endoc:irp: the inner layer of the pericarp.

Endogenous (stems), 32.

Enneamlrous: having nine stamens.

Ensiforin : sword-siiaped.

Entire: with margins not toothed or di-
vided.

Epigviious, 70.

Epi|)liyte-<, 11.

Equiia'erai : oqunl-<iided.

Enuitniit (ie;ives): two-ranked, with their
bilges (•la'<[)e I one witiiin the other, and
their sides facing the horizon.

Erose: with the margin irregularly scal-
loped, as ifgnawoil.

Evcrgrcnii: lusting tlirongh the winter.

Exorrciioni. 2R.

Ex'-nrted: protruding out of the surround-
ins p;irt<<.

Ex«tipuliifo: witlioiit Htipulos.

Extrorno Anthers, 72.

Fnlrntc: xevthe-shapcd.
Fumily, 113.

Fan-shaped : folded or plaited like a fan.

Farinaceous : mealy.

Fsisciclc: a cluster.

Fascicled: collected in a cluster.

Fastigiate : rising to the same level ; flat-
topped.

Feather-veined, 41.

Female (flowers): bearing only pistils.

Ferruginous: of liie color of h'ou-i-ust.

Fertile: bearing fruit.

Fibre, 4.

Fibrous Roots, 8.

Fiddle-shaped : oblong in outline, and
contracted in the middle.

Filament, 69. Any thread-like part.

Filamcntosc : bearing or composed of
threjuls.

Filiform: thread-like.

Fimbriate : with the margin cut into a
fringe.

Fistulous: hollow.

Fleshy : soft and juicy.

Flexuous: zigzag; Lent outward and in-
ward.

Floating: resting on the surface of the
water.

Floccosc: bearing tufts of deciduous hairs.

Flora : a systematic defccriptiou of the
plants of a country.

Floral : belonging to tlie flowers.

Floret: one of the flow'ers of a cluster.

I'lower, 61.

Flowering Plants, 106.

Flowcrless riants, 107.

Foliaceous: leaf-like.

Foliolate: be:u-iiig leaflets.

Follicle, S7.

Follicular: like a follicle.

Forked: divided into two brnnches.

I-'ree: separate; disconnected.

Fringed: see Ciliate.

Frond: the leaf of a Fern.

Fructification: the fruiting state.

Fruit, 84.

Frutescent : shrubby.

(Fugacious: continuing for a short time.

Fulvous: tawny.

Funiculus, h'l.

Fniniel-shaiJcd : pradujillj' dilated upward
from a lulnlar base.

Furrowed: grooved lengthwise.

Fusiform : spindle-shaped ; broadest in
the middle, and tapering at each end.

Geminate: bv paii-s.
Geniculate: Lent abruptly.
Genus, 11. >.
Germinntion, 10.'>.
Gii)l)ons: ))nn'cct out.
Glabrous: frci' from roughness, or hairs.
Glands: small knobs or excrescences.
Glandular: beariuc glands,
(ilancons: covered with a minute whitish
powiler.

,.,„,,„,,,^.j round; spheneal.

Glomerate: collected in a close rln«tcr.

GLOSSARY.

XXI

Glnmaccotis : glumc-likc, or bearing

glumes.
Glumes : the scale-like bracts, &c. of

grasses and sednes.
Granular: covered with prains.
Gymnospennous Plants: Flora, p. 431.
Gynandrous, 70.

Habit: the general appearance of a plant.
JIabitat: the native situation of a plant.
Hairs: hair-like appendngesof the cuticle.
H:iiry: fiiriiislicd with hairs.
Hastate or Ilalberd-shapcd: dilated at the

base into two spreading lobes.
Heart-shaped: ovate, with a sinus at the

base. ,

Heptandrous : having seven stamens.
Herb, 2G.
Herbaceous, 26 ; of the color and texture

of a leaf.
Herbarium : a collection of dried plants.
Hilum, 100.

Hirsute : beset with coarse hairs.
Hispid: beset w-ith rigid hairs.
Hoary: grayish-white.
Homogeneous: uniform in substance.
Hooded: rolled inward or arched.
Horn : an appendage like a hom.
Horny: of the texture of horn.
Hyaline : thin and nearly transparent.
Hybrid, 112.
Hypogynous, 70.

Imbricated, 68.

Imperfect (flowers), 66.

Incised: cut into notches or lobes.

Included: enclosed; opposed to Exserted.

Incumbent : Flora, p. 21.

Incuiwed : bending inward.

Indefinite : numerous; not readily coimtcd.

Indefinite Inflorescence, 48.

Indehiscent: not opening.

Indigenous: native to a countrj%

Induplicate: folded inward.

Indusium : Flora, p. 5S6.

Inferior: below, 10.3.

Inflated : puffed out, as if jdistended with
air.

Inflexed : bent inward.

Inflorescence, 47.

Innate (anther), 72.

Inserted on : used in the sense of growing
from a part

Insertion : the mode of attachment.

Internodes, 14.

InteiTupted: not continuous; not jointed.

Intenaiptedly piinmte: with smaller leaf-
lets between the larger ones.

Intervals: Flora, p. 157

Introrse (anthers), 72.

Introduced : brought from another coun-
try.

Inverted : turned upside down.

Involucel, 58.

Involucre, 58.

Involute : with the margins rolled inward.

Irregular (flowers), 66.

Jointed : separating across into pieces ;
furnished with joints.

Keel: a sharp longitudinal ridge on the
back of an organ; Flora, p. 86.

Keeled: see Cariuate.

Kidney-shaped : heart-shaped, but the
width greater than the length.

Labellum: the odd petal (lip) of the Or-
chis Family.

Labiate: divided into an upjier and lower
lobe or lip.

Laciniate: divided into irregular lobes.

Lamellate : formed of thin phites.

Lamina: the blade of a leaf, &c.

Lanceolate : lance-shaped.

Laiuiginous: woolly.

Lateral: placed at, or pertaining to the
side.

Leaf, 33.

Leaflet, 36.

Leathery: see Coriaceous.

Legume, 88.

Lenticular: like a double-convex lens.

Liber, 31.

Ligidate : strap-shaped.

Ligula: Flora, p. 545.

Limb: the expanded part of a leaf, &c.

Linear : long and narrow, with parallel
margins.

Lip: see Labellum and Labiate.

Lobe : one of the parts of a divided body.

Loculicidal, 89.

Lunate : crescent-shaped.

Lyrate : pinnatifid, with the upper lobes
enlarged.

Marginal : borae on, or pertaining to, the
edge or margin.

Medullary Rays, 30.

Jledullar'y Sheath, 29.

Jlembranous : of the texture of mem-
brane.

Jlericarp: Flora, p. 157.

.Alicropyle, 100.

Midrib: the prolongation of the petiole
through the limb of a leaf.

Monadelphous, 70.

Monandrous: bearing one stamen.

Moniliform: bearing short joints; like a
string of beads.

Monochlamydeous: bearing oidy one row
of floral envelopes.

MonocotA'ledonous, 104.

Jloncecious, 67.

Monopetalous : with the petals united
into one piece.

Monosepalous : with the sepals imited
into one piece.

JIucronate : tipped with an abrupt slen-
der point.

Muricate : beset with hard wart-lika
points.

Naturalized : introduced, but propagat-
ing freely by seed.

INTRODUCTION.

Ncckhiec-shapcd: see Moniliform.

Nec'tarv : anv honey-beariiig part.

Ncrvoil (leaves), 40.

Netted-veiueil, 40.

Neutral (flowers): without stamens and

pistils.
Nodding: turning outward or downward.
Nodes. 14.
Xodo«e: knotty.
Nut, i'O.
Nutlet : same as Acheiiium.

Obcordate: inversely heart-shaped.
Oblanceolate: inversely lance-sliaped.
Oblique : uneiiual-sided.
Oblon<;: narrower than Elliptical, with

nearly parallel margins.
Obovat'e: egg-shaped, with the nan-ow

end downward.
Obtuse : blunt ; not pointed.
Ochrea, 38.

Octandrous: having eight stamens.
One-sided: borne one side of the axis.
Opaque: dull.
Opposite : placed directly against each

other, as leaves on the stem; placed

before, as stamens before the petals.
Orbicular: circular.
Organs, 6.
Orthotropous, 8.3.
Oval : same as Elliptical.
Ovary, 76.
Ovate: egg-shaped.
Ovoi<l: a solid with an oval outline.
Ovule, 76.

Palate : a prominence at the throat of

some bilabiate flowers.
Palea: Flora, p. 545.
Palmate: hand-shaped; when the lobes

or divisions spread from a common

centre.
Palmatelv-veined, 41.
Panicle, 59.

Papery: of the texture of paper.
Papilionaceous (flower): Mora, p. 86.
Papillf)se: studded with minute wart-like

j)rominences.
Pappus; the limb of the calyx of com-

[>osit(; flowers.
Parallel-veined, 40.
Parasitical: supported and nourished by

other plants.
Parietal, Hi.

Parted: tlividcd nearly to the base.
I'artial: pertaining to the parts of a com-
pound organ.
Pectinate: cut into fine parallel lobes.
Pcdafe: nciirly as palniato, but with the

lafep.d lobes divi<led.
P.-Ijc.-l.r.O.

P«'.|iccllcd: niised on a pedicel.
I'ednnele, M.

P<rduM<-led: raised o!i a peduncle.
Peltate : fixed to the stalk ut a point

wifliin the margins.
Pendent: hanging, drooping.

Pendulous : somewhat drooping.

Penicillate: see Hrush-sha])ed.

Pentandrous: having five stamens.

Pepo, 91.

Perennial : lasting from year to year.

Perfect Flowers, 66.

Perfoliate: growing around the stem.

Perianth, 65.

Pericarp: the walls of the fruit.

Perigynium: Flora, p. 532.

Perigynous, 70.

Persistent : remaining late, as opposed to

deciduous.
Personate : bearing a palate.
Petal, 64.

Petaloid: i)etal-like; colored like a petal.
Petiole: the stalk of a leaf.
Petidled: borne on a petiole.
Petiolule: the stalk of a Iwiflet.
Petiolulate: raised on a ))etiolule.
PluTjuogimious Plants, 106.
Pilose: beset with stitl' straight hairs.
Pinnae: the primary divisions of a pin-

natelv compound leaf.
Pinnate, 43.
Pinnately divided, 43.
Pinnules: the secondary divisions of a

liiiniately compound leaf.
Pistil, 74.
Pith, 29.

Pitted: marked with fine indentations.
Placenta, 81.

Plaited, 68; folded lengthwise.
Plumose: feathery.
Plumule, 103.

I'oll.'M, 71.

I'ollinia: the pollen-masses of the Milk-
weed.

Polyandrous: bearing many stamens.

Polypetalous and Polysopalous: applied
to a corolla or calyx with separate
petals or sepals.

Polymorphous: of various forms.

Poiiie, 92.

Prickles: sharp and rigid a])pendages of
the cuticle.

Prickly: besej^with prickles.

Primine, 82.

Prismatic: angular, with flat sides.

Process: a ])niniinence or projection.

Procumbent: resting on the gnjund.

Produced : prolonged.

Proliferous: where a cluster of flowers
arises out of another cluster.

Prostrate: see Procumbent.

Pubescence: hairiness in general.

I'ubescent: hairy or downy.

I'ulvenilent: covered witli fine jmwdor.

Punctate: dotted.

Pungent: ending in an abnipt hard point.

Pyramidal : ))yramid-sliaped.

Pyriforni : jiear-shaped.

Quinato: bearing five leaflets.

Raceme, 65.
Kachis, CO.

GLOSSARY.

XXUl

Bays 57 ; the marginal flowers a head or
cvme- tlie [lartial stalks of an umbel.

Radiate 'or Kadiaat : bcaruig rays ; di-
ver"-in"- from a centre.

Radic'iil'near or belonging to the root.

Radicle, 103.

Raphe, 83.

RGC6I)tUClG 61-

Recliniiii^: 'leaning or faUing to one side.

ReflS"!' ! '^^"^ g^^'^^'^^y backward.

Refracted: bent abruptly backward, as if
broken.

Regular: of uniform shape and size.

Reniform: see Kidney-shaped.

Repand: wavy.

Resupinate: turned upside down.

Reticulate: disposed in little spaces, like
network.

Revolutc : rolled backward.

Rhizoma, 18.

Rhombic or Rhomboidal : diamond-
shaped.

Ribs, 33 ; longitudinal ridges.

Ribbed : bearing ribs.

Root, 7.

Rootlet, 7.

Roots tock, 18.

Rostrate: beaked.

Rotate : wheel-shaped ; with a short tube
and a spreading limb.

Rudimentary: imperfectly deyeloped.

Rugose: uneven; wrinkled.

Ruminated (albumen) : divided into
lobes.

Runcinate : same as lyrate, but with the
lobes directed backward.

Runner, 23.

Sagittate: arrow-shaped.

Samara, 97.

Scabrous: rough.

Scales : reduced leaves, or any small

and thin appendage.
Scaly : beset with scales ; of the texture

of scales.
Scape, 50.

Scarious : very thin and colorless.
Scurfy : covered with minute scales.
Secund: one-sided.
Seed, 99.
Segment: one of the parts of a divided

leaf, &c.
Sepal, 63.
Septicidal, 89.
Serrate: with the margin cut into teeth

like a saw.
Serrulate : finely serrate.
Sessile: not raised on a stalk.
Setaceous: bristle-like.
Sheath: the base of a leaf when it is

wrapped round the stem.
Sheathing ; enclosing the stem like a

sheath.
Shield-shaped: see Peltate.
Shrub, 20.
Silicle and Silique, 90.

Silky : clothed with fine appressed shin-
ing hairs.

Silvery : white and shining.

Simple: of one piece.

Sinuate : with tlie margins cut into
rounded incisions (sinuses) which are
separated by rounded lobes.

Solitary : standing alone.

Sorus : the li'uit cluster of ferns.

Spadix, 54.

Spathe, 54.

Spatulate : dilated into a broad and
romided summit, from a slender base.

Species, 111.

Specific : pertaining to a species.

Spike, 52.

Spikelet : a .small spike, or a branch of a
spike.

Spindle-shaped: see Fusifoiin.

Spine, 24.

Spiny: armed with spines; spine-like.

Spiral Vessels, 6.

Sporangia: Flora, p. 585.

Spores: Flora, p. 585.

Spur: a hollow appendage of the calyx
or the corolla.

Spun-ed : furnished with a spur.

Squarrose : covered with spreading
scales.

Stamen, 69.

Staminate: bearing stamens.

Standard: Flora, p. 86.

Stellate or Stellar : radiating from a
common centre.

Stem, 13.

Stemless, 13.

Sterile: unfruitful; imperfect.

Stigma, 7S.

Sriginatic: Iielonging to tl:e stigma.

Stipe : the stalk of an ovary or of a fern-
leaf.

Stipel, 38.

Stipellate : furnished with stipels.

Stipule, 38.

Stipulate: furnished with stipules.

Stolon, 22.

Stoloniferous: bearing stolons.

Stomata, 33.

Strap-shaped : long and flat, with par-
allel margins.

Striate: njarked with fine furrows.

Strigose : bristly with rigid appressed
hairs.

Strobile, 98.

Style, 77.

Subulate : awl-shaped.

Sulcate: marked with deep furrows.

Suspended: hanging.

Suture, 80.

Sj-ngenesious, 72.

System, 115.

Tap-root, 8.
Tendril, 25.

Terete : cylindrical ; round.
Ternate : of three leaflets ; three in a
whorl.

INTUODUCTION.

Testa: tiic covering of the seed.
Tetniiiieroiis: in piirts of lour.
'ieU■allarou^: having four stameus.
Thorn, '^i.
Throat: tiie orilicc of a tubuhir corolla,

calyx, &c.
Toiuentose: clothed with a close velvety

pubescence.
Tootlicd: t^ce Dentate.
Top-*li:ii)ed : like an inverted cone.
Torosc, or Torulose: knotted; knobby.
Torus, Gl.
Tree, 20.

Trian(h\ius: having three stamens.
Tribe: a subdivision of an order.
TriciiotoiTious : dividing into three

branches.
Trifoliulate: bearing three leaflets.
Truncate: ending abruptly, as if cut off.
Tube : the united part of a calyx or co-
rolla.
Tuber, 19.
Tubercle: a wart-like appendage; Flora,

p. 504.
Tubercled : bearing tubercles, or crowned

with a tubercle.
Tuberous: like a tuber.
Tubuhir: shaped like a tube.
Tumid: swelled; thickened.
Tunicated I?ulb, 21.
Twin: in jiairs; a pair united.
Twining : rising by coiling around a

support.

Umbel. 57.

Umbellod: arranged in an umtel.

Umbf'lic'', 57.

Unarmcil: destitute of thorns, prickles,&c.

Uncinate : honked.

Undulate : wavy.

Unequally pinnate, 43.

Unguiculatc : clawed.

Unifoliohitc : bearing a single leaflet.
Urceolatc : urn-shaped ; pitcher-shaped.
Utricle, Uo.
Utricular : formed like a utriclfi.

Valve, 85.

Valvate, 68 : opening by valves.

Varietv, 111.

N'ascular Tissue, 5.

Vaulted : arched.

Veins, 33.

Veiiiv : furnished with reticulated veins.

\'cinlets : the ultimate branches of veins.

Venation, 3!).

Ventral Suture, £0.

Ventricose : i;itiated.

Vernation, 34.

Versatile, 72.

Vertical : with the edges directed upward

and downward, and the sides facing the

horizon.
Vessels, 2.

Vexillum : Flora, p. 86.
Villous : woolly.

Virgate : waiul-likc; long and slender.
Viscid : clammy ; glutinous.
Vittaj : Flora, p. 157.

Waxy : like beeswax.

Wedge-shaped : liroad at the summit, and

tapering regularly to the base.
Wheel-shaped : see L'otatc.
Whorl : a collection of parts arranged in

a ring or circle.
Whorled : disposed in a whorl.
Wing: Flora, p. MS; :iiiv thin expansion.
Winged : furnished with wings.
Wood, 30.

Woody : of the texture of wood.
Woody Fibre or Woody Tissue, 4.
Woolly : clothed with long and dense soft

III. ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAVIES OP AUTHORS.

Adans. -

= Adanson.

Good. =

Goodenough.

Ait.

Alton.

Griseb.

Griscbacli.

AU.

All ion i.

Gronov.

Gronovius.

Andr.

Andrews.

Haw.

Haworth.

Am.

Aniott.

H. B. K.

Humboldt, Bonpland, and

Aubl.

Aublet.

Hoff.

HofTmtuin. [Kxinth.

BaUw.

Baldwin.

Book.

Hooker.

Bartr.

Bart ram.

Eoust.

Houston.

Beauv.

Palisot de Beauvols.

Buds.

Hudson.

Benih.

Bcnthara.

Jacq.

Jacquin.

Bigel.

Bigelow.

Juss.

Jussieu.

Boerh.

Boerhaave.

L. or Linn.

Linnceus.

Brontjn.

Brongniart.

Lag.

Lagasca.

Buckl.

Buckley.

Lam.

Lamark.

Cass.

Cassini.

Lelim.

Lehmann.

Catesb.

Catesby.

VHerit.

L'Heritier.

Cav.

Cavanilles.

Lindl.

Lindley.

Chapm.

Chapman.

Marsh.

Marshall.

Chois.

Choisy.

Mart.

Martius.

Darl.

Darlington.

Meg.

Jlcyer.

DC.

De Candolle.

iFichx.

Michaux.

A. DC

Alphonse de Candolle.

Mklix.f.

Michaux the younger.

Desf.

Desfontaines.

Mill.

Miller.

Desv.

Desveaux.

Mcench.

Sloenchausen.

Dew.

Dewey.

Muhl.

Muhlenberg.

Dill.

Dillenius.

Murr.

Murray.

Ehrh.

Elirhart.

Nech.

Necker.

Ell.

Elliott.

Nets.

Nees von Esenbeck.

Endl.

Endlicher.

Null.

Nuttall.

Engelm.

Engelmann.

Panz.

Panzer.

Fisch.

Fischer.

Pers.

Persoon.

Forst.

Forster.

Plum.

Plumier.

Gcert.

Gartner.

Poir.

Poiret.

Gaud.

Gaudin.

Raf.

EafinesquG.

Ging.

Gingins.

R.Br.

Robert Brown.

Gmel

Gmelin.

R. <f S.

Eoemcr &; Schultes.

INTKOULCTION.

EicL =

Richard.

Toum. :

= Toumefort.

Saiisb.

Salisbury.

Trin.

Triuius.

Schk.

Schkuhr.

Tuck.

Tuckerman.

Schrad,

Schrader.

Veni.

Veiiteiiat.

Schreb.

Schreber.

Wahl.

Wahlenbcrg.

Schw.

Schweinitz.

Wang.

AVaiigenheim.

Scop.

Scopoli.

WaU.

\\'alter.

ShiMlic.

Shuttleworth.

WaUr.

Wallroth.

SuUiv.

Sullivant.

Weiidl.

Wendland.

Torr.

Torrey.

mild.

Willdeuow.

IV. SIGNS USED m THIS WORK.

(J) An annTial plant.
(§) A biennial plant.
y. A perennial plant.

° The length in feet; as, "2° long," two feet long.
' The length in inches; as, "2' long," two inches long.
" The length in lines; as, "2" long," two lines long.
(*) Placed at the end of a specific character, denotes that the species is not well

known.
Two adjectives connected by a hyphen denote a form intermediate between the
two; as, "ovate-lanceolate," between ovate and lanceolate.

Two figures connected by a dash, as "stem 4° -6° long," denote that the length
of the stem varies from four to six feet.
n. sp. ) indicate that the species, or genus, is new, or has not been previously
n. gen. ) characterized.

V. DIRECTIONS TO THE STUDENT.

Having acquired a general knowledge of the principles of botany, and of the
meaning of tlie peculiar terms employed in the science, the student proceeds to
study or analyze plants, with a view to determine their names, and tlio place thej
occupy in the system.

His chief difficulty, at the outset, will be to ascertain to which one of the 164
natural orders or families contained in this work the plant he may have in hand
belongs. Were he to attempt to compare it with the characters of each order
successively, the task would be tedious and discouraging.

To obviate this, and to enable him to refer any unknown plant directly to its
proper place in the Flora, some guide, such as is supplied by the following An-
alysis of the Natural Orders, will be necessary. One or two examples will best
explain its use.

Suppose we have in hand a flowering branch of the Linden-Tree or Bass-
wood. Turning to the Analysis on page xxix., we compare it, first, with the
Series of Ph^enogamous Plants, with which we find it to agree in having
flowers.

Then, dividing the branch across, we see if it is made up of pith, wood, and
bark ; if the leaves are netted-veined ; and if the floral envelopes are in fours
or fives. Exhibiting these peculiarities, it doubtless belongs to the Class of
Dicotyledonous Plants ; although, in consequence of the minuteness of the
seed, we have not been able to ascertain the number of the cotyledons.

We next see if the ovules are contained in an ovary. This being clearly the
case, it comes under the Sfbclass of Angiospeemous Plants. The double
floral envelopes, and the separate petals of the corolla, carry it to tlie Polypet-
alods Division.

Our attention is next directed to the insertion of the stamens and petals, —
whether on the calyx, or hypogynous. In our plant they are hypogynous.
Then, if the stamens are more than twice as many as tke petals. They are so
in ours. Then, if the leaves are opposite or alternate. In ours they are alter-
nate. Then, if the ovaries are more than one, or solitary and 1 -celled, or soli-
tary and 2 - many-celled. In ours they are solitary and 5-cellcd ; bringing it
under the last alternative. Then, if the stamens are in any way connected

XXVin INTRODUCTION.

with the petals, or free from them. In ours they arc free. Lastly, whether
they arc united into a tube, or in clusters, or arc all separate. In ours they are
fro united in five clusters, and the sepals arc deciduous. This brings our plant
to the natural order, Tiliace^, 59, — the number referring to the page of the
Flora where the order is described.

Turning to that page, and comparing our plant with the character of the
order, we notice their agreement.

We then proceed to find the name of the genus. This is readily done, in this
instance, by comparing the plant with the two genera comprised in this order.
With the first it will be found to agree in every particular, and therefore we
need not carry it further. We find, then, the plant in question to be a species
of the genus Tilia, so named by Tournefort, and commonly called Linden or
Basswood.

Again, suppose the plant under consideration to be the common Bear-Grass.
Having flowers, it is, of course, Phccnogumous. But, cutting across the stem, we
find, in the place of pith, wood, and bark, a white mass of cellular tissue, stud-
ded with minute points, which are the ends of the divided threads of woody
fibre ; the veins of the leaf run parallel from the base to the apex ; the floral
envelopes are in two rows of three each ; and the embryo, if examined, will bo
found to have but one cotyledon. In these respects, our plant dift'ei-s widely
from the Class of Dicotyledonous Plants, and we therefore turn to its alterna-
tive, the Class of Monocotyledonous Plants, on page xxxvii. of the Anal-
ysis, which, we observe, includes plants possessing these cliaractcrs.

Our plant, having the floral envelopes double, and not glumaccous, falls
under the second heading, marked with two stars ( * * ).

Proceeding as in tiic former example, and carefully comparing the plant with
the analysis that follows, we sec, first, if the ovary is adherent with, or free from,
the perianth. In ours it is free. Then, if the perianth is single, or double. In
ours it is double. Then, if the calyx and corolla are alike or unlike. In ours
they are alike. Then, if the leaves of the perianth arc glumc-likc, or othcnviso.
In ours they arc not glume-like. Then, if the leaves arc ncttcd-yeincd or par-
allel-veined. In ours they are parallel-veined. Then, if the capsule is 1 -celled,
or 3-6-celled. In ours it is 6-cclled. Lastly, if the anthers arc introrsc or cx-
trorse In ours they arc introrsc.

This brings us to the natural order Liliace/t:, described on page 480 of the
Flora. It contains ten genera, belonging to three tribes, the charncters of wliich
arc i)riefly given in the Synopsis. Our plant, by its capsular fruit, the separate
divisions of the perianth, and leafy stem, comes under the third tribe, Tolipa-
CE/K. Of the two sections, marked with a star ( * ). our plant belongs to the
second ; having a Palm-like stem. No. 10, Yucca, alone remains ; ami to it
our plant must belong.

Turning to page 48.5, whore this genus is more fully described, wc find it to
embrace four npecies, divided into two seetions based upon the character of the
stem and capsule. The idmrt stem (excluding the scape) and dry capsule of
our plant l)-l(ing to the former. It eontains Imt one spceies, Y. lilamentosa, L.,
which wc therefore fuid to bo the botanical name of the plant in question.

VI. ' ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATUTtAL ORDEIiS.

Series L PHiENOGAMOtJS ok FLOWEPJNG PLANTS.

Plants furnished with flowers, consisting of stamens and pistils,
and producing seeds wliich contain an embryo plant.

Class I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Stem composed of bark and pith, with an interposed layer of woody
fibre and vessels, and increasing in diameter, in all perennial stems,
by the annual deposition of a new layer between the wood and bark.
Leaves nctted-veincd, commonly articulated with the stem. Floral en-
velopes usually in fours or fives. Cotyledons two, rarely more.

Subclass L ANGIOSPERMOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Ovules contained in an ovary, and fertilized by the action of the pollen,
through the medium of a stigma. Cotyledons two.

Division L POLYPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Floral envelopes double, consisting of both calyx and corolla ; the latter of
separate petals.

» Stamens and petals free from the calyx, hypogijnous or nearly so.
■t- Stamens inore tlian twice as many as the petals.
Leaves opposite, entire. Page

Leaves dotted. Stamens Fpparate. Stigma small. IIYPETlICACE^i 38

Leaves dotless. Stamens united below. Stigma radiate-peltate. CLUSIACE.^, 42

Leaves alternate.

Ovaries more than one, each 1-ceIIed.
Stems woodj'. Petals G or more, in two or more rows.
Petals imbricated in the bud.

Anthers 4-celIed. Dioecious vines. MEXISPEr.MACEiE, 15

Anthers 2-celled. Flowers perfect. MAGXOLlACEiE, 12

Petals valvatc in the bud. Fruit pulpy. Albumen ruminated. ANONACEiE, 14

Herbs. Ovaries embedded in the top of the large receptacle. NELUMBIACE.E, 18

Ovaries borne on the receptacle. Sepals and petals deciduous. RANU\CUT,ACE/T;, 2

Sepals and petals persistent. CAEOMBACEiE, 13

PORTULACACE^,

43

DKOSERACE^,

86

CISTACEJE,

35

PAPAVERACE.'E,

21

ClMICIFUGE/1?,

2

. CAPPARlDACEiE,

31

malvace;e,

52

CAMELLIACEiE,

60

CLUSIACE^,

42

TILIACE^:,

59

SARRACENIACE.E,

20

NYMPILEACEiE,

19

gimarubace.t:,

67

bs. CABOMIiACEyE,

18

CRASSULACEiE,

149

XXX INTRODUCTION.

Orary eolitary, 1-celled.
Placenta central. Sepals 2, deciduous. Anthers introrse.
Sepals 5, persistent. Anthers extrorse.
Placentae parietal.

Calyx persistent. Capsule 3-valTed : placentae 3.
Calyx deciduous. Juice colored. Leaves simple, lobed.
Juice watery. Placenta 1. Leaves 2 - 3-ternate.
Juice watery. Placentae 2. Leaves simple or trifoliolate.
Ovary solitary, 2 - many -celled.

Stauieus connected with the base of the petals.
Stiioipns united in a column. Sepals valvate.
Stamens united in a ring. SepaU imbricated.
Stamens free from the petals.

Stamens united into a tube. Sepals persistent.
Stamens united in clusters. Sepals deciduous.
Stamens separate. Ovary 5-cclled. Leaves tubular.
Ovary many-celled. Leaves flat.

■I- t- Sta77iens twice as many as the petals.
Ovaries more than one.
Flowers dioecious. Fruit a drupe. Trees, with pinnate leaves.
Flowers perfect. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1 -3-seeded Ariuiitic herbs.
Fruit a many -seeded follicle. Fleshy herbs.
Ovary solitary, 1-celled.
Leaves alternate. Fruit a legume. Leaves stipulate. LEGUMINOSJE, 86

Leaves opposite.
Fruit a capsule, with parietal placenta;. Leaves entire, dotted. IIYI'ERIC.\CEiE, 38
Fruit a capsule, with a free central placenta. Loaves dotless. CARYOrilYI.L.VCEi'E, 45
Fruit a drupe. Shrubs, with trifoliolate dotted leaves. BUKSEK.\CE./E, 67

Fruit a berry. Herbs, with two peltate lobed leaves. BEUI!ElUD.\CEi'E, 16

Ovary solitary, 2-celled.

Flowers irregular : stamens monadelphous. Capsule 2-sccded. POLYOAL.\CEi'E, 82

Flowers regular : stamens separate. Capsule long, many-seeded. TILIACEiE, 59

Ovary solitary, 3-celled. Shrubs, with alternate leaves.

Flowers monoecious. Fruit 3-6eeded, 3-valved. Stamens united. EUPHORBIACE.*;, 399

Flowers perfect. Fruit 3-secded, 3-winged, indehiscent. CYRILL-XCE.!?, 272

Fruit many-seeded, 3-vaIved. ERlCACEiE, 267

Ovary solitary, 4-celled. Stamens 8.

Style single. Low fleshy root-parasites, with scale-like leaves. MONOTROPEiE, 268

A shrub, with alternate lea'ses and bractless flowers. CYRILLACEJE, 272

Styles 4. Flowers cymose. Capsule 4-lobed, spreading. CRASSULACEiE, 149

Ovary soIitJiry 5-celled. Stamens 10.

Style hingle. Stamens monadelphous. Leaves alternate, pinnate. CEDUELACE.T;, 62

S (aniens separate. Leaves opposite, pinnate. ZYGOPIlYLLAt'E/E, 63

Stamens separato. Leaves alU^rnate, simple. I'YKOLEyE, 268

Styles G. Cells of the fruit ncpaniting into 1-sccded nutlets. GERAN'lACEiE, 64

Cells of the fruit united. Leaves trifoliolate. OXALIDACE.!-:, 63

Ovary solitary, 7-rcllpd. Anthers opening by terminal pores. EKlCACEifE, 26i

Ovary BOlitary, 10 - 12-celIed. I^caves opposite, abruptly pinnate. ZYOOPIIYLLACE.'E, 63

■4- <- -1- Stamens excerrli/tg the petals in number, hut not twice as many.
Ovary l-rellcd. Petals 4 : stamens 0.

SepnlH 2. Flowers Irregular. Embryo minute In flc^<liy albumen. FI'M ARl ACEiT"., 22

KopniH 4. Flowcrii n-gular. Embryo large. Albumen none. CAl'r.\RII).\(,'E.E, 31

Ovarj- 2-r(.|le(L

PotJils3. Stiimens 8, monadelphous. Anther" 1 celled. POLYGAI.ACE.E, 82

Petals 4. Stauicn8 6. Fruit a Hill<iuo omlllclo. CRUClFEHil!;, 28

ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OV THE NATURAL ORDERS.

SCmZANDIlE^,

MENISPKHMACE.1-:,

RUTACE7K,

RANUNCULACE.!'^,

SURIANACEJ5,

LEGUMINOS.li:,
VIOLACEiE,

Fruit utricular. EUPUORBIACE.E, 399

Orary 3-cclled. Leaves opposite.
Petals 5. Stamens 9. Leaves simple, dotted. IIYPERICACE^,

Petals 4 -5. Stamens 7. Leaves palmately 7-foliolate. SAPINDACEJE,

Ovary 3 - 4-celled. Leaves alternate.
Petals 5-8. Stamens 10. Fruit indehiscent, 3 - 4-winged. CYRILLACE^,

^- -t- ■>- -h- Statnens (the fertile ones) as tnany as the petals.
Ovaries more than one.
Flowers monoecious. Stamens united into a 5-lobed disk.
Flowers dioecious. Anthers 4-ceUed. Leaves simple.

Anthers 2<-elled. Leaves pinnate, dotted.
Flowers perfect. Style terminal. Ovules pendulous.
Style lateral. Ovules erect.
Ovary solitary, 1-celled.
Flowers irregular. Fruit a legume. Albumen none.

Capsule 3-valved. Albumen fleshy.
Flowers regular.
Flowers monoecious ; the fertile ones apetalous
Flowers perfect.
Stamens opposite the petals.
Anthers opening by uplifted valves.
Anthers opening lengthwise.
Stamens and petals 3. Stigmas many-parted. ■
Stamens and petals 5.
Leaves a pair, opposite. Capsule 3-valved, few-seeded.
Leaves alternate, numerous. Capsule 2-valved.
Leaves at the base of a naked stem. Fruit a utricle.
Stamens alternate with the petals.
Leaves opposite, dotted, exstipulate. Albumen none. IIYPERIC.^CEiE,

Leaves opposite or whorled, dotless, stipulate. Albumen present. ILLECEBRE.3!;,
Leaves alternate Capsule 1-celled.
Leaves compound. Fruit a legume.
Leaves simple. Stamens with sterile ones between.
Sterile stamens none.
Trees or shrubs.
Leaves simple, opposite.
Leaves trifoliolate, alternate.
Fruit a berry. Leaves palmately 5-folioIate.
Fruit a drupe. Flowers perfect, racemose. Stamens 5.
Flowers dioecious, clustered. Stamens 2.
Ovary solitary, 3-celled. Stamens united, the alternate ones sterile.
Ovaries 4-celled, aggregated into a head. Dioecious.
Ovary 5-celled. Style single. Petals stalked.
Ovary 5-celled, or falsely 10-celled. Styles 5. Petals sessile.

■I- ■>- 1- -I- ^- Stamens feiver than the petals.

Stamens 2. Petals 4, cruciform. Fruit a silicle. CRUCIFfeRJ5,

Stamens 2-3 Petals 5. Flowers regular. , Leaves opposite. CARYOPUYLLACEiK,

Stamens 4. Petals 5. Flowers irregular. Leaves alternate. KRAMERIACEiE,

* » Stamens and petals inserted on the calyx, or on a more or less perigynous disk.
■t- Calyx not adherent to the ovary.
++ Stamens as many as the petals.

Stamens monadelphous around the stalk of the ovary.
Stamens separate, opposite the petals. •■

Calyx truncate Ovules 2 in each cell TYoody vines.

Calyx valvate. Ovules single in the cells. Trees or shrubs.

272

12
15
G6
2
149

8G
32

Ovary solitary, 2-celled.
Fruit a double samara.
Fruit a single samara.

BERBBRIDACE.I:,

CISTACE.E,

PORTULACACEiE,

BYTTNERIACE^,

PLUMBAGmACE.E,

MIMOSE.E,

P.'V.RNASSIACE.E,

DR0SERACE.5;,

ACERACE^,

RUTACE^,

VITACEiE,

CYRILLACEiE,

EMPETRACEiE,

GALACINEiE,

BATIDACEyE,

BYTTNERIACEJE,

LINACEiE,

16

a5

43

58
278

.38
45

88
37
36

66

70

272

410

268

411

68

62

23
45

PASSIFLORACE^, 147

VITACE^, 70
RHAMNACE^, 72

xxxu

INTRODUCTION.

Stamens separate, alternate with the petals.
Herbs. Loavos alteruiito Calyx deciduous. Capsule 1-celled.

Leaves oppu^ite. Cul>x persistent. Capsule 2 - 4-cellcd.
Trees or shrubs.
Fruit a double samara. Leaves opposite. Styles 2.
Fruit a drupe. Ovary 1-ceIled. Albumen none.

Ovary 2-6-celled. Seeds with albumen. >
Fruit a capsule. Capsule fleshy. Seeds arilled. )

Capsule 3-cclled, inflated. Leaves trifoliolate.
Capsule 2-celled, 2-beaked Leaves simple.

TUR\ERACE/E, 146
LYTIIIIACEJE, 133

ACKIJACE^. 80
ANACAltDlACEiE, 68

CELASTIlACEiE, 75

STAl'HYLKACE/E, 77
ESCALLOMEiE, 151

<+ ++ Sta7nens more, numerous than the
Ovaries more than one.
I^eaves alternate, stipulate.
Leaves alternate, exstipulatc. Succulent herbs.
Leaves opposite, exstipulate. Sepals and petals numerous.
Ovary solitary, 1-relled.
Fruit a drupe. Style arising from the base of the ovary.

Style terminal. Ovules pendulous.
Fruit a legume. Flowers mostly irregular.
Ovary solitary, 2 - 5-celIed.
Style single. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled.

Leaves compound, dotted. Petals valvate.
Leaves compound, dotless. Petals imbricated.
Styles 2. Leaves alternate. Fruit a capsule.

Leaves opposite. Fruit a double samara.
Styles 2-3, each 2 - 3-parted. Capsule 2 - 3-celled.
Styles 3, entire. Petals clawed. Fruit a drupe.

petals.

ROSACEA, 117

CRASSULACEiE, 149

CALYCANTIUCEiE, 129

CURTSOEALANE^E, 118
AMYtiDALEiE, 118
LEGUMlNOSiE, 86

LYTIIRACEiE, 133

BUUSr.IiACEiE, 67

SAPINDACE.E, 78

SAXlFKAGACEiE, 151

ACKUACEiT;, 80

EUPIIOKIUACIO.T, 399

MALPlGUIACEiE, 81

Uerbs.
Ovary 1-celled.

Calyx adherent to the ovary.

Capsule and 2-lobed calyx circumscissilo. PORTULACACE.^, 43

Capsule 3-valved. Calyx 5-parted. Leaves rough. LOASACE.iE, 146

Ovary 2 - 6-cellcd.
Style single. Anthers opening by a terminal pore. Leaves ribbed. MELASTOMACE/E, 131

Anthers opening lengthwise. Leaves ribless.
Styles or stipcmaa 2 or more.

Flowers umbelled. Fruit dry, separating into 2 pieces.

Fruit berry-like, of 2 - 5 nutlets.
Flowers not umbelled.

Flowers perfect. Fruit capsular. Leaves alternate.
Flowers monoucious. Fruit uut-likc. Leaves whorled.
Shrubs or trees.
Leaves opposite.
Fruit dry, %-ariously dehiscent, many-seeded.
Fruit indeliiscent, 1 -2-.'^ecded.
Stipules between t!ic petioles.
Stipules none. Iyc:ives dotted. Stamens numerous.

T.H.'aves dotless. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-colled.
Leaves dotless. Stamens 10. Ovary l-ccUcd.
Loavc.4 nltomatc.

Flowers uiiilicllcd Leaves compound.
Flowers not iiiiibi-rcd.
Lcavcti Ktipuluto. Fruit fleshy or baccate, Indchlsccnt.

Fruit dry, woody, 2-valvcd. '
Leaves onsliiiulntc.
Vlowcrs tliu.'ciiju.H. Lirujiu baccato. Storilo flowers apetalous

ONAGRACEiE, 137

UMBELLIFER.^, 157
ARALlACEiE, 166

S.\XIFRAGACEiE, 151
UALORAGEJE, 137

nYDRANGE.?E, 151

RiriZOPIIOIlACE.'E, 135

MYKTACK.'E, 130

COUNACK.i:, lf)7

COMUUETACE/E, 130

ARAMACE.'E, IGO

POIMEvT;, 118
II.\MAMEI,.\(;E.E, 156

C0UXACE./E, 1G7

AUTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL OKDEKS. XXXUl

Flowers perfect. Ovary 3-ceUed. Fruit a 2-winged nut.

Ovary 2 - 5-celled. Fruit a 1 - 5-seeded berry.
Ovary 1-celled, with two parietal placentae.
Ovary 1-celled, with numerous placentae.

[ STYRACACEiE, 270

GROSSULACEiE, 145
CACXACEiE, 144

Division II. MOXOPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Floral envelopes double, consisting of both calyx and corolla ; the latter of
more or loss united petals.

* Calyx free from the ovary.

4- Flowers regular.

++ Fertile stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla.

Fruit a 1-spcded fleshy drupe. Evergreen shrubs or trees.
Fruit separating iuto 2-4 nutlets.

Ovary 4-lobed ; the style rising from between the lobes.

Ovary not lobed ; the style terminal.
Fruit a 2-ccllcd capsule.

Capsule circumscissile. Leaves alternate, radical.

Capsule 2-valved. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud.
CcroUa-lobes twisted in the bud.

0LBACE2E, 368

LABIAT.S:, 310
VERBENACE^, 305

PLANTAGINACE^, 277

SCROPHULARIACE^, 287

ACANTUACEiE, 302

++ ++ Fertile stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them.

Herbs. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. PRIMULACE.!), 279

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs.

Anthers introrsej Calyx plaited, glandular. Fruit a utricle. PLUMBAGINACE^, 278

Calyx not plaited. Fruit a drupe. Embryo transverse. MYRSINACE.E, 276

Anthers extrorse. Ovary 1-eelled. Flowers racemose. THEOPHRASTACE>E, 276

Ovary 3 - 8-ceUed. Flowers clustered. SAPOTACE^, 274

4+ 4+ ++ Fertile stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them.

Ovaries 2, separate.
Juice milky.

Stamens united with the stigmas into a mass.
Stamens separate and free from the stigma.
Juice not milky. Stems creeping. Utricle 1-seeded.
Ovary solitary.
Fruit indehiscent.
Leaves opposite.
Ovary 2-celIed.
Ovary 4 -celled.
Leaves alternate.
Flowers dioecious.
Flowers perfect.
Ovary 2-celled.
Ovary 4-celled.
Fruit a capsule.
Capsule circumscissile. Flowers on a scape.
Capsule dehiscent by valves.
Ovary 1-celled. Leaves lobeS, hairy or pubescent.

Leaves entire, smooth.
Ovary 2 - 5-ceIled.
Stipules membranous or annular between the opposite leaves

Drupe 1-seeded.
Drupe 4-seeded.

Corolla-lobes long.
Corolla-lobes short.

Fruit baccate, 4 - 9-seeded.

Corolla plaited or valvate.

Corolla mostly imbricated in the bud.

ASCLEPIADACE^, 361
APOCYNACE^, 358
DICHONDRE^, 341

OLEACE^, 368
VERBENACEiE, 305

AQUIFOLIACE^, 268

SOLANACE^, 347
BORRAQINACE^, 328

PLANTAGINACE^, 27f

HYDROPHYLLACEiE, 333

GENTIANACEiE, 352

LOGANIEiE, 17a

INTRODUCTION.

Stipules nonp.
Capsule fcw-secdcd.

Stems (wining. Leaves alternate, i
Stems twining. Leaves none. )
Stems not twining. Leaves opposite or alternate.
Capsule many -seeded.

Style single.

Capsule 2-ccllcd.
Capsule 2-celled.
Capsule 5-cclled.

Corolla plaited in the bud.
Corolla imbricated in the bud.
Stamens elongated.

Styles 2. Capsule 2-celled.

CONVOLVULACE^, 340
POLEMONIACEiE, 337

SOLANACEiE, 347

SCROPIIULAUIACE.t;, 287

ElllCACEiE, 257

IIYDROLEACEJa, 33«

<-!■ 4+ ++ ++ Stamens more numerates than the lobes of the corolla.

I/caves compound, stipulate. Fruit a legume.
Leaves simple.
Flowers dioecious. Ovary 8-celled. Fruit a berry. '*
Flowers perfect. Stamens numerous.
Stamens united into a column. Anthers 1-celled.
Stamens united in a ring or in clusters at the base.
Flowers perfect. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes.
Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud. Capsule many-seeded.
Corolla-lobes valvate in the bud. Drupe 1-seeded.

t- 1- Flowers irregular.

MIM0SEJ5, 88

EBENACRE, 278

MALVACEiE, 52
CAMELLIACRfi, 60

ERICACEiE, 267
OLACACEiE, 61

FUMARIACE^, 22

Stamens 6. Calyx of 2 sepals. Capsule 1-ceIled.
Stamens (the fertile ones) 2 or 4.
Ovary 1-ceUed. Stamens 2. Corolla spurred. LENTIBULACEjE, 282

Stamens 4. Fruit 1-seeded, reflexcd. rUKVMEiK. 306

Stamens 4. Fruit many-seeded. Leaves scaly. OROBANCIIACEjE, 286
Ovary 2-celled.
Albumen copious. Corolla imbricated in the bud. SCROPnULARIACE^, 287

Albumen none

Placenta with hooked appendages. Corolla twisted in the bud. ACANTIIACE.S, 802

Placenta not appcndaged. Capsule large. BIONONIACE.*;, 284

Ovary 4-celled.

Ovary 4-Iobed ; the style rising from between the lobes. LABIAT;E, 310

Ovary not lobcd. Style terminal. VERBE.NACEA:, ai5

• • Calyx more or less adherent to the ovary.
Anthers united.
Anthers contorted. Vines climbing by tendrils. CUCURB1T.\CEjT;,

Anthers straight. Flowers in a raceme. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. LOHKMACEil';,
Flowers in a raceme. Fruit a 1 -4-8eedcd drupe. RDBIACEvB,

Flowers in a head. Fruit a dry ochenium.
Anthers separate. Leaves opposite or whorlod.
Loaves connected by stipules, or whorled.
BtipulcA none. Stamens at many as the lobes of the corolla.
Stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla.
Anthers separate, l^ivw alternate.
Herbn.
Corolln-lnbes valvate In the hud. Capsiilo opening at the sides.
Corolla-lobes Imliriciited In the bud. Cnpsule vnlviito.
Shruba. Flowi-rs Irregnlir. Sllirma within a riliuto cup.

Flowers r>-irnlnr. Anttiers opotiinrr liy a torminal chink.
Plowcru r>"Mil;ir AiithirH iipening lengthwise.

148
2f)3
172

co>irosiT;E, iM

nvnwrv.A'..

CAPRIKOI.IACK.'K,
VALEKIANACEil-;,

CAMPANl'LACK/E,

PRlMni.ACE.i;,

OOODKNIACK-I-;.

VACCINIK.V,

STVIlACACEiE,

2f.n
279
2W)

270

ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS.

XXXV

Division III. APETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Floral envelopes single, consisting of a calyx only, or altogether wanting.

• Amentaceous trees or shrubs. Flowers moncecious or diczcious.

■¥- Sterile flowers only in aments.

Leaves simple, stipulate. InTolucre scaly. Seed entire. CUPDLIFERiE, 420

Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. Involucre none. Seed 4-lobed.

JUQLANDACEiE, 418

•t- H- Both the sterile and fertile flowers in aments,

Aments globose. Calyx none.

Fruit 2 beaked, 2-valved, many-seeded. Sterile aments spiked.

Fruit nut like, 1-seeded, hairy. Aments single.
Aments oblong or linear.

Ovary 1-celled. Drupe 1-secded. Stipules none.

Capsule 2-valTed, many-seeded. Seed comose.

Ovary 2-ceUed. Fruit dry, angled or winged.

Fruit enclosed in the confluent berry-like calyx.

» * Flowers not in aments.
■>~ Calijx and corolla none.

UAMAMELACEiE, 166
I'LATANACE^, 417

MYRICACE^, 426
SALICACE^, 429
BETULACE^, 428
HORACES, 414

SAURURACEJE, 397

Ovaries 3-4, united below. Flowers perfect, spiked.

Ovary single.
Involucre none. Capsule 4-celled. Aquatic. CALLITRICIIACE^, 398

Involucre spathe-like. Styles 2. Leaves alternate, parted. PODOSTEMACE^, 399

Involucre 8 - 12-parted. Style one. Leaves whorled, forked. CERATOPHYLLACE.^, 398
Involucre 4- 5-toothed, cup-like, containing one fertile flower and

several sterile ones, each reduced to a single stamen. EUPHORBIACE-S;, 399

^- ^- Calyx herbaceous or corolla-like.
Ovaries more than one.
Stamens inserted on the calyx. Leaves stipulate.
Stamens hypogynous. Stipules none.
Embryo minute.
Embryo and seeds large, curved.
Ovary solitary.
Calyx adherent to the ovary.
Ovary 1-eelled.
Fruit a 2-Talved, many-seeded capsule.
Fruit indehiscent, 1-seeded.
Anthers (and stigma) sessile. Tree parasites.
Anthers on filaments.

Drupe berry-like. Stigma dccurrent.
Drupe dry. Albumen copious.
Drupe dry. Albumen none.
Ovary 6-celleJ, manyovuled. Calyx tubular.
Ovary 4-celled, many-ovuled. Stigma capitate. i

Ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Stigmas 3. Leaves dissected, i
Ovary 2 - 3-celled. Capsule 2-valved. Leaves alternate.
Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite.
Calyx free from the ovary.
Ovary 1-celled.
Ovules and seeds numerous.
Vines. Fruit berry-like.
Stems erect. Capsule circumscissile.

ROSACEiE, 117

RANUNCULACE^, 2
MENISPERMACE^, 15

SAXIFRAGACE.D, 151

LORANTHACE^, 397

CORNACE^, 167

SANTALACE.E, 395

COMBRETACEiE, 136

ARISTOLOCIIIACEiE, 371

ONAGRACE^, 137

HAMAMELACE^, 156
MYRTACE.^, 130

PASSIFLORACRU, 147
CELOSma;, 379

XXXVl

INTRODUCTION.

Ovule and seed solitary. Leaves stipulate.
Stipules sheatliiug. Leaves alteruute.
Stipules scarious. Leaves opposite.
Stipules not slieatliing' nor scarious.
Flowers perfect Acheoium 2-lobcd, spiny.
Flowers imperfect.
Uerba. Stems twining. Leaves 3 - 5-lobed

Stems not twilling. Leaves serrate or entire.
Trees or slirubs.

Juice watery. Flowers single or clustered.
Juice milky. Flowers included in a fleshy receptacle.
Ovule and seed solitary. Leaves without stipules.
Stamens more numerous than the calyx-lobes.
Anthers opening by valves.
Anthers opening lengthwise.
Calyx 5-6-parted.
Calyx entire. Berry oval.
Stamens equalling in number or fewer than the calyx-lobes.
Flowers with scarious bracts.
Flowers without scarious bracts.
Calyx corolla-like, plaited.
Calyx herbaceous. Styles 2.
Ovary 2-12-celled.
Leaves whorled.
A heath-like shrub. Calyx of imbricated scales.
A prostrate annuaL Calyx corolla-like.
Leaves opposite.
Fruit a single samara. Calyx minute, persistent.
Fruit a double samara. Calyx deciduous.
Fruit a drupe.
Flowers perfect. Stamens on the calyx.
Flowers dioecious. Stamens hypogynous.
Fruit a many-seeded capsule. Herbs.
Leaves alternate.
Ovules and seeds 1 - 2 in each cell.
Flowers mono-dioecious. Fruit a drupe or capsule
Flowers polygamous. Capsule 3-4-wiuged.
Flowers perfect or polygamous.
Fruit a berry. Calyx colored.
Fruit a samara. Leaves stipulate.
Ovules and seeds numerous in the cells,
Capsule 3-celIed Flowers solitary.
Capsule 5-celled. Flowers cymoso.

POLYOONACE.'E, 884
ILLECEUUEiE, 46

PETIVERIEiE, 874

CANNABINACEJE, 414
URTICACEiE, 411

TJLMACE.5:, 416
MOUACE.E, 414

LAURACEiE, 393

POLYGOXACEiE, 884
TUYMELEACE.E, 895

AMARANTACEiE, 878

NYCTAOTNACEiE 872
CUEXOPODIACEJE, 376

EMPETRACE.'E, 410
MOLLUGINEiE, 45

FRAXIXE.E, 369
ACEKACEiE, 80

RnAMNACE.T",, 72

FOKESTIKUK.i:, 3G9

LYTUKACE.'E, 133

EUPIIORBTACE.'E, 399
SAPINDACEJE, 78

phytolacoaoe.t;, 374

UL.MACE.E 416
Capsule circumscissilr.

poktulac.vce.t;, 43
crassulace.u, 149

Subclass II. GY^rNOSPERMOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Ovulo.s naked (not contained in an ovary), Mip]iorti'd liy an opon scale
or leaf, or else terminating a branch, and fertilized by the direct ajiplica-
tion of tli(! pollen.

Btflm bmnrhlni?. I><>nvc8 simple.

Stem simple, p'ilm-liko. Leaves pinnata

CONlFEItiH 481
CYCADACEiE, 437

ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS.

Class H. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS or ENDOGENOUS
PLANTS.

Stem composed of cellular tissue and scattered bundles of -woody fibre
and vessels, destitute of proper pith, bark, or concentric layers, and in-
creasing in diameter by the deposition of new fibrous bundles. Leaves
mostly alternate, entire, and parallel-veined, commonly sheathing at the
base, seldom falling off by an articulation. Floral envelopes usually by
threes. Cotyledon single.

* Floral envelopes none. Flowers on a spadix.

Stemless, floating herbs.

Plants frond-like, with no distinction of stem and leaves. LEMNACEiE, 442
Leaves clustered, spreading. Flowers axillary. Pistia in AllACEiE, 439

Caulescent, leafy, rooting herbs.

Fruit a berry. Spadix enclosed in a spathe. ARACEiE, 439

Fruit an achenium. Stem immersed, floating. NAIADACE^, 444

Stem not immersed, erect. TYPIIACE^, 443

« * Floral envelopes (^perianth) single or double, not glumaceous.

Ovary adherent to the perianth.
Stamens and pistil united into a column. Flowers irregular. ORCHIBACE.aE, 452

Stamens and pistil separate.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious.
Flowers enclosed in a spathe in the bud. Aquatics. HTDROCHARIDACE^, 450

Flowers without a spathe. Leaves reticulate. Terrestrial vines. DIOSCOREACE.^, 474
Flowers perfect.
Ovary 1-celled. Stamens 3. Leaves minute.
Ovary 3-ceUed. Stamen 1. Flowers irregular.
Stamens 3. Anthers extrorse.
Stamens 3 or 6. Perianth woolly or scurfy.
Stamens 6. Perianth smooth or hairy.
Ovary free from the perianth.
Perianth single (calyx).
Flowers on a spadix. Ovary solitary.

Ovaries 4. Stem leafy.
Flowers on a scape, spiked. Leaves rush-like.
Flowers on axillary peduncles. Leaves oval.
Perianth double (calyx and corolla).
Calyx and corolla alike, or nearly so, and glume-like.
Calyx and corolla alike, or nearly so, and not glume-like.
Leaves ribbed and netted-veined. Fruit a berry.
Leaves parallel-veined.

Capsule 1-celled. Stamens, or the fertile ones, three
Capsule or berry 3- (rarely 4 or C-) celled.
Anthers introrse (except Lilium). Style single.

V Stigmas 3, nearly sessile

BURMANNIACE^, 451

CANNACEiE, 465

IRIDACE^, 472

HiEMODORACE^ 469

AMARYLLLDACE^, 466

ARACE^, 439

NAIADACE^,, 444

JUNCAGINE^, 447

ROXBURGHIACE^, 479

JUNCACE.E, 492

SMILACE^, 476

PONTEDERLACE.a;, 496

LILIACE^, 480

Styles 3.
Anthers extrorse (except Tofieldia). Styles 3 or 1.
Calyx and corolla unlike.
Ovaries few or numerous, forming achenia in fruit.
Ovary solitary.
Palms. Calyx tubular. Leaves fan-shaped.
Epiphytes. Plants scurfy.
d

MELANTHACE.E, 485

ALISMACE^, 447

PALM^, 437
BROMELIACE.E, 470

XXXYIU FNTRODUCTION.

ncrbs. Stamens 6. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Flower single. TRTLtilACEiE 476

Leaves alternate, sheathing. COMMELYNWCE^H, 497

Stamens 3. Flowers perfect, solitary. Stem leafy. M.WACACEiE, 498

Flowers perfect, capitate. Scape Icaflcsii. XYlllDACE^, 499

Stamens 3 or 4. Flowers monoecious, capitate. Scape leafless.

EUIOCAULONACE.^, 502

• • « Flowers glumaceous, i. e. with scale-like bracts, in place of proper floral envelopes.

Bracts single. Sheaths closed. Fruit an achenium. CYPERACE2E, 504

Bracts by pairs. Sheaths open. Fruit a caryopsis. GK.\.M1NEjE, 646

Series II. CRYPTOGAMOUS or FLOWERLESS
PLANTS.

Plants destitute of proper flowers, and producing, in place of
seeds, minute bodies (spores) which do not contain an embryo.

Class ni. ACROGENS.

Plants with a distinct stem containing woody and vascular tissue,
growing from the apex only.

Fructification borne on the under side of a peltate scale. EQUISETACEiE, 585

Fructification borne on the back or margins of the leaves (fronds). FIL1CE3, 685

Fructiffcation borne in the axil of small leaves or bracts. LYCOPODlACEiE, 600

Fructification borne at the base of the leaves. UYDKOPXEIUUES, (302

FLORA

SOUTHERN UNITED STATES.

FLORA

SOUTH E P.N UNITED STATES

SERIES I.

phtEnogamous or flowering plants.

Vegetables furnished with flowers, consisting of stamens
and pistils, and usually floral envelopes of some kind, and
producing seeds which contain an embryo.

Class L DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Stem composed of bark and pith, which are separated by
an interposed layer of woody fibre and vessels, and increas-
ing in diameter, in all perennial stems, by the annual depo-
sition of new layers between the wood and bark. Leaves
reticulate-veined, commonly articulated with the stem.
Floral envelopes usually in fours or fives. Cotyledons
two, rarely more.

Subclass 1. ANGIOSPERftliE.

Ovules enclosed in an ovary, and fertilized by the action
of the pollen, through the medium of a stigma. Cotyledons
two.

Division I. POLYPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. <

Floral envelopes double, consisting of both calyx and
corolla ; the latter of separate petals.
1

EANUNCULACE.E. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.)

Order I. RANUJVCULACEiE. (Crowfoot Family.)

Herbs or climbing shrubs, with a watery acrid juice. Loaves com-
monly divided, their petioles dilated at the base, williout stipules.
Flowers regular or irregular. Sepals 3-15, distinct, often colored.
Petals 5-15, deciduous, often wanting. Stamens hypogynous, indefi-
nite. Ovaries distinct, numerous, rarely few or solitary, 1-celled, 1-
manv-ovuled. Fruit dry or baccate. Embryo minute at the base of
fleshy or horny albumen.

Synopsis of the Genera.

Tribe I. CLiKM ATIDEiE. Sepals valvate in the bud, colored. Petals stamen-like
or none. Style elongated, persistent. Fruit an achenium. — Chiefly vines. Leaves
opposite.

1. ATKAGENE. Petals small and,stamen-like.

2. CLEMATIS. Petals none.

Tribe TI. ANKMOIVE^'E. Sepals imbricated in the bud, colored. Petals none.
Ovules solitiiry. Iruit an acheuium. — Ilerbs. Floral leaves often whorled, forming
an involucre.

3. ANEMONE. Involucre Icnf-likc and distant from the long-pedunclcd flowers.

4. HEPATICA. Involucre calyx-like and close to the flower.

5. TII.\LICTKUM. Flowers pauicled and without an involucre (except in No. 1). Acbenia

ribbed or inflated. Leaves compound.

6. TRAUTVETTEItlA. Flowers corjmbcd. Involucre none. Acbenia 4-angled. Seed erect.

Leaves Bimple, lobed.

TamE III. RANUBfCl.'L>E.E. Sepals imbricated in the bud, mostly herbaccouB.
Petals mimifcst. Ovules solitary. Fruit an achenium. — Herbs. Leaves alt mate.

7. MVOSUIIC?. Sepal.< ppurred at the ba.<!e. Aclicnia s])ikcd. I..eaves radical, linear.

8. IIANUNCULUS. Sepals gpurless. Acheuia capitate. St«ms leafy.

Tbibe IV. HEL1I.ECORIKE.E. Sepals imbricated in the bud, colored. Petals of
various forms, or none. Fruit a 1 - many-seeded follicle. Leaves alternate.

9. CALTII.V Petals none. Follicle many-seeded. Sepals yellow. Leaves simple.

10. ISOPYIIUM. Petals none. Follicle few-tceded. Sepals white. Leaves C(ni pound.

11. AQUILECilA. Sepals 5, regular. Petals 6, spur-shaped, hollow. Follicle many-seeded.

Leaves compound.

12. DELI'IIINIL'M. .'^epals 5, irregular ; the outer one spurred. Petals 4, small ; two of them

spurred, the otiiers stalked. Follicle many-seeded. Leaves lobed.

13. ACONITU.M Sepals 5. irregular; the outer one large, lidoded, and enclosini? two long-

stalked, licoked putals ; the other petals stameuliko or wanting. Follicle niany-sceJeJ.
I/Tives liibed.

14. ZANTIIOKIIIZA. Flowers regular. Sepals and petals 5; the latter 2 lobed. Follicle

l-2-»eeded. Slirubby. Leaves compound.

Tnnir, V. ClMIClFrOE.a';. Sepals Imbrirntod in the bud, cnlon'd. IVtjils small and
flat, or none. Kniit a follicle or berry. — Herbs. Leaves nltornate.
15 riYDIlA.STIS. Petals none. Ovaries numerous, forming a head of 1 - 2-sceded berries.
Stems l-flowered. Ix-aves simple, lobed.

16. ACTjT.A. Petils 4- 8, entire. Ovary solitary, forming a many-seeded berry. Flowers In

short oblong racemes. Ix>ftVos compound.

17. CTMICIFIUIA. Pctiils 3-5 2-clnft. Ovaries 1-8, fomiiug many-seeded folliclcn. Ra-

cemes elongated. Leaves compound.

RANLNCULACt:^!:. (CUOWIOOT FAMILY.) 3

1. ATRAGENE, L.

Sepals 4, colored, membranaceous, spicatlirifj, valvate in tlie bud, deciduous.
Petals numerous, stamen-like. Stamens indefinite. Ovaries numerous, 1-ovuled.
Achenia capitate, bearing the pei-sistent styles in the form of long plumose-beard-
ed tails. Seed suspended. — Shrubby vines, climbing by the petioles. Leaves
opposite, compound, from scaly buds. Flowers solitaiy, showy.

1 . A. Americana, Sims. Leaves in opposite paii-s, ternate ; leaflets
stalked, ovate, acute, entire or toothed, sometimes slightly cordate ; peduncles
opposite ; sepals oblong-ovate. — Mountains of North Carolina and northward.
April -May. — Flowers 2' -3' in diameter, purple.

2. CLEMATIS, L. ViuoiN's-BowEn.

Petals none. Persistent styles naked or plumose. Otherwise as Atragcne. —
Herbs or shrubby vines. Leaves sim])le or compound, opposite. Buds not
scaly. Flowers solitary or panicled, often polygamous or diujciuus.

* Flowers solitary, nodding : calyx thick or leatheri/,
•t- Stems erect, mostly simple, herbaceous.

1. C. OChroleuca, Ait. Silky-pubescent; leaves ovate or roundish, en-
tire, reticulate, nearly sessile, at lengtli smooth above ; tails of the achenia (1^'
long) plumose. — Upper districts of Georgia and northward. May -June. —
Stems 1° high. Flowers yellowish, 1' long.

2. C. Baldwinii, Ton*. & Gray. Stems mostly simple, slender, slightly
pubescent ; leaves oblong, vaiying to linear-lanceolate, entire, or with three often
divided lobes; peduncles elongated ; tails of the achenia (2' -3' long) very slen-
der, plumose. — Soutli Florida. — Stems 1° - U° high. Peduncles 8'- 10' long.
Flowers purple, yellowish within, the sepals woolly on the margins.

-I- •*- Stems climhing, herbaceous.

3. C. OVata, Pursh. Smooth; stems erect or climbing; leaves broadly
ovate, short-pctiolcd, reticulate, glaucous beneath, the lowest sometimes com-
pound or cordate ; sepals ovate, acuminate, pubescent on the margins ; tails of
the achenia very long, plumose. — Mountains of Georgia, Carolina, and Ten-
nessee. — Flowers purple?, inclined. — Probably a form of the next. ( ♦ )

4. C. Viorna, L. Smoothish ; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5-7, oval, or ob-
long-ovate, mostly acute, somewhat membranaceous, entire or 2-3-lobcd, the
lowest pair often ternate ; calyx ovate ; sepals ovate, tapering into a short re-
curved point, not margined, rather longer than the stamens ; tails of the achenia
( 1 ^' long) plumose. — River-banks. May -August. — Flowers nodding. Sepals
thick, reddish purple, 1' long.

5. C. crispa, L. Stem sparingly pubescent ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets
5-7 ovate, thin, 3-Iohcd or temate ; those of the upper leaves entire, of the low-
est lanceolate or linear ; calyx campamilate ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, twice
as long as the stamens, the margins broad and wavy ; tails of» the achenia (1'
long) rigid ; silky-pubescent. (C. Walteri, P«rs/i. C. cylindrica, <S/«(s. C. line-

4 RANUNCULACE^. (CROAVFOOT FAMILY.)

ariloba, DC, an early state, when all the leaflets are linear.) — Swamps and
banks of rivers. May and June. — Stems 2° -4° high, somewhat shrubby at
the base. Flowers 1'- 1^' long, pale bluish-purple.

6. C. reticulata, Walt. Smooth; leaves pinnate; leaflets 7-9, oval,
entire or 2 -3-lobcd, obtuse or mucronate, coriaceous, stroiij,'ly reticulated ; calyx
ovate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, with spreading tips, not margined, longer than
the stamens ; tails of the achenia (li' long) slender, plumose. — Dry sandy soil,
Florida to South Carolina. May- July. — Calyx downy, dull purijlc.

* * Flowers panicled : cahjx thin, spreading, ivhite: stems woodi/.

7. C. Virginiana, L. Smooth ; leaves ternatc ; leaflets ovate or cordate-
ovate, lobcd or tootlicd ; panicle tricliotomous, many-flowered, leafy ; flowers
dia'cious or polygamous ; sepals obovate, smoothish ; tails of the achenia long,
plumose. — Swamps and meadows. July. — Leaflets 2' -3' long.

8. C. Catesbyana, Pursh. Pubescent ; leaves bitemate ; leaflets ovate,
mostly cordate, 3-toothcd or lobcd ; panicle leafy, many-flowered, the branches
divaricate, opposite, 3-5-flowered; flowers dia-cious ; sepals oblong, hoary;
tails of the achenia plumose. — Dry sandy soil, near the coast, Florida to South
Carolina, and westward. July. — Stem climbing high. Leaves and flowers
smaller than the last.

9. C. holosericea, Pursh. Silky-pubescent ; leaves temate ; leaflets
oblong-lanccol:itc, entire ; flowers dicucious, in paniculate corymbs ; sepals lin-
ear, longer tlian the stamens ; tails of the achenia very long, plumose. — South
Carolina, "Walter. — Flowers small, white. ( « )

3. ANEMONE, L. Wind-flower.

Sepals 4 - 20, colored, imbricated in tlie bud, deciduous. Petals none. Sta-
mens indefinite. Filaments filiform. Ovaries numerous. Ovule solitary.
Achenia capitate, compressed, pointed by the short, naked or woolly, straight
or hooked, persistent style. Seed suspended. — Perennial herbs, with naked
stems, bearing at the summit 2-3 opposite or wliorlcd and divided leaves, which
form an involucre remote from tiic flower. Radical leaves lobcd or divided.

1. A. ncmorosa, L. (Wood Axemonk.) Smooth or ))u1)csccnt ; stem
1 -flowered ; leaves of the involucre 3, long-pctiolcd, 3-partcd, tlie divisions ovatc-
lanccolate, lobcd and toothed, longer than the peduncle ; scjials 4 - C, oval, white ;
achenia 15-20, ))oinlcd iiy the liookcd persistent style. — ()j)cn woods along
the mountains and northward. March -April. — Stems 4' -C high. Iludical
leaf .'•olitary.

2. A. Caroliniana, "Walt. (Cahomna Axemone.) Stem slender,
1-flowcrcd ; p((lim(le niiiny times lon^jer than the small, sessile, 3-lcaved,
3-toollicd invohure ; riulical leaves 2-3, long-jiclioled, tcrnate, deeply parted,
lobcd and tootlicd ; scpaK 14-20, oblong, while ; achenia numerous in a cylin-
drical-olilong hcjid, woolly. — North Carolina and westward. March. — Stems
6'- 12' lii"h. Flowers 1' in diameter.

RANLNCULACE^. (CROAVFOOT FAMILY.) 5

3. A. Virginiana, L. (Virginia Axemone.) Stem haiiy or woolly,
at lengtli niany-Howoreil ; peduncles elongated, the earliest one simple ; lateral
ones several times forking, and bearing a 2-lcavcd involucre and a single flower
at each joint ; proper involucrc 3-leaved, the leaves long-pctioled, 3-parted, with
ovate or oblong lobed and toothed divisions ; sepals 5, oval, greenish, acute ;
achenia numerous, in an oblong head, woolly. — Open woods in tlic ujjper dis-
tricts, and northward. July - September. — Plant 2° - 3° high. Flower 8"- 9"
in diameter. Radical leaves 3-4, similar to the involuci'C.

4. HEPATICA, Dill. Liver-leaf.

Flowers and fruit as Anemone. Involucrc clo>e to the flower, 3-lcavcd, resem-
bling a caly.x ; its leaves sessile, ovate, entire. — Alow, perennial herb, with
scape-like, 1-llowercd stems, and 3-lobcd, long-pctioled, cordate, persistent, radi-
cal leaves.

1. H. triloba, Chaix. Lobes of the leaves rounded, entire ; i^tems hairy ;
flowers purplish or white ; achenia oblong, hairy. — Shady woods, Florida and
northward. February - March. — Stems 3' - 6' high.

5. THALICTRUM, Tourn. Meadow-Rue.

Sepals 4 -10, imbricated in the bud, colored, spreading, deciduous. Petals
none. Stamens numerous. Filaments filiform, clavatc or flattened. Ovaries
3-15, l-ovu!ed. Achenia sessile or stalked, furrowed or inflated, pointed by the
sessile persistent stigma or short style. Seed suspended. — Perennial herbs.
Leaves compound.

* Flowers fioljgamous or diuccious : sepals shorter than the stamens : sfifjina elon-
gated : achenia nearly sessile, ribbed: leaves alternate, decompound: involucre
none : flowers small, panicled.

1. T. dioicum, L. Stems erect; leaves long-petioled ; leaflets thin,
roundish, crenately 5 - 7-lobcd, smooth ; flowers numerous ; sepals greenish ;
stamens and stigma filiform ; achenia sessile, or (in var. stipitatum, Torr.^
Gray) distinctly stalked. (T. rugosum & T. Carolinianum, DC.) — IMountaius
of North Carolina and northward. July -August. — Stem 1°- H° high.

2. T. debile, Buckl. Stems low (8'- 12'), procumbent or ascending, much
branched ; leaves long-petioled; leaflets small.stalkcd, rounded, crenately lobed,
smooth , flowers few on axillaiy or terminal peduncles ; achenia oblong, strongly
ribbed, short-stalked, as long as the slender style. — Rich woods, near Allenton,
Wilcox County, Alabama {Buckley). March and April. — Stems branching at
the base, slender.

3. T. Cornuti, L. Radicallcavcs long petiolcd ; stem-leaves sessile (the
common petiole wanting) ; leaflets thick, oval or oi)long, 3-lobed or entire, often
cordate, smooth, or pulicscent beneath ; sepals white ; stamens and stigma sli.nhtly
clavate ; achenia short-stalked. (T. revolutum, Z^C.) — Meadows and woods,
Florida and northward. June- August. — Stems 3° -4° high. Radical leaves
very large. Leaflets vaiying greatly iu size.

1*

6 RANUNCULACEJE. (CKOWFOOT FAMILY.)

♦ Flowers per f rt : sepals longer than the stamens: stigma short: aehcnia raised
on a stipe, iujluted, veinij : leaves ternate or bilernute, uliernulc : Jlouers few,
panicled.

4. T. Clavatum, DC. Stems slender, ppariiif^ly bianclicd, naked below;
leaves jictioled, biternate ; leaflets thin, rounded, crenatcly lobed, glaucous be-
neath; i)anielc corymbose, few- many-llowcred ; flowers small, wliitc ; aehcnia
5-10, somewhat crescent-shaped, sliort-pointcd, long-stalked. — Mountains of
North Carolina to Alabama. July. — Stems l°-2° high.

5. T. nudicaule, Schweinitz. Stem slender, naked below, sparingly
branched above ; radical leaf solitary, long-pctioled, biternate ; stem-leaves very
small, ternate ; leaflets thin, roundish, obtusely lobed, slightly cordate ; pauiclo
4-8-flo\vered ; flowers minute, greenish ; ovaries short-stalked. — Banks of the
Yadkin lliver, North Carolina. — Stem 2° high. ( »)

♦ * * Flowers pnfeet : sepals longei- than the stamens : stigma depressed.' aclienia
sessile, ribbed: stem-leaves whorkd : Jlowers umbe'ltd.

6. T. anemonoides, !RIichx. Radical leaves biternate, long-pctioled ;
leaflets oval or roundish, cordate, 3 - 5-loI)ed ; stem-leaves 2 - 3, sessile, teraatc ;
the long-stalked leaflets forming an involucre ajjparently of G-9 simple leaves;
umbel 3-6flowcred; sepals 6-10, white. — Woods, Florida to Mississippi,
and northward. April and May. — Root tuberous. Stems G'- 10' high. Flow-
ers 2' -5' in diameter.

G. TRAUTVETTERIA, Fisch. & Mcy.

Sepals 3 - .5, orbicular, imbricated in the bud, colored, caducous. Petals none.
Stamens indefinite ; filaments clavatc. Ovaries numerous, 1-ovuled. Stigma
recurved. Achenia capitate, gibbous, 4-sided, beaked by the hooked persistent
stigma. Seed erect. — Erect, perennial herbs, with alternate, palmately-lobcd
leaves, and corymbose flowers.

1. T. palmata, Fisch. & Mey. Smooth; stem (2° -4° high) simple or
sparingly branched above ; leaves uniform, reticulate, divided into 5 - 9 lanceo-
late, toothed and senate lobes; those of the root broad (4'-G'), longijetioled ;
corymb many-flowered. — JIargins of mountain streams, Georgia, Tennessee,
and northward.

7. MYOSURUS, L. Mouse-tatl.

Sepals 5-7, imiiricatcd in the bud, spuiTcd at the base. Petals 5-7, lincar-
spatulatc. Stamens 5-20: filaments filiform. Ovaries numerous, lovulcd.
Style subulate. Achenia 3-angled, imbricated on the filiform, elongated i-ccep-
tuclc. Seed suspended. — Small annuals, with linear radical leaves, and small,
solitary, 3ellowish flowen>, on a naked scape.

1. M. minimus, L Scapes 2'- G' long, longer tli.nn the leaves ; nchcnia
beakless. — Augusta, Georgia {Elliott), and westward. Ai)ril. — Fruiting spike
linear, l'-2' long.

RANUNCULACi:^. (OROWFOOT FAMILY.) 7

8. EANUNCULUS, L. Crowfoot. Buttercup.

Sepals 3 -.5, regular, herbaceous, concave, imbricated in the bud, deciduous.
Petals 3-10, diluted, flat, furnished with a pit or scale at the narrowed base.
Stamens mostly numerous. Filaments filiform. Ovaries few or numerous,
1-ovulcd. Style short, subulate. Achenia capitate, compressed, beaked with
the smooth, pei-sistent style. Seed erect. — Herbs. Leaves alternate, the radical
ones long-pctiolcd. Flowers a.xillary or somewhat corymbed, ■white or yellow.

^ 1. P< tills white, with a yellow pit at the base: achenia rufjoae.

1. B.. aquatilis, L. Stems filiform, immersed; leaves petioled, divided
into an indetinitc number of capillary segments ; flowers axillary, remote, long-
pcdundcd. (R. Pantothrix, DC.) — Slow-flowing streams in the upper districts.
July aud August. H.. — Stems 1° - 2° long. Leaves circular in outline.

§ 2. Petals yellow, icilh a small scale at the base.
* Achenia muricaie : annuals.

2. R. parviflorus, L. Silky-pubescent ; leaA'es small, the lower ones
circular, 3-!obcd, acutely-toothed ; the upper 3-partcd or entire ; flowers very
small ; petals 3-5, as long as the reflexcd sepals ; achenia narrowly margined,
pointed with the short, recurved style. {11. trachyspeiTiuis, Jul.) — "Waste places.
April and May. — Stems erect, branching from the base, 6'- 12' high. Leaves
rarely 1' wide.

3. R. muricatus, L. Nearly smooth ; lower leaves 3-lobcd, crenate ;
petals ."), longer than the calyx ; achenia pointed with the broad, straight style,
broadly margined. — Waste jilaccs around Charleston {Elliott). March -April.
Introduced. — Stem 12' - 18' high.

* * Ac] tenia smooth : chirjly perennials.
■i- Leaves undivided.

4. R. alismCDfolius, Gcyer. Smooth ; stems asccndinp;, rooting at the
lower joints; leaves lanceolate, acute, denticulate or entire ; petals longer than
the calyx ; achenia in globose heads, tumid, slender-beaked. (TI. Flammula, Ell.
&c.) — Jliuldy banks and ditches, chiefly in the upper districts. May -July.
— Stems 1° - 2° long. Leaves 2' - 4' long. Flowers 3" - 5" wide.

5. R. pusillus, Poir. Smooth ; stems several, erect ; lowest leaves ovate
or roundish, the others lanceolate or linear, entire or denticulate ; flowers mi-
nute ; petals 1 - .5, as long as the calyx ; achenia in globular heads, barely
pointed. (It. oblongifolius, Ell., a broader-leaved form.) — ^luddy banks, Geor-
gia to North Carolina and westward. March and April. — Stem G'-12' high.
Leaves 1' long. Flowers 2" wide. Stamens 5-9.

•t- -i- Leaves {at least those of the stem) ternateljj lohrd or divided.
•<-*• Petals small, not crceeding the calyx.

6. R. abortivus, L. Smooth ; lowest leaves orbicailar, cordate, undivided,
crenate, those of the stem 3 - 5-parted, with wcdge-sha])ed toothed divisions ;
the uppermost sessile, 3-paitcd ; petals shorter than the calyx ; achenia in glo-
bose heads, pointed with a very short recurved beak. — Low grounds. March
and April. — Stem 1° - 1 ^7° high.

8 RANUNCULACEiE. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.)

7. R. recurvatus, Poir. Hirsute; leaves all pctioled, 3 - 5-lobed ; the
lobes wcdgc-sliapcd, sharply toothed ; petals minute, shorter than the calyx ;
achenia in yloljosc iieads, pointed with a long and slender recurved beak. — Low
grounds. April and May. — Stem l°-2° high.

B. R. sceleratus, L. Smooth; leaves 3-partcd, with the divisions wedge-
shaped, obtusely lobed and tootlied ; tlic U])perniost sessile ; petals as long as
the calyx ; achenia in oblong or cylindrical heads, pointless. — Ditches and
swamps, Charleston (EllioU). Introduced from Europe. April and May. — Stems
thick, 1° high.

9. R. Pennsylvanicus, L. Hirsute ; leaves tcmate ; leaflets long-
stalked, 3-])arted, the divisions lanceolate, acutely lobed and toothed ; petals
shorter than tiie calyx ; achenia in oblong heads, pointed with a broad straight
beak. — Low grounds in the upper districts. June. — Stem 2° - 3° high. Pe-
tioles elongated, ^•ery hairy.

*+ ■*->■ Petals much larger than the eahjx : -achenia in (jlohose heads.

10. R. Purshii, Richardson. Stem floating ; immersed leaves divided
into vcn.' numerous capillaiy segments, cmcrscd ones reniform, 3 - 5-parted, the
lobes variously divided; sepals rcflcxed; achenia pointed with a short straight
beak. — In still water, North Caiolina and northward. jNIay - July. — Stems
2° -4° long.

11. R. repens, L. Smootli or Imiry; leaves ternatc, or the earliest ones
3-lobed ; leaflets 3-lobcd, tootlied ; achenia strongly margined, pointed with the
broad and straight or slightly-curved beak ; stems erect or prostrate, often bear-
ing long runners. — Rich soil, chiefly in the upper districts. Var. y in the river
swamps of the low country. March and April.

Var. p. hispidus. Hirsute ; stem erect ; leaves ample ; peduncles long,
with the hairs appresscd. (R. hispidus, J/jr. R. Marilandicus and tomcntosus,
Poir: the latter a form with softer pubescence.)

Var.)'. nitidus. Smooth or nearly so; stem prostrate (l°-2°long);
leaves and flowers smaller. (R. nitidus, Muhl.)

12. R. palmatus, Lll. Hirsute with appresscd hairs; leaves small (1'
wide), ternatc or 3-parted, with the divisions ovate, sparingly toothed, those of the
upper leaves lanceolate and entire ; achenia strongly margined, straight-beaked.
(R. Carolinianus, DC.) — Swamps in the pine barrens, Middle Florida to South
Carolina, rare. — April and May. Stems 1° high.

13. R. buIboSUS, L. Hairy; stem erect (1°- 1A° high) from a bnlb-liko
base ; haves ternate ; leaflets 3-i)artcd, with toothed lobes ; those of the upper
leaves lanceolate, entire; flowci-s large (I'wide); achenia pointed with a short
recurved Ix'ak. — Low grounds in the upper districts. Introduced. May.

14. R. acris, L. Ilaiiy; stem tall (2°-3°), branched above; leaves
3-parted, the divisions deeply cut into three wcdge-siiaped or lanccoliite, acutely-
toothed lobes ; the uppermost 3-|>nrt('d, with linear entire lobes ; nclienia jioinfed
with a short recurved beak. — Low waste places, sjjaringly intro(lini'<l fiom
Europe.

RANUNCULACEiG. (cilOWI'OOT FAMILY.) 9

9. CALTHA, L. Marsh Marigold.

Sepals 4-10, regular, flat, colored, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Petals
none. Stamens numerous; filaments filiform. Ovaries 5-1.5, many-ovulcd.
Stigma sessile. Follicles capitate or whorled, sessile, spreading, many-seeded. —
Perennial, smooth herbs, with cordate or reniform undivided leaves, and showy
yellow flowers.

1. C. palustris, L. var. parnassifolia, Torr. ^- Gr. Stem 1-lcaved,
1 -flowered ; radical leaves long-petiolcd, broadly reniform, sharply toothed ; se-
pals oblong. (C. ficarioides, Pursh.) — Cedar swamps, South Carolina {Pursh),
Tennessee, and northward.

10. ISOPYRUM, L.

Sepals ."5-6, regular, ovate, colored, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Petals
5 and minute, or none. Stamens numerous. Ovaries 2-20. Ovules few or
many, in 1 - 2 rows. Style short, subulate. Follicles sessile, membranaceous.
Seed horizontal. — Perennial, smooth herbs, with alternate compound leaves,
and solitary white flowers.

1. I. biternatum, Torr. &. Gr. Stem (6'- 12' high) slender, sparingly
branched ; radical leaves bitematc, on long petioles ; stem-leaves tcrnatc, nearly
sessile ; leaflets ovate and obovate, obtusely 3-lobed ; petals none ; ovaries 1 - 5 ;
follicle 2-seeded. (Enemion biternatum, Raf.) — Shady woods, West Florida
and westward. April. — Root commonly bearing small tubers. The plant re-
sembles Thalictrura anemonoides in general appearance.

11. AQUILEGIA, L. Columbine.

Sepals 5, regular, ovate, colored, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Petals 5,
prolonged downward into hollow spurs. Stamens indefinite. Filaments filiform,
elongated. Ovaries .5, many-ovuled. Follicles sessile, connivent, many-seeded,
tipped with the elongated, filiform, persistent styles. Seeds horizontal. — Erect,
perennial, branching, leafy herbs, with alternate ternately-compound leaves ;
those of the root long-pctioled. Flowers showy, nodding, solitary, or somewhat
corj-mbcd.

1. A. Canadensis, X. Stems 2° high, smooth or slightly pubescent ;
radical leaves bitemate, stem-leaves ternate, short-petioled ; leaflets roundish or
obovate, crenately loIx;d ; flowers scarlet, yellow within ; stamens and styles
exserted. — Rocky woods, West Florida and northward in the upper districts.
April and May.

12. DELPHINIUM, L. Larkspur.

Sepals .5, irregular, colored, imbricated in the bud, deciduous ; the outermost
larger, and produced backward into a hollow spur ; the others flat. Petals 4,
dissimilar ; the two upper with spurs which are received in the spur of the sepal,
the two lower stalked ; sometimes (as in the annual Larkspur) all united.
Stamens numerous, included ; filaments subulate. Ovaries 1-5, 1-celled, many-

10 KANUNCULACE^K. (cnoWl-OOT FAMILY.)

ovulcd. Style Fuliulatc. Follicles sessile, siioit-pointcd. Seeds in two rows,
horizontal. — Krect licrl)s, with alternate i)etioied and palmatcly divided leaves,
and showy flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.

1. D. azureum, Michx. Stem mostly simple, downy; leaves 3 - 5-partcd,
the divisions cleft into 3-5-lincar, toothed or entire, acute lobes ; racemes many-
flowered ; pedicels and follicles erect ; spur sli;:litly curved, twice as long as the
calyx. (D. virescens, Nttlt., with wider-lobcd leaves, and larger greenish flow-
ers ) — Rich soil, Florida and northward. May. y.. — Stems l°-2° high.
Leaves 2' - 3' wide. Sepals sky-blue, or sometimes whitish, tijiped with brown.
Lower petals 2-eleft, bearded.

2. D. tricorne, Michx. Stem simple, downy ; leaves as in No. 1 ; ra-
ceme few-flowered ; pedicels and follicles diverging ; spur straight, as long as
the calyx. — Mountains of North Carolina and northward. April and ^lay. y..
— Root tuberous. Stems 1° high. Raceme C - 12-flowered. Sepals blue.
Lower petals 2-cleft and bearded.

3. D. exaltatum, Ait. Stem tall, branching 'and hairy above; leaves
large, the lower 3 - 5-parted, the divisions cleft into 2 - 3-lanccolatc or oblong
coarsely-tootiicd lobes, the upper 3-parted with sparingly toothed or entire lobes;
racemes many-flowered; pedicels diverging; follicles erect ; spur straight, rather
longer than the calyx. — Mountains of North Carolina and northward. June-
August. y. — Stem 2° -4° high. Leaves 4'-C' wide. Sepals blue. Lower
petals 2-cleft and bearded, brownish.

D. CoNSOLiDA, L., the common annual Larkspur of the gardens, is becom-
ing naturalized in some places.

13. ACONITUM, L. INIonksiiood. "Wolfsbane.

Sepals 5, iiTCgular, colored, imbricated in the i)n(l, deciduous ; the outennost
large and helmet-shaped, the two lateral rounded, the lower smaller and ol)long.
Petals 2 or .5, the two upper long-stalked, produced backward into a short in-
curved spur, the three lower minute or wanting. Stamens numerous ; filaments
short, subulate. Ovaries 3-5, 1 -celled, many-ovuled. Style subulate. Follicles
sessile, short pointed. Seed horizontal, rugose. — Erect or trailing, perennial
herbs, with alternate, palmatcly divided leaves, and ijhowy flowers in terminal
racemes or panicles.

1. A. uncinatum, L. Stem smooth, vine-like, erect; leaves 3-.')-clcft,
with the lobes ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed ; raceme few-llowercd ; flowers
large, blue ; upper sepal helmet-shaped. — Shady banks of stirams among the
mountains and northward, rare. June and July. — Stem 2°- C° long. Leaves
rather rigid.

2. A. reclinatum, Cray. Stem smooth, reclining; leaves deeply 3 - 7-
ehft; the lobes < uncntc, acutely loollied ; racemes numerous, few - nnuiydow-
cred, flowers white ; u|)j)cr .';epal elongated-conical, soon hcconiing hoii/otifal. —
Iligli mountains of North Carolina. July and August. — Stems 4° - ti° long.
Leaves thin.

RANUNCULACE^. (cUOWJOUT I'^MILY.) 11

14. ZANTHORHIZA, MarsluUl.

Sepals 5, rcp;nlar, lanccolate-ovatc, colored, imbricated in the bud, deciduous.
Petals 5, small, glaiul-iike, 2-lobed, short-stalked. Stamens 5-10: filaments
short. Ovaries 5- 10, 1-celled, 2-ovulcd. Style subulate, incurved, at length
dorsal. Follicles sessile, gibbous. Seed solitary, pendulous. — A smooth trailing
shrub with yellow roots. Leaves pinnate, long-pctioled. Leaflets 3-5, ovate and
lanceolate-ovate, incisely lobcd and toothed from near the acute base. Flowers
small, in slender compound racemes, appearing before (below) the leaves, dark
j)urple.

1. Z. apiifolia, L'ller. — Sliady banks, Florida, and along tlic mountains
of Georgia and nortliward. March and April. — Stems 2° -3° high.

15. HYDRASTIS, L.

Sepals 3, ovate, membranaceous, colored, imbricated in the bud, caducous.
Petals none. Stamens numerous: filaments filiform. Ovaries 1 2 - 20, fleshy,
1-celled, 2-ovulcd, ripening into 1-2-secdcd, capitate, bnght crimson berries.
Style short. Stigma 2-lippcd. — Stem erect from a thick, knotted rhizoma,
simple, 1 -flowered, leafy above. Leaves broadly cordate, palmatcly 5 - 7 cleft,
the lobes toothed and sen-ate ; radical one solitary, long-petioled. Stem-leaves
2-3, the uppermost sessile under the stalked, greenish-white flower.

1 . H. Canadensis, L — Rich shaded soil along the mountains of Georgia
and Carolina, and northward. April and May. — Stem 1° high. Leaves 4'-9'
wide, hairy whcu young.

16. ACT^A, L. Baneberry.

Sepals 3 - 5, ovate, colored, imbricated in the bud, caducous. Petals 4-10,
spatulate, entire. Stamens numerous; the filaments filiform. Ovary solitaiy,
1-celled, becoming a many-seeded beny in fruit. Stigma sessile, 2-lobcd. Seed
horizontal. — Perennial herbs. Stems simple, bearing one or two twice or thrice
ternately compound leaves, and a single oval or oblong raceme of small white
flowers.

1. A. alba, Bigcl. Smooth, or nearly so ; leaves large, 2 - 3-tematc ; leaf-
lets thin, ovate or cordate-ovate, acutely toothed ; pedicels of the fruit very thick,
red ; ben-y white. (A. pachypoda. Ell.) — Rocky woods along the mountains of
South Carolina (Elliott), and northward. ]\Iay. — Plant 2° high.

17. CIMICIFUGA, L. Bugeane.

Sepals 4-5, ovate or orbicular, colored, imbricated in the bud, caducous.
Petals 1-8, small, stalked, 2-lobed. Stamens very numerous: filaments fili-
form, elongated. Ovaries 1-8, 1-ccllcd, becoming many-seeded follicles in fruit.
— Perennial herbs, with large ternately compound leaves, and white flowers in
elongated slender racemes.

* Ovary mostlij simjle : stigma large, depressed: seeds Iiorizontal, smooth.

1. C. racemosa, Ell. (Black Snakeroot.) Leaves thn(e temate;
leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, the terminal ones mostly

12 MAcAt»i.iA( i:.K. (magnoi.ia family.)

3-lobcd ; rncomcs elongated, downy ; follicle broadly ovate, sessile. — Woods in
the upper districts and northward. July. — Stem 3° - 8° liiyh. Leaflets 2' long.
Kacemes 6' -12' long. Flowers fetid.

* * Onirics 3 - 8 : stiejma minute : seeds verticnJ, chnffj.

2. C. COrdifolia, I'ursh. Leaves twice ternate ; leaflets rigid, ovate or
cordate-ovate, 2-3-lol)ed, incised and serrate; racemes panided, elongated;
follicles oblong, sessile. — Mountains of Mortli Carolina. September. — Stem
3° -4° high. (.)

3. C. Americana, Michx. Leaves thrice ternate ; leaflets tliin, ovate,
inciscly tootiicd and serrate, the tenninal one 3-clefD or 3-parted ; racemes pani-
cled, elongated; follicles obovate-oblong, slender-stalked. — Alleghany Moun-
tains, from Georgia northward. August and Sept. — Stems 3° -4° high.

Order 2. 3IAGNOLIACE^. (Magnolia Family.)

Aromatic trees or shrubs, with simple, alternate, potiolcd leaves, and
regular, solitary, hjpogynous flowers. Sepals and petals mostly simi-
lar, imbricated in three or more 'rows in the bud. Stamens distinct or
united. Anthers adnate. Ovaries numerous, imbricated or whorled,
1- 2-ovuled. Fruit fleshy, baccate, or samara-like, distinct, or confluent
in cone-like heads. Seed dry or baccate. Embryo minute, at the base
of fleshy albumen.

Synopsis.

Suborder I. 'WIXTERE.flE. Flowers perfect. Stamens numerous, scpamte. OTRries
in a single whorl, 1-ovuled, becoming coriaceous follicles iu fruit. — Kroct shrubti.
Loaves entire. Stipules none.

1. ILLICIUM. Leaves evergreen. Flowers nodding.

SoBORDER IL SCIIIZANDRE.X:. Flowers monwcious. Stamens united. Ovaries im-
bricated in a head, 2-ovuled, becoming scattered berries iu fruit. — Climbing shrubs.
Leaves deciduous, often tootiicd. Stipules none.

2. SCIIIZANDKA. Stamens 5, united into a 6-lobed disk.

Suborder I IT. ]>I AONOLIE.^. Flowers perfect. Stamens numerous, Foparnte. Ovn-
rics imbricated in a head, 2-ovuled. Fruit fleshy or soniewhat woody, in cono-liko heads
or spikes. — Chiefly trees. Leaves entire. Stipules l.irge.

3. M.\<<NOLI.\. Fruit fleshy, dehiscent, persistent on the rcceptnclr. Anthers introrse.

4. I.IIIIODENDIION. Fruit woody, induhisccnt, Bamara-like, deciduous. Anthers extrorw.

1. ILLICIUM, L. An'isk-tuee.

Flowers perfect. Sepals 3 or C. Petals 9-30, in rows of tlnve, sprcadinp.
Stamens numerous, with short filaments. Anthers introrse. Ovaries C or more
in a single wliorl, sessile, 1 -celled, l-ovidcd. Style subulate, recm-ved. Folli-
cles coria«'coiis, sprcailing, at length 2-valvcd. Seed ascending. — Smooth aniso-
Bccntcd shrubs Leaves cvcrgn-cn, entire, mostly clustered at the summit of the
liranches, pctioled. Sli|jules none. I'cduncles iu lerminul clusters, 1-flowercd,
nodding.

MAGNOLIACE^. (:\rAGNOLI.V FAMILY.) 13

1. I. Floridanum, Ellis. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; petals
20-30, lancculato and linear, widely spreading, dark purple. — Sandy swamps,
Florida and westward. May. — Shrub 6°- 10° high. Leaves somewhat fleshy.
Flowers (iat, 1' in diameter.

2. I. parviflorum, Michx. Leaves lanceolate, acute ; petals 6-12, ovate
or roundish, concave, yellow. — Southern districts of Georgia and East Florida.
May and June — Flowers smaller than in No. 1.

2. SCHIZANDRA, Michx.

Flowers monoecious. Sepals 5-6, ovate, concave, greenish. Petals 5-6,
obovate-oblong, crimson. Stamens 5 : filaments united, forming a circular, 5-
lobed disk : anthcr-cclls widely separated. Ovaries numerous; 1 -celled, 2-ovuled,
imbricated in a head, in fruit forming 1-2-seeded berries, which are scattered
on the greatly elongated filiform receptacle. — A climbing shrub ; with alternate,
oblong, membranaceous, deciduous leaves, and small loug-peduncled flowers,
from axillary buds. Stipules none.

1. S. COCCinea, Michx. Leavesacumi>iate, long-petioled,3'-4'long, often
somewhat toothed; uppermost flowers mostly staminate ; berries oval, red. —
Shady woods, Florida to South Carolina and westward. May and June. — Stem
climbing high.

3. MAGNOLIA, L. Umbrella-tree. Cucumber-tree.

Flowers perfect. Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6-9, concave, spreading, de-
ciduous. Stamens very numerous: anthers introrse. Ovaries numerous, im-
bricated, 1 -celled, 2-ovuled, forming in fruit a cone-like head of fleshy, 2-seeded,
persistent follicles, opening on the back. Seeds. berry-like, suspended by a slender
cord of spiral vessels. — Aromatic trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or clustered
at the summit of the branches. Flowers large, solitary, terminal. Stipules large,
aduate to the petiole, at length deciduous.

* Leaves perennial.

1. M. grandiflora, L. (Magnolia.) Leaves coriaceous, oblong, or ob-
ovate, smooth and glossy above, rusty-pubescent beneath, flat or concave ; petals
mostly 9, obovate, concave, clawed. — Light fertile soil in the middle and lower
districts. South Carolina and westward. April and May. — A large tree. Leaves
6'- 12' long. Flowers 6' -9' wide, white, changing to brown. Cone of fruit
oval, 3' -4' long.

2. M. glauca, L. (Sweet Bat.) Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate and
oblong, silky-i^ubescent, at length smooth above, glaucous beneath ; petals 9,
obovate, concave. — Swamps, Florida and northward. May and June. — A shrub
or small tree. Leaves mostly deciduous northward, 4' - 6' long. Flowers 2'
wide, white, very fragrant. Cone of fruit oval, 1'- Ij' long.

* * Leaves deciduous, acute at the base.

3. M. Umbrella, Lam. Leaves clustered at the summit of the branches,
obovate-oblong, acute, downy beneath, at length smooth ; petals 9, oblong-lan-

2

14 ANONACKvt:. (cUSTAUD-Ari'LK FAMILY.)

ceoliite, acute. (M. tripctala, Miclix.) — Kich soil in tlic upper districts. May
and June. — A small tree, witli incj^ular branches. Leaves 1°-1^° long, on
short petioles. Flowers 4' -6' wide, white. Coue of fruit oblong, 4' -6' long,
rose-colored.

4. M. acuminata, L. Leaves scattered, oval, acuminate, downy beneath;
petals G -9, oblong-ovate, obtuse. — Upper districts, in rich shaded soil. June
and July. — A large tree. Leaves 6' - 9' long. Plowers 3' - 4' wide, dull yellow
and greenish. Cone of fruit cylindrical, 2' - 3' long.

* * * Leaves deckhtoas, aiirlculate or cordate at the base.

5. M. cordata, Miclix. Leaves oval or roundish, slightly cordate, acute,
wliite-tluwny beneath; petals 6-9, oblong, acute. — Upper districts in rich
shaded soil. April and May. — A small tree. Leaves 4' - 6' long. Flowers 4' -
5' wide, yellow. Cone of fruit oblong, 3' long.

6. M. Fraseri, Walt. Leaves clustered at the summit of the branches,
spatulate-obovate, smooth on both surfaces, cordate and 2-earcd at the base, on
slender petioles ; petals oblong, obtuse, narrowed and unguiculatc at the base.
(M. auriculata, Zam. M. pyramitkita, Bartr.) — Rich woods,' Florida to Ten-
nessee and westward. May and June. — A small tree. Leaves 8'- 12' long.
Flowers C wide, white and fragrant.

7. M. macrophylla, Michx. Leaves clustered at the summit of the
branches, oblong-obovate, cordate or slightly eared at the base, glaucous be-
neath; petals ol)long, obtuse, the inner ^row narrower. — Shady woods in light
soil, Florida to Tennessee: rare. April and May. — A shrub or small tree.
Leaves l)°-3° long. Flowers 8'- 12' wide, white, fragrant. Cone of fruit
ovate. ,

4. LIRIODENDRON, L. Tulii'-tree. WuiTn ForLAR.

Flowers perfect. Sepals 3, reflexed. Petals 6, erect. Stamens numerous :
anthers extrorse. Ovaries numerous, imbricated, 1-celled, 2-ovuled, forming in
fruit a cone-like head of samaraiform, indehisccnt, 1 - 2-seeded, deciduous carpels.
— A large tree. Leaves angled, truncated. Stipules large, free from the petiole,
deciduous. Flowers large, terminal.

1. L. Tulipifera, Ti. Leaves smooth, on slender petioles, mostly roun<led
at the liase, sonl^what 3-lol)ed ; the middle lobe api)earing as if cut oil", leaving
a .shallow notch ; flowers l)ell-sha])ed, greenish-yellow, striped or tinged with
orange. — Low grounds, Florida and northward. May- June.

OuDKU 0. ANONACEi^^. (Ci-sTAun-AiTLK Family.)

Trees or slinilis, with simple, altcrnale and entire, feather-veined leaves,
and .'•olitary, axillary, jierl'ect, liypogynou-; Mowers. Sepals 3. IVtals 6,
in two rows, deciduous, valvatc in I he Imd. Stamens numerous. An-
thers adnalc. extrorse, on very siiort li laments. Ovaries tew or many.

MENISPERMACKJI-:. (mOONSEKD FAMILY.) 15

distinct or cohering in a mass, baccate in fruit. Seed anatropous, large.
Embryo minute, at the base of ruminated albumen.

1. ASIMINA, Adans. Papaw. Custard-Apple.

Petals thick ; the three outer ones larger and spreading. Stamens very nu-
merous, crowded on the globular receptacle. Ovaries 3 - 15, sessile, 1-cellcd,
few - many-ovuled, baccate in fruit. Seeds horizontal, enclosed in a thin succu-
lent aril. — Slu-ubs or small trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers nodding.

* Floiras appearing with or before (he leaves.
1- A. triloba, Dunal. Leaves oblong-obovate, acuminate, covered with
a rusty pubescence, as also the branches when young, at length glabrous ; outer
petals round-ovate, dark purple, 3-4 times as long as the hairy sepals. (Uvaria
triloba, 2o»t. ^- Gray.) — Banks of rivers, Florida and northward. March and
April. — A slu-ub or small tree. Leaves 8' -12' long. Flowers l'-l|' wide.
Fruit oblong, yellow and pulpy when mature, edible.

2. A. parviflora, Dunal. Leaves oblong-obovate, abruptly pointed, and
like the l)ranelics rusty-pubescent, at length smooth ; outer petals oblong-ovate,
twice as long as the calyx. (Uvaria parviflora, Torr.Sj- Gray.) — Dry sandy soil,
Florida to North Carolina and westward. March and April. — Shrub 2°- 5°
high. Leaves 4' -■ 6' long, thicker than those of the preceding. Flowers ^' wide,
rusty-pubescent, greenish-purple. Fruit oblong or peai'-shapcd, fleshy, few-
seeded.

3. A. grandiflora, Dunal. Leaves oblong or oblong-obovate, obtuse, rigid,
densely pubescent like the branches when young, becoming smoothish above ;
outer petals large, round-obovate, many times longer than the sepals ; fruit small,
obovate, 1 -few-seeded. (A. cuncata, <S/i «///.) — Sandy pine barrens, Georgia
and East Florida. March and April. — A small shrub Leaves 2' -3' long.
Outer petals two inches or more in length, yellowish-white.

* * Flowers from the axils of present leaves.

4. A. pygmsea, Dunal. Smooth or nearly so throughout ; leaves coria-
ceous, oblaneeolate or oblong-wcdgc-shapcd, obtuse ; outer petals oblong-obo-
vate, many times longer than the sepals, pale-yellow, the inner ones purple
within; fruit cyhndrical, pulpy, few-seeded. (A. secundiflora and probably A.
reticulata, Shuttl , the latter a pubescent form, with smaller (1'- 2') ol)long leaves
and smaller flowers.) — Dry pine barrens, Florida and the lower districts of
Georgia. May -July. — Shrub i°-3° high. Leaves 2'- 6' long, rarely 1' wide.
Flowers A' -3' wide.

Order 4. MENISPER3IACE^. (Moonseed Family.)

Climbing shrubby vinos, with alternate palmatcly veined and often
lobed leaves, on slender petioles, and small polygamous or dicecious flow-
ers, in axillary racemes or panicles. Stipules none. Sepals and petals
mostly alike, in two or more rows, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 6 or

16 UERDEUIDACK.K. (liAUDliURY lAMII.Y.)

more, liypogynous. Anthers 2 - 4-ccllc(l, opening longitudinally. Ova-
ries 3-8, drupaceous in fruit. Seed and embryo curved, the latter large,
in thin albumen.

Synopsis.

1. COCCULUS. ?cp.il3, pptals, and stamens 6- Anthers 4-rcllcd.

2. MEXISPEUMUM. Sepals and petals 4 -8. Stamens 12 - 24. Anthers 4-cellcd.

3. CALYCOCAKPUM. Sepals 6. PetaU none. SUmens 12. Anthers 2-celled.

1. COCCULUS, DC.

Flowers clioocious or pol3-gamous. Sepals and petals 6, each in two rows.
Stamens 6 : antlicrs 4-ccIled, ahortive in the fertile flower. Ovaries 3-6,
1-ccllcd, 1-ovuled. Stigma suhulatc, recurved. Drupe baccate, campylotropous.
Nut renifonn, rugose. Seed conformed to the cavity of the nut. Embryo semi-
circular. — Leaves ovate or slightly cordate, entire or angularly 3-lobed.

1. C. Carolinus, DC. — "Woods and thickets, Florida to North Carolina,
and westward. June -August. — Pubescent. Stem twining, to°-15° long.
Leaves very acute, rather rigid. Racemes of the fertile flowers simple, of the
sterile compound. Flowers white. Drupe red.

2. MENISPERMUM, L. Moonseed.

Flowers dioecious. Sepals and petals 4-8. Stamens 12-24: anthers
4-cellcd. Ovaries 2-4. Stigma dilated, spreading. Otlier%vise as in Cocculus.
— Leaves rounded, angular or lobcd, slightly cordate and peltate at the base.
Flowers white, panicled.

1. M. Canadense, L. — Banks of rivers, cJiicfly in the upper districts.
July. — Stem twining. Sterile panicles elongated. Drape black.

3. CALYCOCARPUM, Nutt.

Flowers dioecious. Sepals 6. Petals none. Stamens 12: anthei-s 2-celled ;
those of the fertile flower abortive. Ovaries 3, 1-ovulcd. Stigma radiate, many-
cleft. Druijc oval. Nut smooth, excavated on tlic inner face. Knd)ryo curved,
foliaccous. — Leaves round-cordate in outline, palmately 3-5-lobed. Flowere
whitish, in comjiound racemes.

1. C. Lyoni, Nutt. ( Menispermum Lyoni, Purs/i.) — Banks of tlic Apa-
lachicola River, Florida, to Tennessee. May and June. — l'ul)escent. Stem
twining 20° -50° high. Leaves 4' - 7' wide, with acuminate lobes, the lateral
lobes wavy or angled. Drupe 1' long, globose.

Oiinr.n o. BERBERIDACEyT:. (BARr.F.niiY Family.)

Herbs or shrubs, with alternate, petiolale, mostly diviib'il leaves, and
perfect, rej^ular hypopynous flowers. Sepals and petals in two or more
rows of 2-4 each, imbricated in tiie bud, deciduous. Stamens opposite

BERUKUIDACEiE. (bARUERUY FAMILY.) 17

the petals whon of the same number. Anthers 2-celled, opening by up-
lifted valves (or lengthwise in rotloiihyllum). Fruit baccate or capsular.
Embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen.

Synopsis.

* Anthers opening by uplifted valve.?.

1. BERBEUIS. Stamens 6. Leaves bristl>-.serrate. Shrubs.

2. C.VULOI'IIYLLUM. Stamens 6. Leaves compound. Herb.

3. DIIMIYLLEI.\. Stamens 6. Leaves peltate, deeply 2-cleft and lobed. Ilerb.
i. JEFFEUSOXI.\. Stamens 8. Scape 1-flowered. Leaves 2-partcd. Herb.

* ♦ Anthers opening longitudinally.
5. PODOPHYLLUM. Stamens 12 or more. Flower solitary iu the fork of the two peltate,
lobed leaves.

1. BERBERIS, L. Barberry.

Sepals 6, orbicular. Petals 6, obovate, often biglandular near the base.
Stamens 6, irritable. Stigma circular, depressed. Fruit a 1 - 9-seeded berry.
Seeds erect. — Shrubs with yellow wood. Leaves bristly serrate, often reduced
to branching spines. Flowers racemose, yellow. Berries acid.

1. B. Canadensis, Pursh. (American Barberry.) Smooth, spiny;
leaves obovate, bristly-serrate ; racemes nodding, 6 - 8-flowercd ; petals notched ;
berries oval, red. — Upper districts of Georgia and northward. May and Jimc.
— Shi-ub 2° -3° high, with dotted branches.

2. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. Blue Conosir.

Sepals 6, ovate-oblong. Petals G, tliick and gland-like, shorter than the se-
pals. Stamens 6. Style short. Stigma minute, unilateral. Ovary tliin, early
ruptured by the two growing seeds, withering. Seeds globose, dnipc-likc, stalked.
Albumen horny. — A smooth perennial herb, with large tcrnately-compound
leaves, and small yellowish-green flowers in a terminal raceme or panicle.

1. C. thalictroides, Michx. (Lconticc thalictroides, i;) — Mountains
of South Carolina (Elliott) and northward. Apiil. — Plant l°-2°high, glau-
cous when young. Eadical leaf 3-ternate, on a long petiole ; those of the stem
(mostly two) sessile, the upper one biternate. Leaflets obovate-wedge-shaped,
2 - 3-lobed. Panicle few-flowered. Seeds glaucous.

3. DIPHYLLEIA, Michx.

Sepals 6, caducous. Petals 6, oval, flat, larger than the sepals. Stamens 6.
Stigma circular, depressed, sliglitly 2-lobed. Fmit baccate, 2-4-seedcd. Seeds
erect. — A smooth perennial herb, with two large, alternate, peltate, dcejily 2-cleft,
lobed and serrate leaves, and a terminal cyme of white flowers.

1. D. cymosa, Michx. — Margins of streams on the mountains of North
Carolina. May and June. — Stem l°-2o high. Leaves otieu 2° iu diameter,
the divisions 5 - 7-lobed. Berries blue.
2*

18 CABOMBACEiE. (WATER-SHIELD FAMILY.)

4. JEFFERSONIA, Barton. Twin-leaf.

Sepals 4, petal-like, caducous. Petals 8, oblong. Stamens 8. Stigma nearly
sessile, 2;lol)cd. Capsule coriaceous, obovate, many-seeded, opening transversely
on the hack, near the summit Seeds numerous, furnislicd with a fk'.shy lacini-
ated aril. — A low stcmless perennial herb, with long-pctioled, 2-parted leaves,
and naked scajjcs, bearing a single white flower.

1. J. diphylla, Pers. — Rich shady woods, Tennessee and northward.
April. — Lobes of the leaves half-ovate, entire or toothed. Scapes 6' - 12' high.
Flowers 1' wide.

5. PODOPHYLLUM, L. Mat-Apple.

Sepals 6, caducous. Petals 6-9, obovate. Stamens twice as many (in oar
species) as the petals. Anthers opening longitudinally. Stigma large, peltate,
sessilp. Fruit baccate, many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in a pulpy aril. — A low
perennial herb, with the naked stem terminated by two large peltate, 5-9-parted,
lobed and toothed leaves, with a solitary nodding flower in the fork.

1. P. peltatum, L. (Mandrake.) — Rich woods, Florida and north-
ward. April and May. — Stems 1° high, the baiTcn ones terminated by a
single centrally peltate leaf, smooth. Leaves 4' -6' wide. Flowers 1' wide,
greenish. Berry l'-2' long, ovoid, yellow, fragrant.

Okder 6. NELU3IBIACEiE. (Nelumco Family.)

A(iuatic hcrb.«, with large circular centrally peltate floating leaves, and
solitary liypogynous flowers on long peduncles. Sepals and petals sim-
ilar, in several rows, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Stamens indefi-
nite, the slender filaments prolonged above the linear, adnate, introrse
anthers. Ovaries separate, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, imbedded in the flat sum-
mit of the large obconical torus, forming large globular nuts in fruit.
Stigma nearly sessile, peltate. Seeds suspended. Embryo large. Al-
bumen none.

1. NELUMBIUM, Juss. Nelumbo.

Characters of the order.

1. N. luteum, AVilld. (Water Ciiinquepin.) —Lakes and still water,
Florida, near Tallahassee, and northward and westward. Not conmion. July.
— Khi/.oma large, creeping. Leaves l°-2° wide, depressed in the centre
Flowers 5' - 6' wide, pale yellow. Aj»pendage of the anthers linear.

Order 7. CABOMBACE^E. (Water-shield Family.)

Aquatie perennial herbs, with peltate or dissected leave.<», and .Military
hypogynous flowers on long a.xiliary peduncles. Sepals 3-4, colored

NY.Airil^ACIwK. (WATEU-I.ILY I'AMILY.) 19

Inside. Pitals 3-4, •wlthcrmg-pcrsistent.^ Stamens 6-18 : anthers ad-
iiate, c'xtrorjc. Ovaries 2-18. Ovules suspended. Capsule indehisccnt,
1-3-seeueJ. Embr\o minute, at the base of lleshy albumen.

1. CABOMBA, Aublct.

Sepals and petals 3. Stamens 6. Ovaries 2-4. Capsule 1 - S-scederl. —
Stems filiform, branching. Submerged leaves opposite, divided into numerous
filiform (hittcncd segments ; floating ones peltate, entire. Flowers small, in tiie
axils of the floating leaves.

1. C. Caroliniana, Gray. Floating leaves oWong-Iincar ; flowers wlnte.
("eetris acpiatica, Nutt.) — Ponds and stUl water, Florida to >v'ortli Carolina, and
westward. June - August. — Stems 2° - 4° long.

2. BJIASENIA, Schreber. Water-shield.

Sepals 3-4, purple inside. Petals 3-4, linear, persistent. Stamens 12-18:
antliers cxserted. Ovaries 4-18. Capsule 1-2-secdcd. — Leaves all peltate
and entire, alternate, oval, on long petioles. Flowers axillary, on elongated
peduncles, dull purj)le.

1. B. pcltata, Pursh. (Ilydropcltis purpurea, jV/c/ix.) — Ponds and slow-
flowing stream;:, Ilorida and northward. July. — Stem, petioles, and lower
surface of the leaves coated with a gelatinous, viscid exudation. Leaves 2' - 3'
wide.

OuDKU 8. NYMPHy'EACEiE. (Watkk-Lily Family.)

Aquatic licrbs, witli peltate or cordate, entire, floating leaves, and soli-
tar)' white or yellow flowers on long peduncles. Sepals 4 - G, colored
inside. Petals numerous, hypogynous or perigynous, imbricated in the
bud. Stamens numerous. Ovary many-celled. Ovules numerous, in-
serted on the partitions. Stigmas radiate or peltate. Fruit baccate,
many-seeded. Embryo included in a sac at the extremity of farinaceous
albumen.

1. ITYMPH^A, Toum. Water-Lily.

Sepals 4, green outside. Petals oblong, inserted into the thin torus which
envelops tlie ovary, the inner ones passing hito stamens. Stamens numerous,
inserted above tlic petals, the outer ones petaldikc : anthers adnatc, introrse.
Ovary many-celled. Stigmas as many as the cells, linear, radiating around a
globular central gland. Berry globose. Seed enclosed in a membranaceous
aril. — Leaves orbicular, cleft at the base to the centre, floating. Flowers on
elongated, often spiral peduncles.

1. "N. odorata, Ait. (Poxd-Lily.) Phizoma large, creeping; leaves
6' -12' wide, entire, the sinus narrow and tlie lobes acute, or else with an open

20 SAnUACKNlACE.E. (riTCIlKU-rLANT FAMILY.)

sinus and obtuse lobes. (N. rcnifomiis. Wall.) — Ponds and still water, Florida
and nortbward. May -June. — Flowers white, 2' -4' wide, fragrant, expanding
in the morning. Petioles and peduncles oceasionally villous.

2. NUPHAR, Smith. Yellow Water-Li ly

Sepals 5-6, obovatc, yellow. Petals 10-20, stamen-Iikc, hypogynous. Sta-
mens numerous, at length recurved, persistent. Ovary cylindrical, many-celled.
Stigma sessile, circular. Bcny oblong. Seeds smooth, without arils. — Leaves
cordate or sagittate, floating or erect. Flowers yellow, erect

1 N. advena, Alt. (Bonnets. SrATTERDOCK.) Leaves thickish,
cordate, smooth or downy beneath, often emersed and erect, on stout petioles ;
sepals 6, the outer ones rounded ; petals numerous, thick and fleshy, truncate. —
In still water, common, flowering through the summer.

2. !N. sagittsefolia, Pursh. Leaves thin, floating, on slender petioles, ob-
long, sagittate, smooth ; lobes at the base expanding ; sepals 6 ; petals trans-
formed into stamens. — In still water near the coast, Georgia to North Carolina ;
rare. June- August. — Leaves 1° long, 2' wide.

Order 9. SARRACENIACEiE. (Pitcher-Plant Family.)

Perennial marsh herbs, with hollow pitcher or trunipot-shaped leaves,
and a nalccd or bractcd scape, bearing few or solitary nodding hypogynous
flowers. Sepals 5, colored, persistent. Petals 5, imbricated in the bud,
deciduous, rarely wanting. Stamens numerous : anthers adnate, introrse.
Ovary 5-celU'(l, many-ovuled. Placentic central. Style single, 5-clcft, or
umbrella-shaped. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded. Embryo minute at the
base of fleshy albumen.

■ 1. SARHACSNIA, L. Trumpet-leaf. Side-Saddle Flower.

Calyx 3-br.acted. Petals obovatc, drooping or incurved. Stylo umbrella-
shaped, 5-angled ; the angles emarginate, and bearing the minute hooked stig-
mas beneath. Capsule globose, rough, loculicidally 5-valved. — Scape bractless,
l-(lowcrcd. Flowers large, pur])lc or yellow. Leaves 1-wiugcd, hairy within,
and usually containing water and dead insects.

* Flowers purj^h.

1- S. purpurea, L. (Huntsman's Cup.) Leaves short, spreading, the
tube inflated, contracted at the throat, broadly winged ; lamina reniform, erect,
hairy within, often purple-veined. — Mossy swamps, Florida and norlhwurd.
April and May. — Leaves 4'-C' long. Scapes 1° high.

2. S. Psittacina, .Miehx. (PARROT-nEAKKn Pitcher-Plant.) Leaves
short, spreading; tube slender, broadly winged, marked with white spots, and
reticulated witli purple veins ; lamina globose, inflated, incurved-beaked, almost
closing the orifice of the tube. — Pine barren swanijjs, Florida and Georgia.
Ajiril and May. — Leaves 2' -4' long. Scajjcs 1° higii.

rAPAVERACEiE. (POPPY FAMILY.) 21'

3. S. rubra, "Walt. (Red-flowered Trumpet-leaf ) Leaves elon-
gated, ei-ect, slender, narrowly winged, paler above, and reticulated with purple
veins ; lamina ovate, erect, beak-pointed, tomcntose within ; flowers reddish-
purple. — Sandy swamps in the middle districts, Georgia to North Carolina and
westward. May. — Leaves 10' -18' long, shorter than the scapes.

4. S. Drummondii, Croom. Leaves elongated, erect, trumpet-shaped,
narrowly winged ; lamina erect, rounded, short-pointed, hairy within, and like
the upper portion of the tube white, variegated with reticulated purple veins. —
Pine barren swam])s, Florida to the middle districts of Georgia and westward.
April. — Leaves 2° long. Scapes longer than the leaves. Flowers 3' wide.

* * Flowers yellow.

5. S. flava, L. (TRrMPET-LEAF. Watches.) Leaves largo, erect,
trumpet-shaped, narrowly winged ; lamina yellow, erect, orbicular, slender-
pointed, tomcntose within, reddish at the base, or reticulated with purple veins.

• — Low pine ban-ens, Florida to North Carolina and westward. April and May.
— Leaves yellowish, 2° long. Lamina 3' - 4' wide. Scapes as long as the leaves.
Flowers 4'- 5' wide.

6. S. variolai'is, ^lichx. (Spotted Trumpet-leaf.) Leaves erect,
trumpet-shaped, broadly winged, spotted with wliite near tlic yellowish summit ;
lamina ovate, concave, arcliing over the orifice of the tube, hairy and reticulated
with purple veins witliin. — Low pine ban-ens, Florida to North Carolina and
westward. May. — Leaves 6'- 12' long, longer than the scapes. Flowers 2'
wide.

Order 10. PAPAVERACE^E. (Poppy Family.)

Herbs with colored juice, alternate exstipulate leaves, and solitary hy-
pogynous flowers. Sepals 2-3, caducous. Petals 4-12, imbricated in
the bud, deciduous. Stamens numerous. Anthers introrse. Ovary
1-celled, with parietal placentas. Capsule many-seeded. Embryo mi-
nute, at the base of oily or fleshy albumen.

1. ARGEMOIO!, L. Mexican Poppy.

Sepals 2-3, hooded or horned. Petals 4-8. Stigmas 4-7, free, radiate.
Capsule oblong-obovate, hispid, opening at the summit by 3-6 valves, which
separate from the filiform persistent placentJE. Seeds globular, crested, pitted. —
Glaucous herbs with yellow juice, sessile, pinnatifid, bristly leaves, and showy
white or yellow flowers.

1. A. Mexicana, L. Annual; leaves pinnatifid-lobed, bristly and prickly,
blotched with white ; flowers white or yellow ; calyx bristly. — Waste places,
apparently native in South Florida. April and May. — Stem branching, 1^-2-
high.

22 FUMAUIACE.E. (FUMITORY FAMILY.)

2. SANGUINARIA, L. Puccoon. BLOOD-nooT.

Sepals 2. Petals 8-12. Stigmas 2. Capsule 2-valvcd, the valvcr. separat-
ing from the filiform persistent placentae. Seeds crested — A stcmlcss peren-
nial herb, witli oranirc-colored juice. Rhizoma thick. Leaves ronifonn, with
.5-7 wavy or toothed lobes. Flowers white, solitary at the summit of the naked
scape, fujracious.

1 S. Canadensis, L. — Pich woods, Florida and northward. March. —
Scape 4'-C' high. Flowers 1' wide, appearing with the leaves.

The Corn-Poppy (Pap.vver dubium, L.) is occasionally met with in grain
fields and around dwcllinirs.

Order 11. FUMARIACEiE. (Fumitory Family.)

Smooth herbs with watery juice, alternate compound dissected leaves,
without stipules, and irregular flowers. Sepals 2. Petals 4 ; the two outer
crone of them spurred or gibbous at the base ; the two inner callous at the
apex, and cohering over the stigma. Stamens G, commonly united in two
setsof tin-eg each, jjlaccd opposite the outer petals, hypogynous: anther of
the middle stamen 2-celIed, of the lateral ones 1-celled. Capsule 1-cellcd
and 2-valvcd, with two parietal placental, or 1-sccdcd and indffiiscent.
Embryo minute in fleshy albumen.

Synopsis.

1. ADLUMTA. Pet-ils united, persistent. — A tender vino.

2. DICENTHA. Petals connivent, deciduous | tlie two outer ones gibbous at the base. Stcm-

lcss herbs.

3. COIIYDAMS. Petals distinct, deciduous, one of the outc 'tea gibbous at tho base

Caulescent herbs.

1, ADLUMIA, Paf.

Sepals minute. Petals united, free at the summit; the two outer ones gibbous
at the base, withering-persistent. Capsule linear-oblong, 4- 8-sceded. Seeds
rcniform, not crested. Stigma 2-crestcd. — A smooth biennial vine. Leaves bi-
tcrnate, with tendril-like petioles. Flowers pale violet, in a.\illary and droojiing
pani'xs.

1 A. cirrhosa, Paf. (Corydalis fungosa, TV7)^) — Moimtains of North
Carolina :iiul nnriliward. July- September. — Stem 8°-15° long. Leaflets
thin, obovate, a-.'i-lobed. Corolla tliiek and spongy.

2. DICENTRA, Pork. Dutchman's PnicEcnKS.

Sepnls minute. Petals conniving, but scarcely united, deciduous or withering ;
the two outer ones xpuned or gibbous at the l)ase. Fila?nents slightly niiiicd
in two Bct«. Stigma 2-cj-cstod. Capsule 10-20-8Ccded. Seeds crested. —

CKUCIKKR^. (mustard FAMILY.) 23

Stemlcss pcrenniiil licrbs, with tcrnatcly-compound and dissected leaves. Flow-
ers racemose, nodding.

1. D. Cucullaria, T)C. Khlzoma granular, bulb-like ; scape simple,
4-10-flo\vca'd, longer than the (1-3) long-pctioled linear-lobed leaves ; corolla
whitish, with two divergent, wing-like spurs, longer than the pedicel ; inner petals
minutely crested. — Rich woods, North Carolina and northward. April. —
Scape G'-9' high.

2. D. eximia, T>C. Rluzoma granular, scaly ; raceme compound, niany-
flowercd, shorter than the (3-8) oblong-lobcd leaves; corolla rose-color, 2-gil)bous
at the base ; inner petals conspicuously crested ; stigma 2-horned at the apex. —
Mountain rocks. North Carolina and northward. Juno -September. — Scape
8' -12' high. Bracts purplish.

3. CORYDALIS, Vent.

Sepals minute. Petals separate, deciduous ; one of the outer ones sac-like
at the base. Filaments united nearly to the summit, with a gland at the base.
Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule many-seeded. Seed crested. — Caulescent, annual or
biennial herbs, with bipinnate dissected kavcs, and flowers in lateral and termi-
nal racemes.

1. C. aurea, Willd. Stems diffuse ; racemes simple ; capsule knotted,
drooping ; crest of the seeds scalloped ; flowers yellow. — Banks ot the Apa-
lachicola River (and as an annual M'ecd in gardens), Florida to Mississippi
and northward. March and April. — Stems C'-12' long. Leaves hnely dis-
sected.

2. C. glauca, Pursh. Stems erect ; racemes compound ; capsule even,
erect, crest of the seeds entire, flowers whitish, tinged with yellow and reddish.
— Mountains of North Carolina and northward. May. — Plant glaucous, 1° - 2°
high. Divisions of the leaves coarser than the last.

Order 12. CRUCIFER^. (Mustard Family.)

Herbs with pungent watery juice, alternate exstipulate leaves, and reg-
ular hypogynous racemose or corymbose flowers, on bractless pedicels.
Fruit a silique or silicle. — Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals 4, regular, placed
opposite each other in pairs, their spreading limbs forming a cross. Sta-
mens 6 (rarely fewer), two of them shorter. Capsule 2-celled by a mem-
branaceous partition which unites the two marginal placentas, from which
the two valves sepai-ate at maturity, or indehiscent and nut-like, or sepa-
rating into 1-seeded joints. Seeds campylotropous, -without albumen,
filled with the large embryo, which is curved or folded in various ways, or
straight only in Leavenworthia. (Tlie genera are distinguished chiefly
by the fruit and seed ; the flowers being nearly similar throughout the
order.)

24 cruciferjE. (mustard family.)

• Synopsis.

I, STLIQUOSiE. Fruit a silique, few -many-seeded.

• Cotyledons flattened, parallel with the partition, one edge applied to the ascending ndlele

(accumbent).
■t- Valves of the fruit nerveless.

1. NASTURTIUM. Silique short, nearly tereto. Seeds iu two rows in each cell.

2. lODAXTUUS. Silique elongated, terete. Seeds in a single row in each cell.

3. CAKDAMINE. Silique linear, compressed. Seeds wingless, in a single row.,

4. DKXTAKIA. Silique lanceolate, cnmpressed. Seeds wingless, in a single row.

5. LEAVEN WOUTIUA. SiUque oblong. Seeds winged. Embryo strtdght.

-4- *- Valves of the fruit 1-nerved.

6. ARAI5IS. SiUque linear, elongated : valves flattened.

• • Cotyledons flat, with one edge turned toward the partition, and the back of one of them

applied to the ascending radicle (incumbent).

7. PTSYMBRIUM. Silique sessile, nearly terete.

8. WAllEA. Silique stalked, compressed. Petals on long claws.

II. SILICULOSiE. Fruit a silicic.

» Siliclo compressed parallel with the broad partition, or globular.
I- Cotyledons accumbent.

9. DRAI5A. Silicle oval or oblong, many seeded valves 1 - 3-nerved.

10. YESICAKIA. Silicle orbicular, few-seeded : valves nerveless.

■t- -t- Cotyledons incumbent.

11. CAMELI^'A. Silicle obovoid : valves 1-nerved.

• * Silicle compressed contrary to the narrow partition. Cotyledons incumbent, rarely

accumbent.

12. SEXERIERA. Valves of the silicle globular, rugose : seeds sohtary.

13. LEl'lDIUM. Valves of tbe silicle boat-shaped : seeds solitary.

14. CAl'SELLA. Valves of the silicle boat-shaped : seeds numerous.

III. LOMENTACEiE. Fruit separating transversely into joints.

16. CAKILE. Fruit 2-jointed.

1. NASTURTIUM, R. Br. "Water-Cress.

Silique nearly terete, linear or oblong, or short and siliolc-likc, usually carved
upward ; tlic valves ncri'cless. Seeds numerous, small, in two rows in caeh cell,
not margined. Cotyledons accumbent. — Herbs. Leaves pinuately-lobcd. Flow-
ers white or yellow, small.

1. N. tanacotifolium, Hook. & Am. Smooth; stems diffuse; leaves
pinnately (livi(h(l, with pinuatifid or toothed lobes ; silique oblong-hnear, pointed
with the short style, twice as long as the pedicel. (Sisymbrium, Walt. S. Wal-
t( ri, /-,'//.) — Damp soil. East Florida to South Carolina, and westward. March
and April. — Stems 6'- 12' long. Flowers minute, yellow.

2. N. sessiliflorum, Nutt. Smooth; stem stout, erect, branching; leave*
oblong oliovatf, ]iiniiiiti(i(l toward the base, toothed above, obtuse ; silique linear-
oblong, poinl'-d with the very short and thick style, four or five times as long an
the pedicel. — Hanks of the Apaiachicola River, Florida and westward. Febru-
ary - April. (C; — Stem 1° - 2° hi-h. Flowers minute, yellow.

crucifer;e. (mustard family.) 25

3. N. palustre, DC. Smooth or hairy ; stem erect, branchinj^ ; leaves
clasping, piunatiliJ, with toothed lobes ; siiique short, ovate or oblong-ovate,
pointed with tiic distinct and rather slender style, barely half as long as the
spreading pedicel. — "Wet places, North Carolina and westward. June -August,
— Stem l°-2° high. Flowers small, yellowish.

4. N. lacustre, Gray. Smooth ; stem sparingly branched ; immersed
leaves j)inn:itely divided into very numerous capillary segments, cmersed ones
lanceolate, serrate ; siliquc 1-celled, obovate, pointed with the slender style, shorter
than the spreading pedicel. — Rivers and cool springs. West Florida, thence
northward and westward. July. — Stem l°-3° long. Flowers conspicuous,
white.

5. N. oflB^cinale, R. Br. (Water-Cress.) Stems spreading and root^
ing ; leaves pinnate, with the leaflets roundish or oblong and nearly entire ;
siliquc linear (6" -8" long), on slender spreading pedicels; petals white,
twice the length of tlie calyx — Ditches, &c., Florida and northward. Intro-
duced.

2. lODANTHUS, Torr. & Gray.

Siiique linear, elongated, terete ; the valves nerveless. Seeds in a single row
in eacli cell, not margined. Cotyledons accunibent. Claws of the violet-purple
petals longer than the calyx. — A smooth j)erennial, with ovate-oblong pointed
and toothed leaves, the lowest sometimes lyrate-pinnatifid, and showy flowers
in paniclcd racemes.

1. I. hesperidoides, Toit. & Gray. (Ilesperis pinnatifida, Wichx.) —
Banks of rivers, Tennessee and northward. May and June. — Stem l°-3°
high. Pods 1 ' or more long, curving upward.

3. CARDAMINE, L.

Siiique linear, flattened ; the valves nerveless, usually opening elastically from
the base. Seeds several, wingless, disposed in a single row in each cell, sus-
pended by filiform stalks. Cotyledons accumbent. — Herbs. Leaves often un-
divided Flowers purple or white.

* Perennials.

1. C. rotundifolia, DC. Smooth; root fibrous; stem erect, simple,
soon bearing from the root or upper axils long and leafy runners ; leaves oval
or orbicular, often cordate, wavy or toothed, the lowest long-petioled and some-
times sparingly pinnatifid ; siiique subulate, spreading ; seeds oval. — Cool
springs, in the upper districts and northward. May and June. — Stem 6' -12'
high. Runners at length 2° - 3° long. Flowers conspicuous, white.

2. C. rhomboidea, DC Smooth ; root tuberous ; stem simple, erect,
without runners ; leaves long-petioled, round-cordate, with wavy margins ; the
uppermost oblong-ovate, toothed, sessile ; siiique linear-lanceolate, pointed with
the slender style; seeds round-oval. — Cool springs, West Florida and north-
ward. April and May. — Stem 12'- 18' high. Flowers white, larger than in
No. 1.

3

26 CRUClFEKili. (mustard FAMILY.)

* * Annuals.

3. C spathtllata, Michx " Rivdlcal leaves pctiolate, spathulatc, entire,
pubescent witli braneliing liairs ; stem-leaves linear Stem decumbent, silique
linear, straight, spreading and slightly reflcxcd, pointed with the sessile stigma."
{DC.) — High mountains of Carolina (Michaux). ( •)

4. C. Ludoviciana, Hook. Low; stems branching and hairy at the
base ; leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid with numerous oblong or linear sparingly
toothed lobes, those of the root tufted ; silitiuc broadly linear, erect-spreading,
poiiucd with the sessile stigma; seeds orbicular, margined. — Waste places near
dwellings, Florida to North Carolina and westward. March and April. — Stems
4' -6' high. Flowers small, white.

5. C. hirsuta, L. Smooth or hairy ; stem erect (l°-2° high), branching;
leaves pinnatifid, with numerous oval or oblong sparingly toothed lobes, those
of the upper leaves linear and entire ; silique narrow-linear, erect, pointed with
the nearly sessile stigma; seeds oval, minute, marginless — Var. Virginica.
(C. Virginica, Michx.) Smaller (6'-10' high); lobes of the leaves linear or
filiform. — "Wet (the variety in dry) .soil, Florida and northward. March and
April. — Flowers small, white.

4. DENTARIA, L. TooTiiwonr.
Silique lanceolate, flattened. Seeds ovate, disposed in a single row in each
cell, on flattened stalks, not margined. — Perennial herbs, with creeping fleshy
roots, and simple stems, bearing at the summit 2-3 palmatcly-divided leaves,
and a single raceme of large white or purple flowers. Kadical leaves on long
petioles.

1. D. diphylla, Michx. Root not jointed ; stem-leaves 2, opposite or near-
ly so, ternately divided; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed;
those of the root similar ; racemes many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flow-
ers white. — Rich shady woods, along the mountains and northward. April. —
Stem 8' -12' high. Root pungent.

2. D. laciniata, Muhl. Root jointed ; stem-leaves mostly 3, wliorled,
ternately divided ; leaflets lanceolate or linear, lobed and toothed ; the lateral
ones 2-parted, those of the root similar or sometimes wanting; racemes few-
many-flowcrcd, often shorter than the leaves ; flowers white or pale pur))le. —
Banks of rivers in shady places, Florida and northward. Feb. -April. — Stem
4'- 12' high.

3. D. heterophylla, Xntt. Root jointed; stem-loaves 2, small, ojipositc,
3-parted ; leaflets linear, tootlnMl or entire ; root-leaves tcrnate, with large ovate
crcnately-loI)ed and toothed leaflets; racemes few-flowered; flowers rather small,
purple. — Shady woods. North Carolina and northward. April. — Stem 6'- 12'
high.

4. D. multiflda, Mnhl. Root tuberous ; stcm-lcavcs mostly 3, wliorled,
2 -3-temat(ly divided into very narrow segments ; flowers white. — Sha<ly woods
in the upper districts, Alabama and northward. Stems 6'- 8' liigii. Leaves
often as finelv divided as tiioso of the Carrot, sometimes appi-oaehing some of
the finnis of No. 2, but with smaller flowers, and longer i)etioles and pedicels.

CRUCIFKRyK. (lILSTAUD lA.MlI.Y.) 27

6. LEAVENWORTHIA, Torr.

Siliquc oblong or oblong-linear, compressed, often contracted between the
seeds. Seeds in a single row in each cell, orbicular, flat, winged. Embryo
straight or nearly so. — Small annual or biennial herbs, with short 1 -few-flow-
ered stems, pinnatifid leaves, and yellow, white, or purplish flowers, on elongated
pedicels.

1 . L. aurea, Torr. Leaves mostly radical, with 4-8 oblong toothed lobes,
the terminal one larger and rounded; raceme at length 4 - 1 0-flowered ; style
manifest ; embryo straight. — On flat rocks in the upper districts of Alabama
and westward. — Plant 2' - 6' high. Flowers yellow.

2. L. Miehauxii, Torr. Leaves as in Xo. 1 ; flowers mostly solitary, on
radical i)eduncles ; style almost none ; embryo slightly curved. (Cardamine uni-
flora, Miclix.) — Rocks, Alabama and Tennessee. — Flowers purplish or white.

6. ARABIS, L.

Silique elongated, linear, flattened ; valves 1-nerved. Seeds numerous, in a
single row in each cell, roundish, usually winged or margined. Cotyledons ac-
cumbent. — Chiefly annual or biennial herbs. Eadieal leaves mostly pinnatifid ;
those of the stem sessile and often cordate or sagittate at the base. Flowers
white or rose-colored, in terminal racemes.

1 . A. llirsuta, Scop. Kough-hairy ; stems mostly simple, erect, rigid,
very leafy; radical leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, mostly entire; those of the stem
lanceolate or oblong, clasping, sparingly toothed; silique pedicellcd, narrow-
linear, erect, pointed with the sessile stigma ; seeds narrow-margined. — Eocky or
sterile soil, Tennessee and northward. May. Q) — Stems l°-2° high, often
several from one root. Leaves j'-l' long. Flowers small, the greenish-white
petals rather longer than the calyx.

2. A. patens, Sulliv. Downy with spreading hairs, erect (l°-2° high) ;
stem-leaves oblong-ovate, acntish, coarsely toothed or the uppermost entire, half-
clasping by the heart-shaped base ; petals (bright-white) twice the length of the
calyx ; pedicels slender, spreading ; silique slender and curving upward, tipped
with a distinct style. — Rocky banks near Nashville, Tennessee, and northward.
May. — Silique 1 i' - 2' long.

3. A. dentata, Torr. & Gray. Pubescent and roughish ; stems slender,
diffusely branched, erect or ascending ; leaves obtuse, unequally and sharply
toothed, the lowest (2' -5' long) oblong-obovate, tapering into a slender petiole;
the others smaller, oblong, clasping and auriculate at the base ; racemes at length
elongated; siliques scattered, narrow-linear, widely spreading, on short ])edicels ;
petals whitish, scarcely exceeding the calyx. — Tennessee and northward. May.
— Plant about 1° high. Silique 1' long.

4. A. lyrata, L. Stem smooth, branching from the base ; radical leaves
tufted, pinnatifid, ciliate, those of the stem linear or lanceolate and entire ; siliquo
pedicelled, very nairow, erect-spreading, pointed with the short style ; seeds with-
out margins. — Mountains of North Carolina and northward. April -June. —
Stems 4'- 10' high. Flowers white, the petals twice the length of the calyx.

28 CRUCIFERiE. (mustard FAMILY.)

5. A. Canadensis, L. Stem stout, simple, nearly smooth nhovc ; leaves
thin, downy, liuici'olate, sli|;'htly toothed, sessile hy a luirrow base, the lowest
coarsely or pinnatiful-toothcd ; siliqiies curved, droopiiifr, on rou<;h pedicels;
seeds winj;ed. (A. falcata, Michx.) — Dry or rocky places in the up])er districts.
M.iy and June. — Stems 2° -3° high. Siliquc 2' -3' long. Flowers white.
Petals olilong-linear, not twice the length of the hairy calyx.

6. A. laevigata, DC. Smooth and glaucous ; stem erect ; leaves linear
or lanceolate, entire or sparingly tootlied, sagittate and clasping at the base ;
pedicels short; petals (whitish) narrow, slightly exscrted ; silicjue elongated,
narrow-linear, recurved -spread ing ; seed winged. — Koiky places, North Caro-
lina, Tennessee, and northward. May. — Stem I°-2° high. Siliquc 2' -3'
long.

7. SISYMBRIUM, L. Hedge-Mustard.

Siliquc linear or oblong, terete or somewhat angled, with 1 -3-nerved valves.
Beeds in a single row in each cell, oblong, marginless. Cotyledons linear-oblong,
incumbent. — Herbs with simple or pinnatcly divided leaves. Flowers in ra-
cemes, small, white or yellow.

1. S. canescens, Nutt. Pubescent and somewhat hoary ; stem simple or
sparingly branclied ; leaves bi])innatitid, with small mostly toothed lobes ; ra-
cemes at length elongated ; siliquc shorter than the spreading pedicel. (Carda-
mine"? multifida, DC.) — Waste ground, Florida, northward and westward.
March and A]m\. (j) — Stem l°-2° high. Flowers small, greenish-white.

2. S. Thaliana, Gaud. Stem slender, branching, hairy at the base ; leaves
hairy, toothed or entire, the lowest obovate or oblanccolate, tiifted, the others
small and scattered ; siliqucs linear, erect-spreading, twice as long as tlie pedi-
cels. — Rocks and sterile soil, Georgia and northward. Introduced. March
and April, g; — Stem 4' - 8' high. Flowers white.

3. S. oflB.cinale, Scop. Stem tall (2°-.*}°), branching, and with the run-
cinatc leaves jiubcscent ; siliquc subulate, nearly sessile, appressed to the rachis.
— Waste grounds in the upper districts, and northward. Introduced. May-
Scpt. (X — Flowers pale yellow.

8. WAREA, Nutt.

Siliquc linear, flattened, long-stalked, recurved; the valves 1-ncrvcd. Seeds
in a single row in each cell. Cotyledons oblong, flat, incumbent. — Smooth
and crcct branching annuals. Leaves entire. Flowers showy, in corymb-like
racemes. Petals long-clawcd, white or purple.

1. W. amplexifolia, Xutt. Leaves oval and slightly clasping; petals
oval, bright-pur](ii' ; sili<itie linear. — Sand hills, Florida. Septeinl)er. — Stem
lo-2° high.

2. W. CUnoifolia, Xutt. Leaves wcdgc-lanccolatc; petals obovate, white
or rarely piirpi'' ; Mli(|iii' niirrow-linear. — Sand hills, Florida and Georgia.
Scpt<;ml.(r. — Stem l"-ii° hipii.

CIvUCIFERiE. (mustard FAMILY.) 29

9. DRABA, L.

Silicic oblong or oval, flattened parallel with the broad partition. Seeds nu-
merous in two rows in each cell, compressed, wingless. Cotyledons accumbent.

— Small herbs with entire or tootiied leaves, and yellow or white flowers iu ter-
minal racemes.

§ 1. DTIAB A. — Petals entire.

1. D. brachycarpa, Nutt. Annual; minutely downy ; stems leafy, sim-
ple or branched ; radical leaves round-ovate, stalked, those of the stem oblong-
linear ; siliele oval, as long as the ])edicel. — Middle districts of Georgia, in dry
soil, and westward. March and April. — Stem 2' - 6' high. Silide 2"- 3" long.
Flowers white.

2. D. Caroliniana, "Walt. Annual ; stems leafy and hispid at the base,
smooth above ; leaves tufted, spatulate-obovate, hispid ; silicic linear-oblong,
two or three times as long as the pedicel. — Sandy fields, Georgia and north-
ward. Februaiy - April. — Stems 1'- 3' high. Silicle 4" -6" long. Flowers
white.

3. D. cuneifolia, Nutt. Annual ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped, or the
lowest spatnlate, toothed ; raceme somewhat elongated in fruit ( 1' -3'), at length
equalling the naked peduncle ; petals emarginate, much longer than the calyx ;
silicles oblong-linear, minutely hairy, longer than the horizontal pedicels. — West
Florida (Nuttull) and westward. March and April.

4. D. ramosissima, Desv. Perennial ; stems diffuse, pubescent ; leaves
linear-lanceolate or the lowest oblanceolate and crowded, coarsely toothed ; ra-
cemes corymbose-branched ; silicle lanceolate, flat, twisted, hairy ; style slender.

— Mountains of North Carolina and northward. April and May. — Stems
4'- 8' long. Flowers white.

§ 2. EROPIIILA. — Petals 2-cleft.

5. D. verna, L. Stems naked, slender (2' -4' high) ; leaves radical, ob-
long ; silicles oblong, smooth, shorter than the pedicels, scattered ; flowers small,
white. — Waste jolaces, chiefly in the upper districts. Introduced. (I).

10. VESICARIA, Lam.

Silicle globular and inflated, or more or less flattened parallel to the orbicular
partition ; the hemispherical or convex thin valves nerveless. Seeds few or sev-
eral, flat. Cotyledons accumbent. Filaments toothless. — Low herbs, pubescent
or hoary with stellate hairs. Flowers mostly yellow.

1. V. Lescurii, Gray. Somewhat pubescent, but green ; stems dif-
fusely ascending from a biennial root ; leaves oblong or oval, sparingly toothed,
those of the stem half-clasping by a sagittate base ; racemes elongated, many-
flowered ; pedicels ascending ; filaments inflated at the base ; style half the
length of the hispid orbicular or broadly oval flattened silicle ; seeds wing-mar-
gined, one to four in each cell. — Hills near Nashville, Tennessee. April and
May. — Flowers golden yellow.
3*

30 CRUCIFERiE. (mustard FAMILY.)

11. CAMELINA, Crantz.

Silicic ovoid or pear-shaped, flattened parallel to the broad partition ; valves
1-ncrved. Seeds numerous, oblong. Cotyledons incumbent. Style slender. —
Flowers small, yellow.

1. C. sativa, Crantz. Leaves altematc, sagittate; silicic large. — Fields,
North Carolina, and northward. Introduced. Q).

12. SENEBIERA, Toir.

Silicic didymous, compressed contrary to the narrow partition ; the cells glol>-
ular, 1 -seeded, crested or pitted, indehisccnt, at maturity separating from the par-
tition. Cotyledons incumbent. — Annual or biennial ditTuse strong-scented herb.s,
with jiinnately lobed or divided leaves, and minute white flowers, in short ra-
cemes, opi)ositc the leaves. Stamens 2, 4, or 6.

1. S. pinnatiflda, DC. Stem prostrate; leaves deeply pinnatifid, with
the numerous lobes tootlied on the npper edge ; silicic ])ittcd, cmarginate at both
ends. — Waste places, Florida to North Carolina. Jlarcii - May. — Racemes
many-flowered.

2. S. Coronopus, Poir. Stem prostrate; leaves deeply pinnatifid, with
the lobes entire, toothed, or pinnatifid ; siliclcs not cmarginate, the margins
crested. — Wiistc places. Introduced. March and April.

13. LEPIDIUM, L. Peppergrass.

Silicic rounded or obcordatc, compressed contrary to the nan-ow partition ;
valves carinate : cells 1-scedcd. Cotyledons accumbent and incumbent. Petals
sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, 4, or 6. — Leaves entire, toothed, or pinnatcly
divided. Flowers minute, in terminal racemes.

1. L. Virginicum, L. Smooth; stem erect, much branched; leaves
lanceolate, sharply tootlied, the lowest tapering and mostly pinnatifid toward the
base ; silicic orbicular, wingless ; cotyledons accumbent ; stamens mostly two.
— Waste places, very common. March -June. (1) — Stem \°-2° high.

14. CAPSELLA, Vent. Siikpherd's Purse.

Silicic triangular-wedge-shaped, flattened contrary to the narrow partition,
many-sccdcd ; valves wingless. Cotyledons incumbent. — An annual herb,
with the radical leaves clustered and i)innatifid ; those of the stem clasping and
often entire. Racemes elongated. Silicic shorter than the spreading pedicel.
Flowers white.

1. C. Bursa-pastoris, Manch. — Waste ground, Florida and northward.
March and April. Iiilruduced.

15. CAKILE, Tonm.
Silicic 2-jointed ; the joints thick, l-cellcd, l-.sceded. Seed of the upper joint
erect, of tlie lower suspended. Cotyledons accumbent. — Fleshy seaside annu-
als, with pinnatifid or lobed leaves, and wliite or pinplc (lowers in racemes op-
posite the leaves.

CAPPARIDACK^. (cAPER FAMILY.) 31

1. C. maritima, Scop., van aequalis. Smooth; stem much branched,
prostrate ; leaves oblong, irregularly toothed or pinnatifid, naiTOwed intc ,a petiole
as long as the limb ; flowering racemes short and corymb-like, fru/ting ones
elongated ; petals wedge-obovate, emarginate ; mature silicic linear, 8-ribbcd,
the upper joint ovate-lanceolate, slightly compressed, beak-pointed, one third
longer than the cylindrical lower one ; cotyledons linear, 3-anglcd. (C. aBquOr
lis, L'Uer.) — Drifting sands along the coast. May-August. — Stems l°-2°
long. Flowers pale purple.

Ordeu 13. CAPPARIDACEiE. (Caper Family.)

Herbs, shruljs, or trees, -with acrid -watery juice, alternate, simple or
palmately-compound leaves, and regular hypogynous flowers. Stipules
spiny or wanting. — Sepals 4, imbricated or valvate in the bud. Petals
4, mostly clawed. Stamens 6 or numerous. Ovary 1-celled : ovules am-
phitropous or campylotropous, attached to the two parietal placentae.
Fruit silique-like, and 2-valved or indehiscent. Seeds reniform, -without
albumen. Embryo curved.

Synopsis.

* Calyx 4-sepalous. — Herbs.

1. POLAXISIA. Stamens 8 - 32, free. Torus short. Sfyle filiform.

2. CLEOME. Stamens 6. free. Torus short. Stigma sessile.

3. GYNAXDROPSIS. Stamens C. Filaments partly united with the stipe of the ovary.

* * Calyx 4-parted. — Shrubs.

4. C.4.PPARIS. Stamens numerous, free. Leaves entire.

1. POLANISIA, Raf.

Petals clawed. Stamens 8 -.32 : filaments free, unequal, filiform. Torus
short, bearing a truncated or emarginate gland on the upper side. Ovary sessile
or short-stipitatc. Style filiform. Capsule sili(iue-like, many-seeded. — Annual
clammy herbs, with palmately trifoliolate petioled leaves, and racemose flowers.

1. P. tenuifolia, Torr. & Gray. Stem slender, erect, branching ; leaflets
filiform, longer than the petiole ; petals oval, entire, short-clawed, unequal ; sta-
mens 12-15; capsule linear, smooth, short-stipitate, pointed with the persistent
style ; seeds minute, circular. — Georgia {Le Conle) and South Tlorida [Dlodcjelt).
— Stem 10-2° high. Flowers white.

2. CLEOME, L.

Petals long-clawed, nearly eqnal, entire. Stamens 6. Filaments filiform,
elongated, 1 - 3 often shorter, rarely all abbreviated. Torus short, hemispherical.
Stigma sessile. Capsule silique-like, stipitate or almost sessile, manj'-seeded. —
Herbs with palmately 3 - 7-foliolate leaves, and bracted racemose flowers. Stip-
ules, when present, spiny.

S5 VIOLACE^E. (violet FAMILY.)

1. C. pungens, "Willd. Clammy-pubcsccnt ; leaves 5 - 7-foliatc, long-
pctioled ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, scrrukitc ; lower livacts trifoliolate, the upi)er
ones simple, cordate-ovate ; stipules spiny ; capsule smooth, siiorter than the elon-
gated stipe ; seeds rugose. — Waste places, Florida and westward. May-
August. Introduced. (I) — Stem 2° - 4° high. Petioles more or less spiny.
Flowers showy, purple, changing to wliite.

3. GYNANDROPSIS, DC.

Petals clawed, imbricated or open in the bud. Stamens 6 ; the filaments ad-
nate to the lower half of the elongated stipe of tiic ovary. Stigma sessile.
Capsule siliquc-likc, many-seeded. — Herbs with palmately 3 - 5-foliolate leaves,
and racemose bracted flowers.

1. G. pentaphylla, DC. Clammy-pubcsccnt; leaves 5-foliate, the lower
ones and bracts 3-foliolate ; leaflets oblong-obovate, nearly entire ; flowers white,
open in the bud ; capsules hispid ; seeds warty. — Waste places, Florida to
North Carolina. Naturalized. May -August, (l) — Stem 2° - 3° high.

4. CAPPARIS, L. Caper-tree.
Sepals partly united, imbricated or valvatc in the bud, often glandular at the
base. Petals imbricated in the bud. Stamens numerous. Toms small. Ovary
long-stipitate. Stigma sessile. Fruit fleshy, globose or silicjue-like, many-
seeded. — Shrubs or trees, with simple entire coriaceous leaves, spiny or adnate
stipules, and mostly showy flowers.

1. C. Jazuaicensis, Jacq Leaves oblong, cmarginate, smooth al)ovo,
the lower surface, like the flowers and flattened branches, dotted and covered
with minute scales ; flowers terminal, by pairs, on short 4-anglcd peduncles ;
sepals ovate, valvatc in the bud, scarcely shorter than the oval white petals ;
filaments 20-24, long, villous at the base; capsule long (6'- 8'), cylindrical,
torulosc, downy, long-stipitate. (Colicodendron anceps, Shutll.) — South Flor-
ida. — Shrub 8°- 10° high.

2. C. cynophallophora, L. Leaves oblong, obtuse, reticulate-veined,
glabrous like the flowers and branches ; peduncles 4-angled, few-flowered ; se-
pals rounded, imbricated in tlic bud, much shorter than the obovato wliito petals ;
filaments very long (2'), smooth ; capsule (C'-8' long) smooth, torulose, short-
stipitate, pulpy within. — South Florida. — Shrub C°-8° high.

Order It. VIOLACE7K. (Violet Family.)

Ilcrlw or shrul)S. Loaves alternate, siin])U', involute in the Imd. Sli|v
nles |>crsistent. Flowers irregular, axillary, on brai Ud peduncles, ncxl-
(ling. Sepals 5, persistent, imbricated in the bud. Petals 5, liypogynous,
obli(|U(;iy convolute in the bud. Stamens 5, alternate with the jjctals,
(ronnivent. Anthers a<lnatc, introrse. Style sinfjle. Capsule l-<-eUed,
locnlicidally .*)-valved, many-seeded: valves each bearing a placenta in
the middle. Embryo straight, in llesliy albumen.

ViOLACKiE. (violet FAMILY.) $B>

1. VIOLA, Toarn. Violet. Heart's-ease.

Sepals nearly equal, produced at the base into a free appendage. Petals un-
equal, the lower one produced into a sac or spur at the base. Stamens short ;
the broad filaments membranaceous and prolonged above the anthers ; the two
anterior ones spurred on the back. Stigma often beaked. — Low herbs. Pe-
duncles 1 -flowered.

f) 1. Leaves and peduncles arising from a subterranean rhizoma, without apjMrent
stems: perennials, flowering in early spring, the later flowers apetalous.

* Flowers blue or purple.

1. V. CUCUllata, Ait. Smooth or pubescent; leaves long-pctioled, all
undivided, varjing from cordate-ovate to reniform, serrate, the sides at the base
involute when j'oung ; the later ones acutish ; lateral petals bearded ; stigma
beakless. — Low ground, common. — Flowers blue, often variegated with white.

2. V. palxnata, L. Downy or hairy, rarely smooth ; earliest leaves entire,
cordate or reniform; later ones variously 3- 9-lobed, the central lobe always
largest, lanceolate or oblong, the lateral ones spreading ; flowers large, with the
lateral and lower petals bearded. — Dry soil, common. — Flowers purple or
blue.

3. v. villosa, Walt. Downy; leaves prostrate, short-petiolcd, orbicular or
broadly cordate, crenate, purplc-vcincd ; peduncles mostly shorter than the
leaves, flowers small. — Dry sandy or gravelly soil, Florida to North Carolina.
— Flowers pale blue.

4. V. sagittata, Ait. Smoothish ; leaves cordate-oblong, acute, toothed
and somewhat sagittate at the base, the earliest ones rounded, short-pctioled ;
lateral petals bearded. — Damp pastures in the upper districts and northward. —
Flowers larger than in the last, deep blue.

5. V. pedata, L. Smoothish; leaves all 7 - 9-parted, the divisions linear-
lanceolate, entire or toothed, narrowed downward ; petals beardless. — Dry
sandy soil in the middle and upper districts, and northward. — Flowers large,
deep blue or purple.

* * Flowers white.

6. V. primulsefolia, L. Smooth or hairy ; leaves oblong, mostly acute,
crenate, cordate or abruptly decurrent on the winged petiole ; petals often acute,
the lower ones bearded and striped with purple. — Low grounds, common. —
Rhizoma slender, and commonly bearing long leafy runners. Flowers small.

7. V. lanceolata, L. Smooth or pubescent ; leaves lanceolate or linear,
narrowed into the long and winged petioles ; flowers beardless. — Low pine bar-
rens. Florida and northward. — Rhizoma like the last.

8. V. blanda, Willd. Minutely pubescent; rhizoma slender; leaves small,
orbicular-cordate, crenate, shorter than the peduncles ; flowers small, beardless,
sweet-scented, the lower petal striped with purple. — Low ground and meadows.
North Carolina and northward. — Petioles slender, wingless. Leaves rarely
acute.

34 viOLACE^. (violet family.)

* * * Flowers yellow.

9. V. rotundifolia, Michx. Nearly smooth ; leaves broadly cordate,
longer than the short petioles; lateral petals bearded. — Mountains of North
Carolina and northward. — Rhizoma slender, bcaiing runners. Leaves flat on
the ground. Petals striped ■with purple.

§ 2. Leaves and flowers borne on manifest stems : perennials.
* Stems leafy throughout.

10. V. Muhlenbergii, Torr. Primary stems erect, the later ones pros-
trate ; leaves broadly cordate or reniform, crcnatc and roughened witli minute
elevated points, tlic uppermost acute ; stipules fringed ; spur obtuse, half as long
as the pale purple petals ; lateral petals bearded. — Damp shades in the upper
districts and iiortliward.

Var. multicaulis, Torr. & Gray. Stems all prostrate and creeping ;
leaves smaller, roundish, obscurely crenate, purple-veined. — Dry rocks and hills
in the lower districts. March and April. — Stems slender, 4' - 6' long.

11. V. Strieta, Ait. Stems ascending ; leaves cordate, serrate, rough-
ened as in No. 10, the uppermost often acute ; stipules large, fringed ; spur
thick, shorter than the large cream-colored petals ; lateral petals bearded, the
lower striped witii pui-ple. — Mountains of Georgia and northward. April. —
Stems 10' - 12' high. Peduncles elongated.

12. V. Canadensis, L. Tall; leaves large, broadly cordate, acuminate,
coarsely serrate, longer than the peduncles ; stipules nearly entire ; spur very
short ; petals white, externally purplish, the lateral ones bearded. — Rich soil
along the mountains of North Carolina and northward. May -August. —
Stems l°-2° high.

* * Stems leafy at the summit : stipules entire.

13. V. hastata, Michx. Smooth or hairy ; leaves rhombic-ovate, hastate -
3-lobed, or the lower ones 3-parted (V. tripartita, Ell.), serrate and commonly
acute ; flowers small, yellow ; lateral petals bearded, the lowest striped with
pui-plc ; spur very short. — Shaded bill-sides, Florida and northward. April
and May. — Stem C - 1 2' high. Stipules small.

14. V. pubescens, Ait. Downy or woolly ; leaves broadly cordate,
coarsely serrate, mostly acute ; stipules large ; si)ur very short ; flowers yellow,
the lower petals veined with purple, bearded. — Dry rocky soil in the u])per dis-
tricts, and northward. April. — Stems 6' - 1 2' high. Capsules sometimes villous.

§ 3. Stems leafji : root annual.
I."). V. tricolor, L., var. arvensis, DC. Stems brnncbing ; lowest
leaves roundish, the upper lanceolate, entire ; stipules leafy, pinnatilid ; flowers
small, yellow and purple. — Cultivated ground. Introduced. — Stem C high.

2. SOLEA, Ging.

Sepals not proiluccd at tbc base. Petals unequal, the lowest one gibbons at
the base and 2-lobcd at the apex, the others smaller. Stamens with the fllamcnts
united ami produced above tiic anthers, the two lower ones glandular at the

CISTACE^. (nOCK-KOSE FAMILY.) 35

base. Style hooked at the summit. — An upriL;ht simple hairy perennial herb,
with numerous ovate-laneeolate, acuminate and entire leaves, and 1-3 short-
stalked greenish nodding flowers in each axil.

1. S. COncolor, Ging. — Mountains of Carolina and northward, in deep
shades. June and July. (Viola eoneolor, Pursh.) — Stem 1° - 2° liigh. Leaves
short-petioled.

Ordku 15. CISTACEiE. (Rock-kose Family.)

Herbs or low shrubs, with entire leaves, and regular mostly polyandrouK
flowers. — Sepals 5, persistent, the two outer ones smiiUer, the three inner
twisted in the bud. Petals mostly 5, twisted contrary to the sepals in the
bud, rarely wanting. Stamens few or numerous, distinct, hypogynous.
Anthers innate. Ovary 1-celled. Style single. Capsules 3-5-valved.
bearing as many parietal placentae each in the middle of the valve, few oi
many-seeded. Seeds orthotropous. Embryo curved, in mealy albumen-
Synopsis.

1. nELIANTUEMUM. Style none. Stigma capitate. Embryo nearly annular.

2. LECIIKA. Styie none. Stigmas plumose. Embryo nearly straight.

3. HUDsONIA- Style filiform Stigma minute. Embryo coiled.

1. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. Kock-rose.

Petals 5, corrugated in the bud, sometimes wanting. Stigma sessile or nearly
so, capitate, 3-lobed. Capsule 3-valved. Embryo cui'ved nearly into a ring. —
Low herbs or partly shrubby plants, with fugacious yellow flowers.

* Flotoers perfect : petals conspicuous : stameits indefinite : capsule many-spcded.

1. H. Carolinianum, Michx. Hirsute; leaves lanceolate, denticulate,
acute, siiort-petiolcd, the lowest obovatc, crowded ; flowers large, solitary, borne
above the axils. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina and westward.
March and Apfil. — Stems 6' -12' high, ascending from a shrubby base.
Flowers 1' wide.

2. H. arenicola, sp. n. Hoary ; leaves small, lanceolate, obtuse, entire,
with the sides revolute; flowers solitary, or 2-4 in terminal umbellate clusters,
on slender pedicels. — Drifting sands near the coast. West Florida. March and
April. — Stems shnibby and branched at the base, all but the short (2'- 6')
flowering stems buried in the sand. Flowers ^' wide.

* * Flowers of two kinds : the earliest as in the last section, the later ones smaller,
clustered, with small petals, or none, fewer stamens, and few-seeded capsules.

3. A. COrymbosum, Michx. Tomentose, stems erect, shrubby at the
base ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, entire, hoary beneath, with the sides revolute ;
flowers nearly sessile in a cymose cluster at the summit of the stem, the perfect
ones long-ped uncled ; sepals woolly. — Dry sands near the coast, Florida to
North Carolina. April. — Stems 1° high. Capsule smooth.

36 DKOSERACE.E. (sUNDEW FAMILY.)

4. H. Canadense, Michx. Stems erect, at first nearly simple, downy or
smooth ; leaves lanceolate, downy, or nearly smooth above ; flowers axillary,
the perfect ones large, solitary, the later apetalous ones clustered or sometimes
wanting. (II. rosmarinifolium, PA. ? II. ramuliflorum, Michx.) — Dry sterile
soil, Florida and northward. April. — Stems 1"^ hi{,'h. Perfect flowers an
inch wide.

2. LECHEA, L.

Petals 3, persistent, not lonj^er than tlie sepals. Stamens 3-12. Stigmns 3,
sessile, plumose. Capsule globose, 3-valved, incompletely 3-cellcd, 6-seeded.
Embryo slightly curved. — Perennial herbs, with small greenish flowers in
racemes or panicles.

1. L. major, Michx. Villous; leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, el-
liptical, those on the prostrate radical branches roundish ; flowers on short pedi-
cels, densely crowded in short simple or compound axillary racemes. (L. villosa,
Ell.) — Dry sterile soil, Florida and northward. July and August. — Stem 2P
high, branching toward the summit. Capsules as large as a pin's head.

2. L. minor, Lam. Rough with apprcssed scattered hairs ; the young
branches and calyx more or less hoary ; stems paniculatcly branched al)ove ;
leaves scattered, linear ; flowers loosely racemose, on distinct, often appressed
pedicels. (L. racemulosa and L. tcnuifolia, Michx.) — D17 sandy soil, common.
July and August. — Stems i°-2° high. Capsules larger than in Jso. 1. Rad-
ical branches often wanting.

3. HUDSONIA, L.

"Petals 5, larger than the sepals, fugacious. Stamens 9 - 30. Style filiform.
Stigma minute. Capsule oblong, 1 -celled, 3-valvcd, with 2-6 erect seeds at-
ta(;hed near their base. Embno coiled. — Low tufted shrubs, with minute hoary,
subulate, imbricated leaves, and yellow flowers at the summit of the branches.

1- H. montana, Nutt. Stems 2'- 4' high; leaves loosely imbricated;
pedicels longer than the flowers ; calyx campanulate ; sepals acuminate. — Table
Rock, North Carolina.

OuuKR 10. DROSERACEiE. (Sundew Family.)

Low glandular-hairy marsh herbs, with circinate tufted radical leaves,
and regular hypogynous white or purplish flowers, borne on a naktnl scape.
Sepals ."}, persistent. Petals 5, withering. Stamens 5 - If), distinct: an-
thers e.xtrorsc. Ovary l-<-elled, many-ovuled, with .3 or r> ])anetal pla-
centic. Styles separate or united. Capsule hMuIicidally 3-5-valved.
Seeds anatfoj)ous. Kmbryo minute at the base of fleshy albumen.

1. DROSERA, L. Si npkw.
Stamens .•). Styles 3-.^, deeply 2 -parted ; the divisions 2-mnny-lobcd. Cnp-
snlc 3-valvcd, many-Bccdcd. — Leaves dewy with glandular hairs. Scape often
forking. Flowers racemose, sccund.

PARNASSIACEiE. (PARNASSIA FAMILY.) 37

1. D. flliformis, Kaf. Khizoma thick, creeping; leaves erect, filiform,
elongated, smooth at tlic base ; scape smooth, many-flowered ; flowers large,
bright purple ; calyx hairy ; seeds oblong, dotted. — Low pine barrens, Florida
and north\vard. A|)ril. 1|. — • Scapes 1°-1^° high. Flowers I'or more wide.

2. D. longifolia, L. Rhizoma long and slender ; leaves linear-spatulatc,
gradually narrowed into the long and smooth petiole, the upper ones erect ;
scape smooth, declined at the base, 8 - 1 2-flowercd ; calyx obovatc ; seeds
oblong. (D. foliosa. Ell.) — Sandy swamps, oftcner in water, Florida and
northward. May and June. % — Scapes 4' -6' high. Flowers small, white.

3. D. capillaris, Polr. Ilhizoma short or none; leaves spatulate, nar-
rowed into the long and smoothish petiole ; scape slender, smooth, erect, 9 - 20-
flowered ; calyx obovatc ; seeds oval, finely furrowed and granular. (D. brevi-
folia, var. major. Hook.) — Boggy ponds, Apalachicola, Florida, to South Car-
olina (Cose). April and May. (^ or y. — Scape 6'- 15' high. Leaves 2' -3'
long. Flowers pale rose-color.

4. D. rotundifolia, L. Rhizoma none ; leaves orbicular, al)ruptly con-
tracted into the hairy petiole ; scape erect, smooth, 6 - 10-flowercd ; calyx ovoid;
seeds covered with a loose membranaceous coat. — Mossy swamps, Florida and
northward. May and June, (j) — Scapes 6' - 9' high. Leaves 2' long.
Flowers white.

5. D. brevifolia, Pursh. Glandular-pubescent throughout ; rhizoma
none ; leaves short, wedge-shaped ; scape erect, 3 - 6-flowcred ; calyx oval ;
seeds ovoid, minutely glandular. — Low sandy pine barrens, Florida to North
Carolina. April, (f) — Scapes 3' -6' high. Leaves |^' long. Flowers ^' wide,
white.

2. DION^A, Ellis. Fly-trap.

Stamens 10-1.5. Styles united. Stigmas 5, fimbriate. Capsule 1-celled,
opening irregularly. Placenta at the base of the cell, many-seeded. — A smooth
perennial herb, with the habit of Drosera. Leaves spreading, on broadly-winged,
spatulate petioles, with the limb orbicular, notched at both ends, and fringed on
the margins with strong bristles ; sensitive ! Flowers in a terminal umbel-like
cyme, white, bracted.

1. D. muscipula, Ellis. — Sandy bogs in tlie pine barrens of Xortli Car-
olina and the adjacent parts of South Carolina. April and May. — Scape 1°
high, 8- lO-flowercd. Flowers 1' wide. — For an interesting account of this
remarkable plant, see Curtis's Plants of AVilmington, in the Boston Journal
of Natural History, Vol. I. 1834.

Order 17. PARNASSIACE.E. (Parnassia Fajiily.)

Perennial smooth herbs, with ovate or reniform chiefly radical and
entire leaves, on long petioles, and large solitary flowers terminating the
scape-like, 1-leaved stem. — Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, ovate or ,obo-
4

38 iivrEUiCACK.E. (sT. joiin's-wout family.)

Tate, veiny, imbricated in tlic bud, deciduous. Fertile stamens 5, alter-
nating with the petals : anthers introrse. Sterile ones in sets of 3-15
more or less united filaments, placed opposite each petal. Ovary l-ccUed,
with 3-4 parietal placentae. Stigmas 3-4, sessile, placed over the pla-
centa2. Capsule loculicidally 3-4-valved at the apex, many-seeded.
Seeds anatropous, Avinged, without albumen. Embryo straight, cylindrical.

1. PARNASSIA, Tourn. Grass or Taunassus.
Characters same as tlie order.

1. P. Caroliniana, Michx. Leaves broadly ovate or cordatc-ovatc ; can-
line one near the base of the stem, clasping^ ; petals oval, sessile, with impressed
greenish veins ; sterile stamens by threes, distinct almost to the base, 2-3 times
as long as the recurved fertile ones. — Damp soil, Florida and noi'thward. Oc-
tober and November. — Stem 12'- 18' high. Flowers 1' wide.

2. P. asarifolia, Vent. Leaves reniform ; caulinc one near the middle
of the stem, cl:isj)ing; petals broadly ovate, short-clawed; sterile stamens by
threes. — High mountains of North Carolina. August and September. — Flow>
ers larger than in No. 1.

Ordkh 18. IIYPERICACEiE. (St. Joiix's-avout Family.)

Herbs or shndis, with opposite entire dotted leaves, without stipules,
and regular hypogynous, mostly yellow flowers. — Sepals 4 - 5, iudjri(;ated
in the bud, persistent. Petals 4-5, convolute or imbricated in the bud,
deciduous. Stamens mostly numerous, and often united at the base into
3-5 sets : anthers introrse. Styles 2-5, often united, persistent. Cap-
sule 1-celled, with strictly parietal placentae, or 2-5-cclled by the meeting
of the placenta; at the axis, scpticidally 2 - 5-valved. Seeds very numer-
ous, minute, anatropous, without albumen.

Synopsis.

• Petals convolute in the bud.

1. ASCYRXI3I. Sepals and (yellow) petals 4.

2. HYPERICUM. Sepals and (yellow) petals 5. Stamens without interposed glands.

• » Petals imbricated in the bud.

3. ELODEA. Sepals and (rcse-colorcd) petals 5. A gland between the sets of Ftamens.

1. ASCYRUM, L. St. Peteu's-wort.

Sepals 4, the two outer ones mtuh larger (except No. 5). Petals 4, convolute
in the \nu\, ()l)li(|ue. Stamens numerous. Styles 2-4, distinct or united. Cm|>-
Hulcs 2-4-valvcd, 1-cellcd, with 2-4 parietal placenta;. — Smooth shrubs with
2-cdgcd branches. Flowers mostly solitary, yellow.

* Pidiri'h 2-lirnctcd : sli/les shorter l/inn the ovarii.

1. A. Crux-AndreSB, L. Leaves linenr-obloiig, olitu-^o, nanoweil nl the
ba.sc; outer Bcpals oval, ruthcr obtuse, tlie inner ones minute ; i)cUds »)l)lorig,

HYPKRICACEiE. (sT. JOIIN's-WOUT FAMILY.) 39

often acute, approximate in pairs ; styles 2 ; capsule as long as the sepals. —
Sterile soil, Florida and northward. June - September. — Shrub 1°- 3° high.
Leaves 1' long. Branches opposite.

2. A. starts, Michx. Leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, closely sessile ; outer
sepals orbicular-cordate, obtuse ; the inner ones lanceolate, acute ; petals obovate ;
styles 3 or 4 ; capsule shorter than the sepals. — Var. obovatum, Torr. Sf Gray,
is a dwarf state, with obovate leaves, and obtuse inner sepals. — Damp soil,
Florida and northward. July- September. — Shrub 2°- 3° high. Leaves and
flowers larger than in No. 1 .

* * Pedicels hractlcss : sti/les lonr/cr than the ovary.

3. A. amplexicaule, Michx. Leaves and outer sepals cordate-ovate,
clasping ; inner sepals lanceolate, as long as the outer ones ; petals obovate ;
styles 3 ; capsule ovoid, barely half as long as the sepals. — Damp soil near the
coast, Florida, Georgia, and westward. April - September. — Shrub 2° -3°
high. Branches many times forking.

4. A. pumilura, Midix. Dwarf ; leaves oblong-ooovate, obtuse ; outer
sepals round-ovate, the inner ones minute ; petals obovate ; pedicels long and
slender, reflexed in fruit ; styles 2, united. — Dry gravelly soil, Florida, Georgia,
and westward. Marcli and April. — Stems 3' - G' long, diffuse. Leaves 4" - G"
long.

5. A. microsepalum, Torr. & Gray. Leaves vciy numerous, small,
oblong-linear, narrowed at the base, obtuse ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; .se-
pals small and equal. — Flat pine barrens, Florida and Alabama. March and
April. — Shrub bushy, 1° - 2° high. Leaves 6"- 9" long. Flowers 1' Avide.

2. HYPERICUM, L. St. Joiix's-wort.

Sepals 5, similar. Petals 5, oblique, convolute in the bud. Stamens mostly
numerous, and commonly collected in 3 - 5 sets, without intervening glands.
Stjdes 3-5, distinct or united. Capsule 1 - .5-cclled. — Herbs or shrubs. Flow-
ers mostly cymose, yellow.

§ 1. Stamens numerous.
* Capsule 3-Cflled : .'styles united : shrubs.

1- H. proliflcum, L. Branches 2-edged, the barren ones elongated ;
leaves lance-oblong, obtuse or mucronate, narrowed at the base ; cymes axillary
and terminal, often few-flowered; capsule oblong, rarely 4 - .')-ccllcd. — Varies
with a more branching stem, smaller and naiTower leaves, and smaller and more
numerous flowers. (II. galioidcs, Ph.) — Swamps and banks of rivers in the
middle and ujjpcr districts. July and August. — Shrub 2° -3° high. Leaves
l'-2' long, paler beneath.

2. H. Buckleyi, M. A. Curtis. Low, widely branching from the base ;
leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, paler beneath ; flowers solitary, ter-
minal, on rather long and bractcd pedicels ; sepals obovate ; style and stamens
long and slender. — Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina. — Shrub 8'- 12'
high. Flowers 1' wide.

40 IlYPERICACE^. (ST. JOIIN's-WOUT FAMILY.)

* * Capsule S-celled : styles separate : petals black-dotted : hnbs.

3. H. perforatum, L. Stem much branched, slightly 2-cdged ; cymee
corymbose, many-flowered ; leaves elliptical or linear-oblong, obtuse, with pel-
lucid dots ; sepals lanceolate, acute. — Old fields, sparingly naturalized. June-
August. — Stem l°-2°high, bearing runners at the base. Flowers 1' wide,
deep yellow.

4. H. maculatum, Walt. Stem terete, sparingly branched above ; leaves
oblong-cordate, obtuse, clasping, marked with pellucid dots ; cymes many-flow-
ered, corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; styles twice as long as the ovary. —
Dry pine barrens, Florida to North Carolina. June -August. — Stem 2° -3°
high. Leaves I'-lV long, rigid. Flowers small.

5. H. COl'ymbosuin, Muhl. Leaves thin, oblong, slightly clasping ; se-
pals ovate ; styles as long as the ovary ; othcnvise nearly as the last. — Moun-
tains of North Carolina, northward and westward. July. — Stem l°-2° high.
Leaves l'-2' long.

* * * Capsule l-celled, or partially 3<ellcd by the introversion of the placentce.

■t- Shrubs : kaves evergreen.

*+ Cymes leafy.

6. H. fasciculatum, Lam. Lowest leaves obovatc, the others narrow-
linear, with rcvolute margins, and numerous smaller ones clustered in the axils ;
cymes mostly 3-flowcrcd, lateral and terminal ; sepals like the leaves, mostly
shorter than tiic obovatc one-angled petals. — Var. asi'ALAtiioides has very short
(2" -3") and wider leaves and sepals, the latter one tliird as long as the smaller
petals. — Margins of pine barren ponds, Florida to North Carolina and west-
ward. July and August. — Sin-ub 2°-0° high. Leaves 6" -12" long, con-
spicuously dotted, glossy. Capsule oblong-linear.

7. H. galioides, Lam. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to the
ba.sc, glossy aliuvc, rigid ; those in the axils clustered ; cymes lateral and ter-
minal, few-fiowered, or the terminal ones compound ; sepals equal, linear, acute,
shorter than the petals ; capsules acute. — Pine barrens, Florida to South Caro-
lina and westward.

Var. ambigUUm. (IL ambiguum, /^//. ? Torr. ^- Gray.) Leaves oblanceo-
late, mucronatc, pale and thin ; sepals unequal, lanceolate, narrowed at the base,
longer tlian the petals. — River swamps, Florida. July and August. — Stems
2° -4° high. Branches often elongated. Leaves 1'- 1^' long.

8. H. myrtifolium, Lam. Leaves cordate-oblong and partly clasping,
mostly obtuse, glaucous; cymes few-flowered, terminal ; sepals leaf-like, ovate,
acute, JUS long as the obovatc petals ; stamens very numerous ; capsule conical-
ovate. (II. glaucum, Michx.) — Pine barren ponds, Florida to South Carolina
and westward. May - September. — Shrub 1° - 2° high, with spreading terete
branches. I>oavcs thick, 1' long. Flowers 1' wide.

9. H. aureum, Bartram. Leaves oblong, mucronntc, narrowed at the
base, wavy on the margins, glaucous beneath ; flowers very large, mostly solitary
at the summit of the 2-edgcd branches ; sepals leaf-like, sliortcr than the thick and
tardily deciduous petals ; stamens very niinicrous ; capsule ovate, nmch smaller

hypericaceyE. (st. joiin's-wort family.) 41

than the calyx. (11. amcDnum, Pursh.) — Banks of the Flint River, Georgia to
Tennessee, and westward. June - August. — Stem 2° high, diffusely branched.
Leaves 2' -3' long. Flowers 2' wide, with rccur\ed orange-colored petals.
** +H- Cymes leajiess, bracted.

10. H. nudiflorum, Michx. Branches 4-anglcd ; leaves oblong, obtuse,
narrowed at the base, phler beneath ; cymes terminal, peduncled, 5- 15-flowered ;
bracts subulate ; buds globose ; petals oval, twice as long as the oval sepals ;
capsule ovate, longer than the calyx. — Low gi-ounds, Flonda and northward.
July and August. — Shrub 2° -3° high. Leaves thin, l'-2' long. Flowers
^' wide. Petals recurved.

11. H. cistifolium, L.im. Branches 2-cdged ; leaves rigid, linear-oblong,
sessile ; cymes terniiiuil, compound, many-flowered ; bracts subulate ; buds
ovate ; petals spreading, obovate, twice as long as the oblong, unequal sepals ;
capsule 3-lobed, ovate, longer than the sepals. (H. rosmarinifolium, Ell.) —
Pine barren swamps, near the coast, Florida to South Carolina and westward.
July- September. — Slirub 2° - 3° high. Leaves very numerous, 1 ' long. Flow-
ers ^' wide. Valves of the capsule strongly impressed on the back.

12. H. fastigiatum, Ell. " Branches somewhat compressed ; leaves nar-
row-lanceolate, very acute ; corj^mbs terminal, many-flowered, fastigiate ; styles
united. — Pine barrens of Scriven County, Georgia. May -July. — Shrub 3°
high. Leaves 3' long, narrowed but connate at the base. Flowers very numer-
ous." Elliott. (*)

•<- -1- Herbs : styles distinct,

13. H. graveolens. Buck!. Stem smooth, terete, nearly simple ; leaves
oblong-ovate, obtuse, clasping ; cymes lateral and terminal, many-flowered ;
petals oblong-obovate, much longer than the lanceolate acute sepals ; stamens
collected in three sets, as long the petals ; styles slender, twice as long as the
ovary. — Mountains of North Carolina. July and August. — Stem 2° -3° high.
Leaves 2' long. Flowers large.

14. H. pilosum, "Walt. Do'wny ; stem terete, mostly simple, slender ;
leaves small, lance-ovate, acute, erect, sessile ; cymes compound ; styles short.
(H. simplex, Mich.) — Wet pine barrens, Florida to North Carolina and west-
ward. July and August. ® ■? — Stems 1°- 2° high. Leaves ^' long. Flowers
5" -6" wide.

15. H. angulosum, Michx. Smooth; stem 4-angled, branching ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile ; cymes leafy, many-flowered, the branches often
simple ; sepals ovate, shorter than the petals, longer than the ovate capsule. —
Varies (H. acutifolium, Ell.) vnth larger shining leaves, compound and nearly leaf-
less cymes, and more crowded flowers. — Pine barren ponds (the var. in dry
soil), Florida to North Carolina and westward. June -August. — Stem 2° -3°
high. Leaves 6" - 12" long. Flowers small. Styles longer than the capsule.

§ 2. Stamens 5-20 : capsule strictly l-celled : styles separate : annuals.
* Flowers in cymes.

16. H. mutilum, L. Stems slender, branching above, 4-angled, leaves
oblong or roundish, obtuse, clasping, 5-nerved ; cymes leafy at the base j sepals

4*

42 CLUsiACE^. (dalsam-tuee vamily.)

lanceolate, mostly longer than the small ])etals, and equalling the (green) ovoid
capsule; stamens 6-12. (H. parviflorum, iluld. II. quinciuenervium, Walt.)
— Ditehcs anil low grounds, common. June -August. — Stem 1° high.
Branches of the cyme tiliform. Flowers very small, remote.

17. H. Canadense, L. Stems simple or branclietl, 4-anglcd ; leaves lin-
ear or linear-lanceolate, the upper ones acute, scs.<ile ; stpals lanceolate, acute,
longer than the petals, shorter than the oblong (brown) capsule. — "Wet .^andy
places, Florida and northward. June -Oct. — Stem 4'- 12' high, with the
branches erect. Flowers small, copper-yellow. Stamens .5- 10.

* * F/owers scattered on the slender hranchea : leaves minute.

18. H. Sarothra, Michx. Stem much branched ; branches erect, filiform;
leaves minute, subulate, bract-like ; flowers small, sessile ; sepals scarcely half
as long as the lanceolate purple capsule. — Sandy old fields. Florida and north-
ward. June- August. — Stems 6'- 12' high. Stamens 5-10.

19. H. Drummondii, Torr. & Gray. Stem much branche<l ; leaves lin-
ear or the luwcr ones oblong, acute, appressed ; sepals Ijarely shorter than the
ovate capsule; flowers pedicelled. — Dry barren soil, Florida, South Carolina,
and -westward. July and August. — Stems and branches stouter than the last.
Stamens 10-20.

3. ELODEA, Adans.

Sepals 5. Petals .5, equal-sided, imbricated in the bud. Stamens mostly 9,
and united in sets of three, with a scale-like gland between each set. Styles 3,
distinct. Capsule S-cellcd, 3-valved, many-seeded. Smooth perennial herbs.
Flowers rose-color, in contracted lateral and terminal cymes.

1. E. Vil'ginica, Nutt. Leaves oblong or oval, cordate, clasping, con-
spicuously dotted beneath ; stamens united below the middle. — Swamps, Florida
and northward. July and August. — Stems terete, l°-2° high.

2. E. petiolata, Pursh. Leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, short-peti-
olcd, obscurely d(jiti(l beneath; stamens united above the middle. — With the
preceding. July and August. — Stem 2° high.

Order 19. CLUSIACE7E. (Balsam-Tree Family.)

Trees or shrubs, with resinous yellow juice, opposite coriaceous entire
dotlcsa leaves articulated witli the stem, and reji;ular hyiwgynous flowers.
Si^paLs 3-6. Petals 4-9. Stamens mostly numerous, distinct or variously
united. Ovary 1 -many-celled, few- many-ovulcd. Style single, oflon
none. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. Seeds witiiout alljuuien.
Embryo straight. Cotyledons thick, distinct or united.

1. CLUSIA, L.

Calyx 2-bractcd, of f. imbricated, colored sepals. lVtals4-0. St;nncns nu-
merous, the filaments united at the ba.se into a thick and lieshy tube. Ovary

roRTrr.ACACE.i:. (itrslvn:: famii.v.) 43

5-15-cellcd. Ovules mimcroiis, fixed to a central eoluinn. Stigma largo,
radiate-peltate. Capsule coriaceous, globose-angled, 5-13-ccllcd; the valves
separating from the central column at maturity. Seeds numerous, ovate. — P.u--
asitical tropical trees, with thick, opposite, entire and shining leaves, and chiefly
polygamous, cymO'^e, showy flowers.

1 . C. flava, L. Leaves short-Stalked, obovate, obtuse or cmarginatc, finely
veined ; flowers polygamous, single or by threes, on short axilhiry and terminal
peduncles; sepals rounded ; ])etals 4, oval, thick, yellow and unequal; stamens
short and thick; stigma about 12-rayed; capsule pear-sliaped, 12-scedcd, the
seeds imbedded in soft pulp. — South Florida. — A small tree.

2. CANELLA, T. Brown.

Sepals 3, rounded, concave, imbricated in the l)ud, persistent. Petals 5, liy-
pogynous, oblong, convolute in the bud, deciduous. Stamens united into a
tube. Anthers 15 (21 End!.), adnatc, linear. Ovaiy 3-celled. Style cylindri-
cal. Stigmas 3. Bcri-y globose, 1 -3-celled, mostly 2-seeded. Seeds globose-
reniforra. Embryo minute, in fleshy albumen. — A large tree. Leaves alter-
nate, near the ends of the branches, obovate, cmarginate, glabrous, on short
petioles. Racemes compound, shorter than the leaves, terminal. Pedicels 1-
flowered. Flowers small, purple. (The proper place of this genus is undeter-
mined, but it has been referred to this order.)

1 C. alba, Swartz. — South Florida, August. — Tree aromatic. Leaves
2' long. Berry black.

Order 20. PORTULACACEiE. (Purslane Family.)

Succulent plants, with entire leaves and regular liypogynous or peri-
gynous flowers. Sepals 2-5. Petals 3-6, imbricated in the bud, some-
times wanting. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them, or
indefinite. Styles 3 -6, mostly united below, stigmatic along the inside.
Capsule 1 -5-celled, few - many-seeded. Seeds campylotropous, erect
fi'om the b;use of the cell, or attached to a central placenta. Embryo slen-
der, curved around mealy albumen.

Synopsis.

•Sepals 2. Petals .5-6.

1. CLAYTONIA. Petals and stamens 5. Capsule 3-valved, 3-6-seeded,

2. TALINUM. Petals 5. Stamens 10-30. Capsule 3-valved, many-seeded.
3 PORTULACA. Petals 5-6. Stamens 8-20. Capsule circumscissile.

* * Sepals 5. Petals none.
4. SEStJVIUM. Stamens 5 -60, inserted on the calyx. Capsule circumscissile.

1. CtAYTONIA, L. Spring-Beauty.

Sepals 2, free, ])ersistont. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens 5, inserted on the
claws of the petals. Style 3-cleft. Cap.sule 1 -celled, 3-valved, 3-6-seedcd. —

44 I'OUTULACAC.CE. (I'UUSLANE FAMILY.)

Smooth herbs, with a simple stem bearing two opposite leaves, and terminated
■with a loose raceme of pale rose-colored, veiny flowers.

1. C. Virginica, L. Leaves long{3'-6'), linear, acutish ; petals mostly
emargiuate, but sometimes acute. — Damp rich soil in the upper districts.
Marck — Plant 4' - 10' long.

2. C. Caroliniana, Michx. Leaves short (l'-2'), ovate-lanceolate or
oblong, tapering at the base, obtuse; petals obtuse. — Mountains of North Caro-
lina and nortiiward. j\larch and April. — Smaller than the last.

2. TALINUM, Adans.

Sepals 2, free, deciduous. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens 10-30. Style
3-lobed. Ca])sulc 3-cclled at the base, 3-valved, many-seeded. — Smooth and
Ik'sliy licrbs, with alternate leaves and cymose flowers.

1. T. teretifolium, Pursh. Stem thick, leafy; leaves linear-cylindrical ;

cymes on lung ixduncles ; petals purple, fugacious. — Kocks, North Carolina
and nortiiward. June -Aug. IJ. — Stems 2' - 4' long. Peduncles 5' -8' long.

3. PORTULACA, Toum. Purslane.

Sepals 2, united and cohering with the ovary below, the upper portion circum-
scissile and deciduous with the upper part of the capsule. Petals 4-6, inserted
with the 8-20 stamens on the calyx. Style 3-8-parted. Capsule globose,
1-celled, many-seeded. — Low, fleshy herbs, with teiclc or flat, mostly alternate
leaves, and fugacious yellow or purple flowers.

1. P. olcracea, L. Leaves flat, cuneate, naked in the axils ; flowers yel-
low ; stamens 10-12. — Cultivated ground every whcrc. — Stem prostrate.

2. P. pilosa, L. Leaves linear, obtuse, with a tuft of hairs in the axils ;
flowers purple ; stamens about 20. — Key West, Florida.

4. SESUVIUM, L. Sea Purslane.

Sepals 5, free, united at the base, persistent, colored within. Petals none.
Stamens .5, or numerous, inserted on the calyx. Styles 3-5. Capsule 3-5-
cclled, many-seeded, circumscissile. — Prostrate and fleshy maritime plant.s,
with nearly opjiosite and entire leaves, and axillaiy purplish flowers.

1 S. portulacastrum, L. Leaves lanceolate and oblong, acute, on
winged and clasping petioles ; flowers j)edicellcd ; sepals fleshy, lanceolate, mu-
cronato, purple within ; stamens numerous. — Sandy or mmlily places along
the coast, Florida and noithward. May- December, y. — Stems diff"usc, ciTcp-
ing, forming mats which arc sometimes 6° in diameter.

2. S. pentandrum, Kll. Lc.-xves sprunlate-obovatc. obtuse, on slightly
winged and clasping petioles ; flowers sessile ; sepals ovate-binccolale, stamens
5. — Muddy smHiic coves, Floriila to North Carolina. May - November. Q) '
— .'^ii'm^ (uli'H erect) and flowers smaller iban in the preceding.

CAKYOrriYLLACE.i:. (iMNK TAMIL Y.) 45

OuDKU 21. CARVOPHYLLACE,^. (Pink Family.)

Ilorbs with tumid joints, entire opposite or whorled, often connate leaves,
and regular hypogynous or perigynous cymose flowers. Stipules dry and
scarious, or none. — Sepals 4-5, imbricated in the bud, persistent. , Petals
4—5, often stamen-like or none. Stamens as many as the sepals and op-
posite them (except Mollugo), or twice as many, or by abortion ftjwer.
Ovary fi-ee, 1 - 5-celled, with the amphitropous or campylotropous ovules
attached to a central placenta. Styles 2-5, distinct or partly united,
stigmatic along the inner side. Fruit valvate or indehiscent, 1 - many-
seeded. Embryo curved, or forming a ring around mealy albumen.

Synopsis.

Tribe I. ILLKCEBRKj^^. Sepals distinct or united below. Petals often stamen-
like or wanting. — Leaves with scarious stipules.

♦ Fruit indehiscent, 1-seeded (utricle).

1. paronychia. Sepals united at the base. Stamens inserted on the base of the sepals.

Style long. Utricle included.

2. ANYCIIIA. Sepals distinct Stamens inserted on the base of the sepals. Style very

short. Utricle partly e.\serted.

3. SIPIIO.N'YCIIIA. Sepals united into a tube below the middle. Stamens inserted on the

tube of the caly.v. Style long.

* * Fruit valvate, few - many-seeded.

•t- Leaves opposite.

4. STIPULICIDA. Stem-leaves minute ; the lowest spatulate. Flowers in terminal clusters.

5. SPERGULAIIIA. Leaves all linear. Flowers solitary, a.\illary.

■t- .*- Leaves whorled.

6. SPERGULA. Styles 5. Stamens 5 -10. Capsule 5-valved.

7. POLYCARPON. Styles 3. Stamens 3-5. Capsule 3- valved.

Tribe IT. MOLLl^cjlXE.^. Stamens alternate with the sepals, when of the same
number ; when three, alternate with the cells of the ovary. — Stipules none.

8. MOLLUGO. Capsule 3celled. Leaves whorled.

Tribe III. AliSINE.^. Sepals separate or nearly so. Stamens opposite the sepals
when of the same number. Ovary sessile. — Stipules none.

« Valves of the capsule as many as the styles.

9. S.\GINA. Styles and valves 4-5.

10. ALSINE. Styles and valves 3.

• » Valves or teeth of the capsule twice as many as the styles.

11. AREN.\RTA. Valves of the capsule 2-4, each soon 2-cleft. Petals entire.

12. STELLA1{1.\. Valves of the capsule 6 - 10. Petals 2-cleft.
IS. OERASTIUM. Capsule 8- 10-toothed.

Tree IV. SIIjENE.E. Sepals united into a tube. Petals and stamens inserted on the
stipe of the ovary. — Stipules none.
14. SILENE. Styles 3. Capsule C-toothed.
1.5. S.\PONARIA. Styles 2. Capsule 4 toothed.
If). A6R0STEMMA. Styles 5. Capsule 5-toothed.

46 CARYOPHTLLACEiE. (I'lNK FAMILY.)

1. PARONYCHIA, Toum.

Sepals 5, united at the !)asc, concave and rnucronatc or awncd at tlie apex.
Petals bristle-like or tooth-like, alternate with the 5 stamens, and inserted with
them on the base of the calyx. Style long, 2-cleft. Utricle included. Seed
resupinate. Radicle superior or ascending. — Low herbs, with conspicuous sil-
very stipules, and minute flowers in loose or compact cymes.

1. P. dichotoma, Xntt. Smooth; stems slender, erect; Icavos linear-
subulate; those of the barren stems imbricated; cymes fastigiate, ditfuse ; .se-
pals linear, 3-riI)bed, slendor-poiuted ; petals minute, bristle-like. (Anyciiia
argyrocoma, Ell ) — Rocks on the mountains of Korth Carolina, and ^vestward.
July - Nov. H. — Stems 6' - 1 2' high.

2. P. argyrocoma, Xutt. Minutely pubescent ; stems tufted, a.scending;
leaves linear, acrutc ; cymes ca])itate, the flowers concealed by the large silvery
stipules ; sepals lanceolate, hairy, slender-pointed ; petals minute, tooth-like. —
Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina. July-Sept. l]. — Stems 6'- 10'
high. Stipules nearly as long as tlie leaves.

3. P. herniarioides, Nutt. Rough-pubescent ; stems prostrate, diflfusely-
branched; leaves oval or ol)long, mucronate ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile;
sepals subulate, with a short and spreading point. (Anychia herniarioides,
Michx.) — Dry sand ridges in the middle districts, Georgia to North Carolina.
July - Oct. ® — Stems 4' - 6' long. Leaves 3" -4" long.

4. P. Baldwinii. Finely pubescent; stems prostrate, difrusely-hranchcd;
branches alternate, one-sided, filiform ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute, narrowed into a petiole ; cymes diffuse, naked ; sepals oblong, 3-ribbed,
ciliate, short-pointeil ; petals bristle-like, as long as the stamens ; utricle equal-
ling or rather longer than the sepals; style 2-cleft to the middle. (Anychia
Baldwinii, Torr. .J- (Iruij.) — Dry sandy soil, Florida and Georgia. July -Oct.
Q^ and @ — Stems \^°~3° long. Upper leaves sometimes alternate.

2. ANYCHIA, Michx.

Sepals .5, distinct, slightly rnucronatc at the apex. Petals none. Stamens
2-3, inserted on the base of the calyx. Style very short. Stigmas spreading.
Utricle exserted. Seed erect. Radicle inferior. — An erect slender aimual,
with forking setaceous spreading branches. Leaves thin, oblong, obtuse, nar-
rowed at the base. Flowers minute, solitary or clustered in the foiks of the
branches, greenish.

1. A. dichotX)ma, Mi<lix. (Qucria Canadensis, A.) — Harreii hills. South
Carolina and northward. July and August. — Stem 4'- lo' high.

3. SIPHONYCHIA, Torr. .<l Gray.

Sepals .5, imitcd tf) the miildlc, concave and petal-like aix)vc, obtuse or rnu-
cronatc. Petals 5, itristli -like, inserted with the 5 stamens on the throat of the
calyx. Style sliiiibr, 2-cleft. Utricle included. Seed resupinate. Railicle
Hujn nor. — Krcct orddVu-ely [.K.^HiHe herbs. Cymes den.scHowercd. Flowers
white.

CARYOPHYLLACE^. (PlNK FAMILY.) 47

1. S. Americana, Tom & Graj*. Stems prostrate, diffuse, pubescent in
lines ; leaves laiu'eolato, narrowed at the base ; the radical ones larger and
crowded ; flowers obovate, solitary in the forks of the stem, and clustered at the
end of the brandies ; sepals rounded and iiieurvcd at the apex, the tube bristly
with hooked hairs; petals minute. (Herniaria Americana, Nutt. Paronychia
urceolata, Slnittl ) — Sandy banks of rivers, Florida to South Carolina, and
westward. June -Oct. (l) or (f) — Stems l°-3° long. Leaves sometimes
falcate and incrusted with brownish particles. Stipules small.

2. S. diffusa, n. sp. Pubescent; stems prostrate, diffusely-branched; leaves
lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed at the base ; flowers small, in compact, rcctan;jular
cymes, terminating all the branches ; sepals linear, slightly concave and mucro-
nate at the apex, the tube bristly with hooked hairs; petals bristle-like. — Diy
sandy pine barrens, Florida. June -Oct. — Stems 1° long. Stipules con-
spicuous, on young plants half as long as the leaves, at length 2-parted. Cymes
very numerous.

3. S. erecta, n. sp. Stems smooth, clustered, erect, rigid, mostly simple ;
leaves erect, linear, acute, pubescent on the margins, those of the ban-en stems
imbricated ; cyme compound, rectangular, fastigiatc, compact ; sepals lanceolate,
smooth, acutish, or obscurely mucronatc at the apex, the tube smooth and fur-
rowed ; petals bristle-like, half as long as the stamens. — Sands along the west
coast of Florida. June -Nov. ![ — Root woody. Stems 6'- 12' high. Stip-
ules half as long as the leaves.

4. S. Rugelii. Annual ; stem erect, successively forking, clothed with a
short and raiher dense pubescence, as also the leaves and bracts ; leaves oblance-
olate, abruptly pointed, shorter than the intemodes, the upper ones linear ; stip-
ules 4- i as long as the leaves, soon 2-4-parted; cymes numerous, terminal,
rather loosely flowered ; calyx-tube short, pubescent, the linear-lanceolate divis-
ions conspicuously mueronate, white ; petals bristle-like ; style included. . (Pa-
ronychia Rugelii, Shutll.) — East Florida. — Stems 1° high, at length diffuse 1

4. STIPULICIDA, Michx.

Sepals .5, cmarginate, white-margined. Petals 5, spatulate, 2-toothed near
the base, longer than the sepals, withering-persistent. Stamens 3, opposite the
inner sepals. Style very short, 3-parted. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-
seeded. — A small perennial, with an erect forking stem. Stem-leaves minute,
subulate, -with adnate pectinate stipules. Radical leaves spatulate, clustered,
growing from a tuft of bristly stipules. Flowers white, in terminal clusters.

1. S. setacea, Michx. — Low sandy pine barrens, Florida to North Caro-
lina. April- June. — Stem 3' -6' high, the branches spreading and curving.

5. SPERGULARIA, Pcrs.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, oval, entire. Stamens 2-10. Styles 3-5. Capsule
3-5-valvcd; the valves when 5, alternate with the sepals. — A low maritime
herb, with opposite fleshy leaves, and conspicuous scarious stipules. Flowers
axillary, solitary, rose-colored.

48 CARTOPHTLLACE^. (PlNK FAMILY.)

1. S. rubra, Pcrs. — Sands or marshes along the ooiust, Florida s>nd north-
ward. April and May. i, — Stems prostrate, much branehed. Leaves linear,
longer than the joints. Seed with or without a membranaceous margin.

6. SPERGULA, L. Spuukey.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5 or 10. Styles 5. Capsule 5-valvcd,
the valves opposite the sepals. Embryo forming a ring around the albumen. —
Leaves whorled. Flowers cymose, white.

I. S. arvensis, L. Stem erect; leaves fleshy, narrow-linear, several in a
whorl; cyme loose, long-pcdunded ; fruiting pedicels reflexed ; stamens 10;
seeds rough. — Cultivated fields, Florida and northward : introduced, (l) .

7. POLYCARPON, L.

Sepals 5, carinate. Petals 5, emarginate, shorter than the se))als. Stamens
3-5. Styles 3, very short. Capsule 3-valved. — Low annuals, with whorled
leaves, and minute flowers, in terminal cymes.

1. P. tetraphyllum, L. Stems (3'- 6') forking, diffuse; leaves spatu-
late-obovate, the lower ones 4 in a whorl, the upper opposite ; sepals acute ;
stipules conspicuous. — Near Charleston. Introduced. Slay and June.

8. MOLLUGO, L.

Sepals 5. Petals none. Stamens 5 and alternate with the sepals, or 3 and
alternate with the cells of the ovary. Styles 3, short. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled,
many-seeded. — Prostrate diffusely-branched annuals. Leaves whorled. Flow-
ers white, on slender axillary peduncles.

1 . M. verticillata, L. Smooth ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, unequal, ia
whorls of 4-8; fruiting peduncles reflexed; stamens 3. — Cultivated ground,
common. Introduced. May - August.

9. SAGINA, L.

Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, entire, or wanting. Stamens 4-10. Styles 4-5,

alternate with the sepals. Capsule 4 - 5-valved ; the valves entire, opposite the

sejjals. — Small herbs, witli fdiform forking stems, subulate leaves, and solitary
flower.s.

1. S. Elliottii, Fonzl. Smooth; stems erect or ascending, tufted ; jK'dun-
clcs erect ; i)Ctals and sepals 5, equal, obtuse; stamens 10. (Spergula dccum-
bens, AV/ )-:- Damp oultivated ground, common. April -June. " — Stems
2' -6' high. Peduncles 2-3 times as long as the sharp-pointed leaves.

10. ALSINE, Tourn.

Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valvod, the
valves entire, opposite the inner sepals. — I-ow slender herbs, with linear or sub-
ulate leaves, and white cymose or solitary flowers.

CAUYOPHVLT-ACK.E. (fINK FAMILY.) 40

1. A. squarrosa, Fcnzl. Stems tiifccd ; leaves subulate, rigid, those of
the glandular flowering stems distant, of the sterile stems imbricated, with
spreading tips ; sepals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the capsule. (Arenaria squar-
rosa, .1//t7i.r.) — Dry sand-hills, West Florida and northward. April and May.
y. — Stems 6'- 10' high. Cymes few-flowered. Pedicels rigid.

2. A. glabra, Gray. Smooth ; stems filiform, sparingly branched ; leaves
tender, narrow-linear, obtuse, spreading ; cyme few-flowered, spreading ; sepals
oblong, oI)tusc, faintly 3-ribbed, as long as the capsule. (Arenaria glabra, Mic/ir.)
— Mountains of North Carolina. July. U ^ — Stems tufted, 4' - 6' liigh. Cymes
leafy. Pedicels setaceous. Leayes ^'- 1' long.

3. A. patula, Gray. Minutely pubescent; stem filiform, difTuscly branched
from the base ; leaves narrow-linear, spreading ; cyme spreading, few - many-
flowered ; pedicels very slender ; petals spatulate, emarginate, twice tlie length
of the lanceolate acute 3-5-nerved sepals. (Arenaria patula, Michx.) — llocks
around Knoxvillo, Tennessee, and northward. — Stems 6' -10' high.

4. A. Michauxii, Fenzl. Smooth; stems tufted, erect or difi^"ase, straight;
leaves linear-subulate, erect, spreading or recurved, much clustered in the axils ;
cymes spreading or contracted ; petals oblong-obovate, twice as long as the rigid
ovate acute .3-ribl)cd sepals. (Arenaria stricta, Michx.) — Rocks and bairen soil,
Georgia and northward. May and June. — Stems 3' - 10' high.

5. A. brevifolia. Stems smooth, not tufted, erect, filiform, simple,
2-5-flowered; leaves minute (l"-2"), erect, lance-subulate; sepals oblong,
obtuse, as long as the capsule ; petals twice as long as the sepals (Arenaria
brevifolia, Nutt.) — Eocks in the upper districts of Georgia. (J) — Stems 2' -4'
long, beai'ing 3 or 4 pairs of leaves. Flowers small, on filiform peduncles.

11. ARSNARIA, L. Sandwort.
Petals I-.*), or none. Styles 2-4. Capsule opening above by as many
valves as there are styles, each valve soon splitting into two pieces. Otherwise
like Alsine

1 . A. diffusa, Ell. Downy ; stem elongated, prostrate, alternately short-
branched ; leaves lanceolate ; peduncles longer than the leaves, lateral, re-
flexed in fruit ; petals 1-5, shorter than the sepals, often wanting. (Stellaria
elongata, Nutt. Micropetalon lanuginosuin, Pers.) — Shady banks, Florida to
North Carolina and westward. May- October. % — Stems 1° - 4° long.

2. A. serpyllifolia, L. Downy ; stems diffusely branched ; leaves small,
ovate, acute, the lowest narrowed into a petiole ; flowers cymose ; petals much
shorter than the lanceolate acuminate sepals. — Waste places, Florida and north-
ward. Introduced. April and M.iy. ® — Stems 6' - 12' long. Leaves i' long.

12. STSLLARIA, L. Ciiickweed. Starwort.

Sepals 4 - .«). Petals 4 - .5. 2-clcft, or 2-partcd. Stamens 3-10. S'yles 3-5,
opposite the sepals. Capsule 1 -celled, opening by twice as many valves as there
are styles, many-seeded. — Stems weak. Flowers white, on terminal peduncles,
becoming lateral in fruit.

50 CARTOrHYI.LACK.K, (piNK FAMILY.)

1. S. pubera, Michx. Perennial; stems ei-eet or diffuse, forking, hairy in
lines ; leaves ohlong, aciitish, narrowed at tlie base, sessile ; petals longer than
the sepals. — Sliady rocks in the upper districts and northward. April and
May. — Stems 6' -12' high. Flowers showy.

2. S. media, Smith. Aimual ; stems prostrate, forking, pubescent in lines;
leaves ovate or oblong, acute, the lower ones pctioled ; petals sliorter than the
sepals. — Yards and gardens. March and April. Introduced.

3. S. prostrata, Baldw. Smooth or nearly so ; stems forking, prostrate ;
leaves ovate, aculc, all on slender petioles, the lower ones often cordate ; petals
twice as long as the sepals ; seeds rough-edged. — Damp shades, Georgia, Flor-
ida, and westward. March and April, (x — Stems l°-2° long. Petiole
mostly longer than the limb.

4. S. uniflora, Walt. Smooth ; stems erect from a prostrate base ; leaves
remote, narrow-linear, sessile; peduncles very long (2' -4'), erect; petals obcor-
date, twice as long as the calyx. — Kiver swamps. South Carolina and North
Carolina. ]\Iay. ®? — Stems 6' -12' high. Leaves 1' long. — Perhaps a
species of Alsinc.

13. CERASTIUM, L. Mouse-ear.

Sepals 4-5. Petals 4 -5, obcordate or 2-cleft. Stamens 10. Styles 4-5.
Capsule cylindri<'al, 8- 10-toothed, many-seeded. — Herbs. Flowers white, soli-
tary or cymose, peduneled.

* Petals not longer than the srpnh.

1. C. vulgatum, L- Villous and somewhat clammy ; stems ascending ;
leaves oval, remote, the lowest obovate ; cymes crowded in the bud, spreading ia
fruit ; sepals lanceolate, acute, as long as the peduncles, and half as long as the
slender capsule. — Fields, Florida and northward. April and May. (I) —
Stems 6' -12' high.

2. C. visCOSUm, L. Hairy and clammy ; stems ascending ; leaves lance-
oblong, ()l)tti>e, iIk; lowest wedge-shaped; cymes loose in the bud ; sepals oblong-
ovate, obtuse, shorter than the peduncles. — Fields, Florida and northward.
April and May. Qj — Flowers and capsules larger than in No. 1 .

* * Petals longer than the sepals.

■3. C. arvense, L ITairy or downy; stems numerous, naked above ; leaves
narrftwiy or broadly lanceolate ; cymes rather few-flowered ; jn'tals obcordate,
twice as long as the oblong sepals. — Rocky or dry soil, chiefly in the upper
districts. May and June. H. — Stems 6'- 12' high. Leaves seldom l' long.
Flowers ^' wide. Capsule rather longer than the calyx.

4. C. nutans, Knf. Clammy-pubescent ; stems tufted, furrowed ; leaves
laiK-eohitc ; cymes amfde, many-flowered ; petals oltlong, einargimite, rather
longer than the olilong sef)als. — Low gronmls, North Carolina ami Tcnnesseo,
and northwaril. OD — Stems 1° high. Peduncles long. Capsule curved, three
times as long as the calyx.

CARTOrilYLLACE/K. (I'INK FAMILY.) 51

14. SILENE, L. Catcufly.

Sepals uiiitcil into a 5-toothcd tube. Petals 5, long-clawed, inserted with the
10 stamens on the stipe of the ovary, commonly crowned with two scales at the
base of the linih. Styles 3. Capsule 1-ceIlcd, or 3-cellcd at the base, openinj^
by 6 teeth, many-seeded. — Leaves mostly connate. Flowers cymose, often
showy.

* Perennials : Jlowers slioivi/.
-t- Petals gash-fimhriate, croimkss.

1. S. Stellata, Ait. Leaves in whorls of four, lance-ovate, acuminate,
the uppermost opposite ; flowers white, in a larfjc spreadinjj panicle ; calyx in-
flated, b:!ll-shaped. — Dry woods in the upper districts, and northward. June-
August. — Stems 2° -3° high, downy, branching above.

2. S. ovata, Pursh. Rough-pubescent; leaves large (4' -5'), opposite,
oblong-ovate, acuminate ; flowers white, in a contracted lanceolate panicle ;
calyx tubular. — JMountains of Georgia and Carolina. July. — Stems stout,
2° -4° high.

3. S. Baldwinii, Nutt. Villous ; stems low, slender, bearing nmners at
the creeping base ; leaves opposite, spatulate ; the upper ones oblong, sessile ;
cymes few-flowerod ; flowers very large, wliitc or pale rose-color, on slender ped-
icels ; calyx tubular. — Low shady woods, Georgia and Florida. April and
May. — Stems 6' -12' high. Leaves thin. Flowers 2' wide.

+- •<— Petals emarginatc or 2-cleft, crowned.

4. S. Virginica, L. Clammy-pubescent; leaves abruptly pointed, the low-
est ones clustered, spatuLite-obovate, on fringed petioles, the upper small, remote,
lanceolate, sessile ; cymes loosely few-flowered ; calyx tubular-club-shaped, ob-
long and nodding in fruit ; petals crimson, lanceolate, 2-cleft. — Rich open
woods, chiefly in the upper districts. June and July. — Stems l°-2° high.
Flowers 1' wide.

5. S. regia, Sims. Viscid-pubescent and roughish ; stem tall (3° -4°) and
erect, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the upper ones acuminate ; flowers
large, bright scarlet, short-stalked, clustered and forming a strict panicle ; calyx
long, cylindrical, striate, dilated in fruit; petals oblanceolate, generally entire;
stamens and style exserted. — Prairies of Alabama and westward. July.

6. S. rotundifolia, Kutt. Hairy and viscid ; stems weak, decumbent,
branched ; leaves thin, roundish, abruptly acuminate at each end, the lowest
obovate; flowers few, large, bright scarlet; calyx cylindrical; petals 2-clcft,
with the lobes cut-toothed. — Shady rocky banks, Tennessee and northward.
June -August. — Stems 2° long. Flowers showy.

7. S. Pennsylvanica, Michx. Clammy-pubescent; stems low, clus-
tered; lowest leaves spatulate-obovate, the Ujjper lance-oblong, mostly obtuse ;
cymes dense-flowered ; calyx club-shaped, erect ; petals white or rose-color, ob-
ovate, emarginate or entire. — Rocky hills, chiefly in the upper districts and
northward. March and April. — Stems 6' - 12' high.

52 MALVACE^. (mallow FAMILY.)

* * Aiumals: Jlowers small, crowned, erjxindiwj at nl(jht.

8. S. Antirrhina, L. Stem slender, smootliisli, elaimny below the upper
joints ; leaves linear, acute, sessile, the lowest laneeolate, narrowed into a petiole ;
flowers panii;led ; calyx smooth; petals obcordate, rose-colored. — Dry old
fields, Florida and northward. May and June. — Stems G' - 2° high, simple or
branched. FUjwcrs minute.

9. S. quinquevulnera, L. Hairy ; stem brancliinq: ; leaves spatulatc,
the upper ones linear; flowers in 1-sided racemes; calyx hairy; petals rounded,
entire, pink or crimson with a paler border. — Near Charleston. Naturalized.

— Stem l°liigh.

15. SAPONARIA, L. Soap wort.

Calyx tubular, terete, 5-toothed. Petals long-clawed. Stamens 10. Styles
2. Capsule sessile or short-stiped, 1-celled, or 2-celled at the base, 4-toothed at
the apex. — Cymes dense-flowered.

1. S. officinalis, L. Perennial ; stems stout, erect, smooth ; leaves ovate,
connate, strongly S-rihhed ; petals crowned, wiiite or rose-color, mostly double.

— Waste places. Naturalized. — Stems 1° - 2° high.

16. AGROSTEMMA, L. Corn-Cockle.

Calyx tubular, with 5 elongated linear deciduous lobes. Petals 5, entire,
croNvnlcss. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, .5-toothed. — Annual or
bieimial pubescent herbs, with linear leaves, and sliowy purple flowers on elon-
gated peduncles.

I. A. GithagO, L. Plant {\°-2° high) whitenc<l with long nppressed
hairs; stem forking; petals obovate, cmarginate, shorter tlian the lobes of the
calyx. — Grain fields. Introduced. June and July, (i) — Peduncles 4' -6'
lonir. Flowers 1' wide.

Ohder 22. 3IALVACE7E. (Malloav Family.)

Mucilaginous herbs or shrubs, with palmately veined alternate stipulate
leaves, and regular monadelphous flowers on jointed juchnulcs. — Sepals
.5, united at the base, valvate in the bud, persistent, otuii witii a calyx-
like involucel. Petals 5, convolute in the bud. Stamens nunuroiis. united
into a column which is continuous with the claws of the petals: anlhcrs
1-celled, opening transversely. Ovaries united into a ring, or forming a
several-celled capsule. Styh's separate or united. Seeds kidney-sliaped.
AlVmmen scarcer or none. Embryo large, curved, with h'afy colyiedons.
Pubescence connnoidy stellate. Pollen grains hisj>id

SynopNis.

Tridf. I. HIAl.VK^. — CnrpclK as mnny lui the HtlcmnN, 1 - fow-t>pp<lccl,(ll8po«(<cl In n rlrcle
itniiiiKl >i central nxW, FopnnitiiiK i>t iiiiiturlty from tliu axiii ttiul from I'lu'li otiiur. Ad-
thtrs boriip nt t'lc Mpcx <if tlio cnhniin.

MALVACEiE. (mALLOAV FAMILY.) 53

• Carpels 1 -seeded.
-^ Stigmas occupying the inner face of the styles.

1. MALVA. Carpels beakless. No process within.

2. CALLIKRIIOE. Carpels beaked, and bearing a dorsal process above the seed within.

t- -t- Stigmas capitate.

3. MALVASTRCM. Involucel 2-3-leaved. Ovule peritropous-ascending. Radicle inferior.

4. SIDA. Involucel none. Ovule resupinate-pendulous. Radicle superior.

* ♦ Carpels 2 - few-seeded. *

6. ABUTILON'. Carpels 1-celled. Involucel none.

6. MODIOLA. Carpels transversely 2-celled. Involucel 3-leaved.

Tribe. II. URENE^. — Carpels half as many as the stigmas, separating at maturity.
Anthers borne above the middle of the coliunn.

7. P.WOXIA. Carpels 5, dry, 1-seeded. Involucel 5 - 15-leaved.

Tribb in. XIIBISCEJE:. — Carpels as many as the stigmas, united and forming at ma-
turity a loculicidal capsule. Column bearing the anthers throughout, or from above the
middle.

8. KOSTELETZKTA. Cells of the depressed capsule 1-seeded.

9. IIIBISCUS. Cells of the globose or oblong capsule few -many -seeded.

1. MALVA, L. Mallow.

Involucel 3-lcavcrl, persistent. Petals obcordate. Styles 9 - 20, filiform, stig-
matic on the inner face. Carpels broadly reniform, beakless, 1-seeded, indehis-
cent, disposed in a circle around the central axis, from whicli they separate at
maturity. Embryo nearly annular. Radicle inferior. — Herbs. Leaves round-
ed. Flowers axillary, not yellow.

1 . M. rotundifolia, L. Stems several, prostrate ; leaves long-petioled,
round-cordate, crenate and crenately-lobed ; flowers single or clustered, white
veined with pm-ple ; carpels even. — Around dwellings. Introduced. IJ..

2. CALLIRRHOE, Nutt.

Involucel 1 -.3-lcavcd and persistent, or none. Petals wedge-shaped, entire,
or crenr.te. Styles as in Malva. Carpels numerous, with a short and naked
beak, and a ligulate dorsal process below the beak within. Embryo cun-cd.
Radicle inferior. — Perennial herbs. Leaves palmately-lobed, or angled. Flow-
ers showy, purple or whitish.

1. C. triangulata, Gray. Rough-pubescent; stem ascending from a
perpendicular rhizoma, branching above; leaves triangular, coarsely and une-
qually crenate, the lowest ones long-petioled and cordate, the upper 3 - 5-lobcd ;
flowers approximate, panicled, longer than the pedicels ; involucel 3-leaved, the
leaves linear; carpels at length 2-valved. (Malva triangulata, Zecu'enji-ortA.) —
Dry soil in the upper districts of Alabama to North Carolina and northwestward.
July. — Stem 2° - 3° high. Flowers 1 ' - 1^' wide, pui-ple.

2. C. Papaver, Cray. Rough with scattered appressed and rigid hairs ;
stems low, simple ; leaves 3 - 5-parted ; the lobes oblong or lanceolate, toothed
or entire; flowers few, solitary, axillary, long-pednncled ; involucel 1 -3-leaved,
or none; petals finely crenate ; carpels indehiscent. — Rich open woods. Georgia,

5*

54 malvace.t:. (:\iai.low family.)

Florida, and westward. May - September. — Stems 1° hi^'h. Flowers purple,
2' wide, on peduncles which are sometimes 1° long.

3. C. aleaeoides, Gray. Strigose-pubescent ; stems slender (1° high);
lower leaves triangular-cordate, incised ; the upper 5 - 7-parted, laciniatc, the
uppermost divided into linear segments ; flowers corymbose, on slender j>edun-
cles (rose-color or white) ; involuccl none ; carpels obtusely beaked, crested and
strongly wrinkled on the back. (Sida alcasoides, Miclix.) — Barren oak lands,
Tennessee.

3. MALVASTRUM, Gray.

Involucd 1-3-lcaved or none. Styles 5-20. Stigmas capitate. Car])cls

beaked or beakless, 1 -seeded. Seed ascending. Embryo curved or annular.

Radicle inferior. — Herbs or shrubby plants, rough with rigid hairs. Flowers
yellow.

1. M. tricuspidatum, Gray. Perennial or shrubby; stem branching;
leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, serrate, acute, pctioled ; stipules lanceolate ; flow-
ers in leafy spiked racemes ; petals obliquely truncated ; carpel.i 10-12, more or
less distinctly 3-toothed or awncd at the apex. — South Florida. — Stems 1° high.
Involucel 3-leaved.

2. M. angustum, Gray. Annual ; stem erect, br.mching ; leaves lanceo-
late, sparingly serrate, short-petioled ; stipules bristle-like ; flowers axillar}-,
mostly solitary ; involucel setaceous, 2 -3-leaved; carpels 5, circular, awnlcss,
at length 2-valved. (Sida hispida, Pursh. '' Ell. ?) — South Carolina and west-
ward. — Stems G'- 12' high. Calyx enlarged in fruit.

4. SIDA, L.

Involucel none. Calyx angular. Styles .5 - l.*). Stigmas capitate. Ovaries
1-celled. Carpels erect, mostly 2-valved and 2-beaked at tiie apex, separating
at maturity from each other, and from the central axis. Seed resupinate, sus-
pended, 3-anglcd. Embryo curved. Radicle superior. — Branching herbs or
shrubs, with chiefly undivided leaves, and small yellow or reddish flowers in
their axils.

* Leavfis, at least the lower ones, cordate. : carpels 5.

1. S. spinosa, L. Annual, minutely pubescent; branches erect; leaves
oblong-ovatc, acute, serrate, the slender petioles often with a tubercular spine at
the ba.sc, the lower ones cordate; stipules setaceous, half as long as the petioles ;
flowers single or clustered, on short erect peduncles ; caipcls faintly reticulated,
each pointed with two erect subulate spines. — Waste places, Florida and north-
ward. July -September. — Stems l''-2° high. Flowers i' wide, yellow.

2. S. SUpina, L'ller. Perennial, tomentose ; stems divided at the base
into flcndcr siin[)lo ascending or prostrate branches ; leaves all round-cordate,
crenafc, rounded at the ai)ex, hoary beneath ; the slender i)etioles spineless nt
tlmbase; stipules minute, subulate, deciduous; flowers solitary; the j)edunclcs
half as long n^ the petioles and reflexed in fruit ; carpels downy, reticulated,
almost hcaklcss, opening irregularly near the membrainiecous base. (S. ovnta,
Cav. S. procumbcns, Sivarlz.) — South Florida. October. — Stems C'-12'

MALVACEiE. (mALLOW FAMILY.) 55

long; leaves i'-l'long; tlie limb scarcely longer than tlie petiole. Flowers
yellow, not half as large as in the preceding.

* * Leaves not cordate : carpels 7 -12.

3. S. Stipulata, Cav. Nearly siAooth ; stem erect or curving ; leaves and
branches distichous ; leaves lanceolate and oblong, acute, unequally serrate, on
short petioles ; stipules linear-subulate, longer than the petioles, smootli, per-
sistent ; flowers single or clustered, on peduncles 3-4 times as long as tlie pe-
tioles ; carpels 10, strongly reticulated, pointed with two short and incurved
spines. (S. glabra, Nult.) — Waste places and around dwellings, Florida.
June - November, (i; or y. — Stems 1°- 3° high. Leaves 2' - 3' long. Flow-
ers 1' wide, yellow, expanding at mid-day. Petals obliquely obcordatc.

4. S. rhombifolia, L. Downy ; stems erect, much branched ; leaves
rhombic-oblong, olituse at each end, serrate, short-pctioled, pale beneath ; stip-
ules setaceous, longer than the petioles, caducous ; peduncles solitary, more tli.in
half as long lus the leaves ; carpels 10-12, even, pointed with a single subulate
spine, indehiscent. — Around dwellings, Florida to North Carolina and westward.
July- October. ® — Stems 2^-3° high. Leaves 2' - 3' long. Flowers yel-
low, smaller than in No. 3.

5. S. ciliai'is, Cav. Eough with appressed rigid hairs ; stems prostrate ;
leaves elliptical, obtuse at both ends, serrate above the middle, smooth above,
the uppermost approximate ; stipules setaceous, and like the calyx fringed with
long hairs ; flowers nearly sessile in the axils of the upper leaves ; carpels 7,
strongly reticulated, pointed with two minute barbed spines. — Key West. y. —
Stems 6' long. Leaves ^'-1' long. Flowers small, red.

6. S. Elliottii, Torr. & Gray. Perennial ; stems slender, rougliish, erect,
with long and straight branches ; leaves smoothish, lanceolate or linear, acute,
serrate, on short petioles ; stipules setaceous ; flowers large, single ; peduncles
longer than the petioles ; carpels 10-12, strongly reticulated, truncate or slightly
2-pointed. (S. gracilis, Ell., not of Rich.) — Open woods, Florida to North Car-
olina and westward. July- October. — Stems 1° - 3° high. Leaves 1' -2' long.
Flowers I'wide, yellow.

7. S. Lindheimeri, Engel. & Gray. Stem shrubby, smooth, slender, much
branched ; leaves rigid, naiTow-Iincar, obtuse, serrate, paler and downy beneath,
the short petioles spineless at the base ; stipules subulate, persistent, as long as
the petioles ; peduncles about as long as the leaves ; carpels 10, faintly reticu-
lated, pointed with two short and broad spines. — Key West. — Stems 1° high.
Leaves 1' long. Petals barely exceeding the calyx in length.

5. ABUTILON, Toum. Indian Mallow.

Involucel none. Stigma capitate. Ovaries 5 or more, 1-celled, 2-9-ovuled.
Carpels 1 - 6-seeded, partly 2-valved, tardily separating from each other or from
the central axis. Eadicle ascending. — Leaves cordate. Flowers yellow, white,
or purplish.

1. A. Avicennae, Gaertn. Tomentose ; leaves round-cordate, acuminate,
ci-enate ; peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered, shorter than the long petioles ; car-

56 MALVACEAE. (jIALLOW FAMILY.)

pels 12-14, hairy, inflated, truncate, S-seeded, with two lonfj and spreading
spines. — Waste places cliiefly in the middle and upper districts. Introduced, (i)
— Stem 2° - 5° high. Leaves 4' -6' wide. Flowers orange-red.

2. A. Hulseanuni, Torr. Stem liispidly pilose ; leaves orbicular-ovate,
abruptly acnniiiiate, velvety beneath with a whitish pubescence, rou<j;liish-tomen-
tose above, crcnatc-dentate ; peduncles axillary in the upper leaves, several-
flowered ; styles about 12. — Tampa Bay, Florida. — Leaves 3 inches or more
ia diameter. Flowers 1^-' in diameter, purplish ; pedicels very short.

3. A. Jacquini, Don. Stem erect (2° -3°), branching, smooth or soft-
downy ; leaves lonj^'-petioled, cordate or oblong-cordate, acuminate, unequally
crcnatc, velvety on both surfaces and hoary beneath, or roughish above; pedun-
cles solitary in the upper axils, 1-flowcrcd, about the Icngtii of the petioles, or the
upper ones longer ; lobes of the calyx ovate or oblong, shorter than the yellow
petals ; cai-pels 8 - 10, j-igid, hairy, longer than the calyx, acute or beaked, 3-sccded.
(A. pcraffine, Sluittl. Lavatera Americana, L. Sida abutiloides, Jacq. S. lig-
nosa, Cuv.) — South Florida. — Flowers 9"- 12" wide.

4. A. crispum, Gray. Hoaiy-tomentose ; stem sparingly branched ;
loaves round-cordate, acuminate, finely crenate ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
elongated, filiform, refracted after flowering ; carpels 10, beaklcss, inflated, cor-
rugated, hispid, 2-seedcd. — Key "West. — Stem slender, \°-2° high. Leaves
1'- 2' long, the upper ones nearly sessile. Peduncles as long as the leaves.
Flowers 4" - G" wide, white.

6. MODIOLA, Mcrnrh.

Involuccl 3-leavcd, persistent. Stamens 10-20. Ovaries 14-20, transversely
2-ceikd, each cell 1-ovulcd. Stigmas capitate. Caqjcls 2-valved, 2-seeded, sep-
arating at matuiity from each other and from the central axis, each valve tipped
with a skndor spine. — Prostrate herbs, with palmately divided leaves, and small
axillary flowers.

1. M. multiflda, Mcsnch. Hirsute; stems diflTusc ; leaves long-petioled,
cordate-ovate, more or less deeply 5 - 7-parted ; the divisions lobed and toothed ;
peduncles longer than the petioles ; carpels hispid. (Malva Caroliniana, L.) —
Waste places, Florida to North Carolina and westward. July - October, y. —
Stems 1° -2° long. Earliest leaves orbicular, undivided. Petals red, as long
as the calyx.

7. PAVONIA, Cav.

Tnvolucol r> - ir)-lcaved, persistent. Ovaries 5, 1-cellcd, 1-ovnled. Stigmns 10.
capitate Carpels indehiscent or somewhat 2-valvcd, naked or armed at the
apex with three hispid awns, separating nt maturity. Embryo incurved. Rad-
icle inferior.— Chiefly shmbs, with pctioled stipulate leaves, and solitary flow-
ers on axillary peduncles.

1. P. LeCOntoi, Torr. & Oray. Stf-m mii<]i lirnnfhed, rongbi'^hpubeR-
cent ; leaves ovate or somewhat sagittate, obtusely tooibed, densely pubescent

BIALVACE^. (mallow FAMILY.) 57

and hoary beneath, rough above, longer than the petioles ; involucel of 5 - 6
ovate loaves, which are slightly united at the base ; carpels obovate, awnlcss,
strongly reticulate. — South Georgia, collected by Leconte. — Stem 4° - 5° high.
Leaves 1' long. Flowers large, pale red.

8. KOSTELETZKYA, Presl. (Hibiscus, L. in part.)

Capsule depressed, the cells 1 -seeded. — Otherwise as in Hibiscus.

1. K. Virginica, Presl. Rough-hairy ; stem erect, stout, branching ;
lower leaves ovate, cordate, serrate, mostly 3-lobcd, the upper ones narrower
and usually entire; flowers (pui-ple) in terminal racemes. — Var. althe.4:folia.
(Hibiscus altheajfolius, Shuttl. ) Densely stellate-pubescent and somewhat hoary ;
leaves all undivided, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, unequally toothed-
serrate ; racemes dense-flowered ; capsule hirsute. — Var. smilacifolia. (Hi-
biscus smilacifolius, Shuttl.) Stem more slender, smoothish below; leaves all
hastate, with lanceolate serrate lobes ; racemes few-flowered. — Marshes and low
grounds near the coast, Florida and northward (the varieties near Manatee,
South Florida, Rugel). July - September, l). — Stem 2° -4° high. Flow-
ers l^'-2' wide.

. 9. HIBISCUS, L. Rose-Mallow.

Involucel many-leaved or many-cleft, and, like the calyx, persistent. Stigmas
5, peltate or capitate. Capsule globose or oblong, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-
valved, many-seeded. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees, ■with petioled stipulate leaves,
and large showy flowers, on axillary peduncles.

* Leaves of tJie involucel forked.

1. H. aculeatus, Walt. Muricate-hispid ; leaves round-cordate, divided
into 3 - .5 coarsely toothed and spreading lobes, the upper ones narrower and
mostly entire ; flowers yellow, with a purple centre, short-peduncled ; involucel
10- 12-lcaved ; capsule hispid ; seeds smooth. — Margins of swamps and ponds,
Florida to South Carolina, and westward. July. 1]. — Stems 2° - 6° high.
Flowers 4' wide.

* * leaves of the involucel entire.
■^ Perennial herbs : stipules deciduous.

2. H. Moscheutos, L. Tomentose; leaves broadly ovate, acuminate,
toothed-serrate, mostly 3-lobed above the middle, rounded or slightly cordate at
the base, hoary beneath ; peduncles often partly adnate to the petioles ; flowers
white or pale rose-color with a crimson centre ; seeds smooth. — Ponds and
marshes, Georgia, northward and westward. July. — Stems 3° - 5° high.
Leaves 3' -.5' long. Flowers 4' - 5' wide.

3. H. ineanus, Wendl. Leaves lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, not lobed,
slightly cordate, acuminate, finely serrate, hoary on both sides ; flowers pale
yellow with a crimson centre, often umbelled ; peduncles mostly free from the
petioles ; capsule and seeds smooth. — Ponds and marshes, Florida to South
Carolina, and westward. June and July. — Stems 2° - 5° high. Leaves 3' - 6'
long. Flowers 6' - 8' wide. - ♦

58 BTTTNERIACE^. (bYTTNERIA FAMILY.)

4. H. grandiflorus, Michx. Tomcntose ; leaves round-ovate, cordate,
mostly 3-lobcd, toothed-serrate, lioary beneath ; flowers very large, pale rose-
color with a deep red centre ; peduncles free from tiic petioles ; .capsule velvety ;
seeds smooth. — Marslies near the coast, Florida, Gcor<;ia, and westward. July.
— Stems several from one root, 3° - 5° high. Leaves 4'-6' long and nearly
the same in width. Flowers 10' - 12' wide.

5. H. Carolinianus, Muhl. ? Ell. Smooth ; leaves cordate-ovate, acu-
minate, serrate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed ; flowers pui-ple ; peduncles slightly
adhering to the petioles ; seeds hispid. — On Wilmington Island, Georgia. July
-September. — Stems 4° -G° high. Leaves 4' -6' long. Flowers 6' - 8'wide. (•)

6. H. militaris, Cav. Smooth; leaves thin, on long and slender petioles,
serrate, slightly cordate, the lower ones roundish, 3-5-lol)ed, the upper ovate-
lanceolate, entire or somewhat hastate, with rounded lobes ; peduncles shorter
than the petioles ; calyx inflated ; corolla tubular-campanulatc, pale rose-color
with a red centre ; seeds silky. — Kiver-banks in the upper districts, and westward.
July and August. — Stems 3° - 4° high. Leaves 3' - 5' long. Corolla 2^' long.

7. H. COCCineus, Walt. Smooth ; stem glaucous ; leaves long-petioled,
5-partcd to the base, the lobes lanceolate, remotely toothed, with long-tapering
entire tips ; corolla expanding, briglit scarlet ; petals long-clawed ; seeds pu-
bescent. (II. speciosus, Ait ) — Deep marshes near the coast, Florida, Georgia,
and westward. July and August. — Stems 4° - 8° high. Leaves 6' - 12' long.
Corolla 6' - 8' wide. Column of stamens naked below.

■>- -t- Trees or shi'ubs : stipules pcisistent.

8. H. FloridanuS, Shuttl. Hispid ; leaves small, ovate, obtuse, cre-
nate-serrate, often cordate, and slightly 3-lobcd ; peduncles longer than the
leaves ; corolla tubular-campanulate, crimson ; column of stamens exserted ;
seeds woolly. (Malvaviscus Floridanus, Ahttt.) — South Florida. — Shrub 4° -5"
high, branching. Leaves ^' - 1' long. Stipules subulate. Flowers 1' long.

9. H. tiliaceus, L. Leaves orbicular-cordate, acuminate, slightly cre-
nate, hoary-tomentosc beneath ; stipules large, oblong, clasping ; involucel 9 -
10-tootlied ; capsule tomcntose ; seeds smooth. — South Florida. — A large tree.
Leaves 3' -4' long. Flowers yellow ?

H. ESCULENTUS, L. (II. Collinsiauus, Nutt.?) is the garden Okua.
H. Syriacus, L., the ALTiiiEA, is everywhere cultivated.

To this family belongs the Cotton-plant (Gosstpium, L), the numerous
varieties of which are now referred to two species, viz. the Short Staple or
Upland (G. album, Ham.), and the Long Staple or Sea Island (G. ni-
grum. Ham.).

Order 23. BYTTNERIACE/E. (Byttneria Family.)

Chiefly trees or shrubs difTerinfr from Malvacca) in bavins; definite
stamens, of wbicb those opposite the petals are usually sterile, 2-( elled
anthers, with smooth pollen-grains, and a straight embryo- — Ovary
8-5-cclled, rarely 1 -celled.

TILIACE^. (lINDKN FAMILY.) 59

1. AYENIA, L.

Involuccl none. Caly.K .^-parted. Petals on long capillary claws, connivent
over the stigma. Fertile stamens 5, alteniating with 1-2 sterile ones, their fila-
ments united into a pedicellate cup. Style single. Stigma 5-angled. Capsule
5-lobed, .5-celled, loculieidally 5-valved, the cells 1-seeded. — Low shrubby plants,
with mmute axillary flowers. Capsule rough. Albumen none.

I. A. pusilla, L. Stems mostly simple, prostrate, downy; leaves (4"-
8' long) roundish or oblong, coarsely serrate; peduncles solitary, reflexed in
fruit ; capsule depressed, murieate. — South Florida. IJ. — Stems G' - 12' long.
Flowers [iurj)le.

2. WALTHERIA, L.

Invo'.uccl 3-leaved, deciduous. Calyx .5-cleft. Petals .5, spatulate, convolute
in the bud. Stamens 5, united below. Ovary 1-cellcd, 2-ovuled. Style single.
Stigma penicillate or tuberculate. Capsule 2-valved, 1-seeded. Embryo in the
a.xis of fleshy albumen. — Herbs or shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small flow-
ers in a.xillary clusters.

1. W. Americana, L. Stem erect, villous ; leaves ovate or oblong, acute
or obtuse, sen-ate, plicate, tomcntose on both surfaces ; heads of flowers globose,
stalked, or subsessile and shorter than the petioles, tlic upper ones often spiked ;
calyx hirsute ; flowers yellow. — South Florida. — Stem 2° - 3° high, rigid.
Leaves l'-2' long.

Order 24. TILTACE/E. (Lixden Family.)

Trees, rarely liorbs. Ivcaves alternate, witb deciduous stipules. Flow-
ers axillary or extra-axillary, hypogynous, polyandrous. Sepals 4-5,
valvate in tlie bud, deciduous. Petals 4-5, convolute or imbricated in tbe
bud. Stamens distinct or united in clusters: anthers 2-cclled, tbe pollen
grains smooth. Style single. Stigma 4-10-lobod. Capsule 2 -5-celled,
1 - many-s(X'ded. Seeds anatropous. Embryo in the a-\is of fl^.~hy albu-
men. Cotyledons flat, leafy.

1. TILIA, Toum. Linden. Basswood.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, imbricated in the bud. Stamens numerous, united in 5
clusters, with a jtetal-like ajipendage (sterile stamen) opposite each petal. Ovary
5-eelled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Stigma 5-Iobed Capsule 1-celled, 1-2-
seeded. — Trees, with cordate leaves, and several-flowered axillary peduncles,
which are connate below with a large ligulate veiny bract. Flowers cream-color.

1 . T. Americana, L. Leaves smooth and green on both surfaces, ob-
liquely cordate or truncate at the base, sharply serrate. — Mountains of Georgia
and northward. June. — A large tree. LeaA-es 4'-5' wide.

2. T. pubescens. Ait. Leaves hoary -tomentose on both surfixces, becom-
ing smoothish above, obliciuoly truncate at the base, mucronate-serrate. — Rich
soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. June. — Leaves 4' - 5' wide.

60 CAMELLiAc;:.E. (camellia family.)

3. T. heterophylla, Vent. Leaves larger (6' -8' wide), deep green
above, white-tomeutose beneath. — Mountains of North Carohna. — June and
July.

2. CORCHORUS, L.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, oonvolute in the bud. Stamens mostly numerous, sep-
arate. Style slender. Stigma dilated, crenuiate. Capsule mostly elongated,
siliquc-like, loculicidally 2-valvcd, many-seeded. — Herbs or sbrubby plants,
with alternate serrate petioled leaves, and small yellow flowers on short pedun-
cles opposite the leaves. Stipules deciduous.

I.e. siliquosus, L. Stem much branched, hairy in lines ; leaves ovate
and lanceolate, smooth; peduncles 1 -2-flowered ; stamens numerous; capsule
linear, comjircssed, 2-celled, many-seeded. — Near Mobile, Alabama, and Key
West. — Stems 1° - 2° high. Capsule 2' long.

Order 25. CAMELLIACEiE. (Camellia Family.)

Trees or shrubs, with alternate exstipulate leaves, and rejiiilar hypo-
gynous polyamlrous showy flowers. — Sepals and petals .3-G, imbricated
in the bud. Stamens numerous, united at the base into a ring, or into
sets placed opposite the petals, and adnate to their bases : anthers 2-celk'd,
introrse. Ovary 2-5-celled, 2 - many-ovuled. Styles 2-5, distinct or
united. Capsule 2-5-celled, mostly loculicidally dehiscent. Albumen
scarce or none.

1. GORDONIA, Ellis. Loblolly-Bay.

Sepals 5, roundish, concave. Petals H, thick, obovate, united at the base.
Stamens united into 5 sets. Ovary 5-celled, with 4-8 jjcndulous ovules in each
cell. Styles united. Capsule loculicidally 5-valvcd, woody. Seeds angular or
ringed. Flowers axillary.

§ I. GouDONiA proper. — Staynens short, inserted into theflishi/ 5-!ol)id cup irliirh
adiiercs to tilt bitsc of the petals ; capsule ovoid, b-vulved. — Leaves coriuctous, juren-
nial. Flowers long-peduncled.

1. G. Lasianthus, L. Sepals and petals silky; leaves obovate-oblong,
naiTOwed into a petiole, linely serrate. — Swamps in the lower districts, Florida
to North Carolina, and westward. July and August. — A tree ;;0° - 50° high.
Flowers 2' wide, white.

I) 2. Fkankmnia. — Stamens lonfj, distinct, inserted into the Itase. of the petals;
capsule (jloliose, londicidalli/ b-valved above the middle, and scpticidalli/ ^ivalrrd below.
— Leaves dreiduons.

2. G. pubCSCCnS, L'llerit. Sepals and petals silky ; lenvos obovate-
oblong, sliarply sciratf, wiiite JKiirMili ; llowcrs short pi'dnnclcd — Cieorgia and
Florida, near tiic coast. — A small tree. Flowers .'3' wide, white.

OLACACE^E. (XIMENIA FAMILY.) 61

2. STUARTIA, Catesb.
Sepals 5 - G, silky, 1 -2-brac'tc(l. Petals 5-6, obovate, crcnulate, silky. Sta-
mens united into a ring at the base, and adnate to the base of the petals. Ovary
5-celled, with two anatropous ovules in eaeh cell. Styles 5, distinct or united.
Capsule ovoid, woody, 5-valved ; tlie cells 1 - 2-seeded. — Shrubs, with alternate
leaves, and large white or cream-colored flowers on short axillary peduncles.

<j 1. Stuartia. — Stjles united : capsule globose : seeds not margined.

1 . S. Virginica, Cav. Sepals 5, roundish ; petals 5, round-obovatc ;
leaves oval, thin, serrulate, finely pubescent. (S. Malachodendron, L) — Shady
woods, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. April and May. — Shrub 8°-
120high. Flowers 2'- 3' wide. Stamens purple.

4 2. Malachodendron. — Styles separate : capsule ovate, acuminate : seeds

margined.

2. S. pentagyna, L'Her. Sepals and petals 5-6, the latter obovate, with
jagged edges ; loaves oval, acute. — Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina.
May- July. — Shrub similar to the preceding, the leaves and flowers rather
larger, and longer staiucns.

Order 2G. OLACACEiE. (Ximenia Family.)

Trees or shrubs, with alternate entire petioled and exstipulate leaves,
and regular hypogyiious perfect or polygamous flowers, in axillary ra-
cemes or corymbs. — Calyx truncate or 4 - 5-tootlied, persistent. Petals
4-5, distinct or partly united, valvate in the bud. Stamens mostly twice
as many as the petals, and iu>ertcd into their bases: anthers introrse.
Ovary 1 - 4-celled. Ovules few, anatropous. Style single, iiliform. Fruit
drupaceous, often surrounded with the enlarged calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Embryo straight in the axis of fleshy albumen.

1. XIMENIA, Plum.
Calyx small, 4-toothed. Petals 4, united at the base, villous within. Sta-
mens 8. Ovary 4-('cilcd. the cells .3-4-ovulcd. Drupe baccate; not enclosed
in the calyx. — Thorny trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers axillaiy,
single or corymbose.

1. X. Americana, L. Smooth; leaves 2-3 together, oblong, obtuse,
short-pctiolcd ; peduncles 2 -4-flowered, shorter than the leaves; petals thick,
lanceolate, spreading above, rusty-hairy within. — Key West. — Thorns stout,
^' long. Leaves 2' long. Flowers small, yellow. Drupe yellow, roundish, as
lai'ge as a plum. Nut white, globose.

Order 27. AURANTIACE^, (Orange Family.)

Tlie Orange, Lemon, and Lime (species of Citrus, L.) are com-
monly cultivated in the warmer parts of the Southern States, and the
6

62 LINACE.E. (flax FAMILY.)

BiTTF.R-SAVF.ET Orangk (C. wlgaijis, liisso) is Completely naturalized
in some portions of South Florida.

The Pride of India, or Cmina-Tkl;i: (Melia Azederacii, L.) belongs
to the allied Order ilELiACEiK.

Dnnicii 28. CEDRELACEiE. (Mahogany Family.)

LofI y trees, Avitli hard and colored ■wood, pinnate exstipulate leaves, and
regular hypogynous panicled flowers. — Sepals 3-5, often more or less
united. Petals 3 - 5, convolute in the bud. Stamens twice as many as
the petals, distinct or united into a tube, and inserted with the petals into
an hypogynous disk. Ovary 3 - 5-celled, with few or many ovules in each
cell. Style single. Capsule woody, 3 - 5-celled, 3 - 5-valved, the valves
at length separating from the thick angular or winged axis. Seed anatro-
pous, winged. Albumen fleshy or none. Cotyledons leafy.

1. SWIETENIA, L. Maiiogant.
Calyx 5-cIcft. Petals 5. Stamens 10, united into ii 10-toothed tube, which
encloses the 10 anthers. Style short. Stiiina 5-r:iycd. Capsule 5-ccllcd,
5-valved, with the numerous suspended seeds imbricated in two rows — A large
tree, with hard reddish-brown wood. Leaves alternate, abruptly j>innate. Ijoaf-
lets 6-10, opposite, entire, ovate-lanceolate, unequal at tbe base. Flowers
greenish-yellow, in axillary panicles. Capsule ovate, as large as an Orange.

1. S. Mahogoni, L. South Florida.

OuDEU 29. LINACEiE. (Flax Family.)

Chiefly herbs, with entire exstipulate leaves, and regular hypogynous
racemose or panicled flowers. — Sepals 4-5, imbricated in the bud, pei^
eistent. Petals 4-5, convolute in the bud, deciduous. Stamens 4-5,
united at the ba.se. Styles 4-5, rarely united. Capsule globose, splitting
into five 2-seeded carpels, which are more or kv^s perfectly 2-celled and
2-valved. Seeds ajiatropous, suspended. Cotyledons flat.

1. LINUM, L. Flax.

Sepals, |iitals, stamens, aild styles 5. Capsule partly or completely 10-cclled,
the cells 1 -seeded ; seeds compressed, oily. — Stems slender. Leaves narrow
and mostly altPiTiatc. Peduncle 1 -flowered, borne above or opposite the leaves.

1. L. Virginianum, L. (Wild Flax.) Leaves lanceolate, acute, the
lower ones opposite and obtuse ; flowers scatteiTd in corymbose racemes ; sepals
smooth, ovate, neiite ; styles distinct; <'n|)sulc deprcsscd-nloliose, lOcclled. —
Varies with plandnlar sepals, lar^rer f^lobose-ovate (•a))siiles, and iiiuar leaves —
Sterile soil, Florida and northward. July. y. — Stem slender, often much
branched, 2° Iiigh. Flov/ers yellow.

ZTGOniYLLACEiE. (bEAN-CAPEU FAMILY.) 63

2. L. Boottii, rianchon. Leaves linear, acute ; flowers scattered in cymosc
racemes ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 3-nervcd, fringed with glandular hairs ; styles
united below the middle ; capsule imperfectly 10-celled, globose. — Dry soil,
North Carolina and northward. July. — Stems l°-2° high. 'Flowers larger
than in No. 1, sulphur-yellow.

3. L. striatum, Walt. " Flowers terminal ; leaves subovate, alternate,
the nen'e and margins dccurrent on the stem ; stem branched, striate." — South
Carolina, Walter. (*)

Order 30. OXALIDACE^. (Wood-Sorrel Family.)

Chieliy herbs, with sour juice, alternate compound leaves, and regular
hypogynous decandrous flowers. — Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud, per-
sistent. Petals 5, convolute in the bud, deciduous. Stamens more or less
united. Styles 5, distinct. Ovary S-celled. . Capsule 5-celled, the cells
few-seeded. Seeds anatropons, pendulous. Embryo straight in the axis
of fleshy albumen. Cot}k'dons flat.

1. OXALIS, L. Woob-SoRREL.

Capsule .5-Iobcd ; the cells loculicidally dehiscent on the back, 1 -few-seeded.
Seed-coat loose and separating. — Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaflets obcordatc.

1. O. violaeea, L. (Purple Wood-Sorrel.) Stemless ; root tuber-
ous ; scapes uniholiately 4 - 6-flowered ; flowers pur])le, nodding. — Rich woods,
West Florida to North Carolina, and westward. May and June. — Scapes and
petioles .5' - 9' high.

2. O. Acetocella, L. (White Wood-Sorrel) Stemless; root creep-
ing ; scape 1 -flowered ; flower white, veined with red. — Mountains of North
Carolina and northward. June. — Scape and petioles hairy, 2'- 5' high.

3. O. Stricta, L. (Yellow Wood-Sorrel.) Stems branching, leafy;
peduncles axillary, 2-C-flowercd, longer than the leaves ; flowers yellow ; cap-
sule elongated, erect. — Dry soil, common and varying greatly. April -De-
cember. ® and H. — 0. recurva and 0. furcata, Eli, and 0. Lyoni, Ph., are
forms of this.

Order 31. ZYGOPHYI.LACEi^t:. (Bean-Caper Family.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with hard wood, opposite pinnate dotless stipu-
late leaves, and regular hypogynous mostly decandrous flowers. — Sepals
and petals 5-6, imbricated or convolute in the bud. Stamens distinct,
often appendaged. Ovary 2-12-celled, with the styles united. Capsule
composed of 2-12 indeliiscent carpels, which separate from each other
and often from a central axis at maturity. Embryo straight. Cotyledons
flat. Radicle superior.

64 GERANIACE^. (GERANIUM FAMILY.)

Synopsis.

1. TUIBULUS. Carpels 5, transTersely few-celled, few-seeded. Herbs.

2. KALLSTROMIA. Carpels 10. 1 celled, 1 -seeded. Herbs.

3. GUAIACUM. Carpels 2-5, compressed. 1-sccded. Trees.

1. TRIBULUS, L.

Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Stamens 10. Ovary 5-ccllcd,
with 3-5 susj)cndcd ovules in each cell. Carpels of the fruit 5, spiny on the
back, transversely divided into 2 -.5 one-seeded cells, separating at maturity, with-
out a central axis. Albumen none. — Prostrate herbs. Leaves abruptly pinnate.
Peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered.

1. T. cistoid.es, L. Leaves unequal ; leaflets 6- 16, linear-oldong, mucro-
natc, silky bcneatli ; peduncles as long as the leaves ; flowers large, yellow. —
Key "West. — Stems l°-2° long, hairy. Petals 2-3 times as long as the
calyx,

2. KALLSTROMIA, Scop.

Sepals 5-6, persistent, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 10-12. Ovary 10-
12-cellcd, the cells 1-ovuled. Carpels of the fruit 10-12, separating from each
other and from the central axis. Albumen none. — liuiry herljs, with the habit
of Tri HULLS.

1 . K. maxima, Torr. & Gray. Leaves nearly equal ; leaflets 6-8, ob-
liquely oblong, mucronatc, the terminal pair larger ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; petals as long as the bristly CJilyx, yellow ; carpels rugose on the back.
— Key West and Savannah. — Stems l°-2° long.

3. GUAIACUM, Plum.

Sepals 5, deciduous. Stamens 10, with naked filaments. Ovary stalked,
2 - ."i-eelled, the cells 8-10-ovided. Carpels of the fruit 2-5, compressed, 1-
seeded Seed-coat fleshy. Embryo straight in hard thin albumen. — Trees.
Leaflets reticulate. Flowers blue or purple.

1. G. sanctum, L. Branches opposite and forking, jointed, pubescent
when young; leaflets 6 or 8, obliquely obovatc or oblong, mucronatc, entire;
peduncles single or clustered at the forks of the branches, 1 -flowered, shorter
than the leaves ; sepals and petals obtuse ; flowers blue. — South Florida. — A
small tree with white bark. Flowers ^' wide. Fruit obovatc.

Ordeu*32. GERANIACEiE. (Geranium Family.)

Herbs or slinibby jdants, with tumid joints, alternate or opposite pal-
mately lobed stij)uhite leaves, ami liy])()gvnoiis and deeandrous flowiTS.
— Sepals .'5, imbricated in tlic bud, persistent. I'ctals !'>, eotivdltite in tho
bud, d(>eiiliif)U3. Stamens nionadelphous at the base ; liie .'"> ixterior ones
ehortcr and often sterile. Ovaries 5, 2-ovulcd, and, with tho persistent

BALSAMINACE^. (HALSAM FAMILY.) 65

styles, adnatc to an elongated central axis, from whicli they separate elas-
tieally at maturity. Seed solitary, without albumen. Embryo convolute.

1. GERANIUM, Tourn. Cu.\nesbill.
Flowers regular. Stamens perfect, the inner ones with a gland at the base.
Styles at maturity separating with tlie 1 -seeded carpels, and coiled upward, the
inner fiicc naked. — Herbs. Stems forking. Leaves palmately lobed. I'edun-
cles 1 -3-tlowcrcd.

1. G. maculatura, L. Perennial, erect, hairy; leaves 5-7-partcd, the
divisions acutciy lol)ed and toothed ; peduncles 1 -2-flowere(l, the tcrTuinal ones
often umbellate; petals large, entire, 2-3 times longer than the oblong awned
sepals — Open woods in the upper districts and northward. April and May.
— Root tuherous, \ery astringent. Stem l°-2° high. Flowers purple, 1'
wide.

2. G. Carolinianum, L. Annual, generally frostrate, pubescent ; leaves
5-7-partcd, tlie narrow divisions obtusely loljcd and tootlicd ; peduncles 2-flow-
ered; petals eniarginate, as long as the ovate awncd sepals. — Waste places,
common. March and April. — Stems forking, 6' -18' long. Flowers pale
purple.

Order 33. BALSAMIiVACEiE. (Balsam Family.)

Smooth and succulent annual herbs, with undivided exstipulatc leaves,
and irregular hypogynous pentandrous flowers. — Sepals 5, colored, de-
ciduous; the two inner (and upper) ones united, the lowest large and
saccate. Petals 4-5, distinct or united. Stamens 5, coherent above.
• Ovary 5-celled, the cells 2 - several-ovuled. Fruit capsular or drupa-
ceous. Seeds anatropous, without albumen. Embryo straight, with thick
cotyledons.

1. IMPATIENS, L. Jewel-Weed.

Lowest sepal saccate and spurred. Petals 4, united by pairs. Filaments
short, with a scale on the inner face. Capsule 5-celled, bursting elastically into
5 valves. Placenta; central, persistent. — Stems branching, somewhat pellucid.
— Leaves serrate. Peduncles axillary, 1 - several-flowered. Earliest flowers
fruiting in the bud.

1. I. pallida, Nutt. (Pale Toucii-me-not.) Leaves ovate or oval, ob-
tusely serrate, membranaceous ; flowers pale yellow ; lower sepal sligiiily spotted,
dilated, open, tipped with a short recurved spur. — Wet shady places, Georgia
and northward. July - Sept. — Stems 2° - 4° high.

2. I. fulva, Nutt. (Spotted Tocch-me-not.) Flowers deep orange;
lower sepal conical, conspicuously spotted, tipped with a rather long recurved
spur; otherwise like No 1, but with smaller flowers. — Shady swamps, Florida
and northward. July -Sept.

6*

G6 BUTACEyE. (UUE FAMILY.)

Order 34. RUTACEiE. (Rue Family.)

Herbs, slirubs, or trees, with exstipulate simple or compound dotted
leaves, and regular hypogynous perfect or unisexual flowers. — Sepals and
petals 3-5. Stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals. Ovaries
2-5, distinct or united, stipitate or sessile on a glandular disk. Styles
mostly united. Fruit commonly composed of separate 1-celled 2-valved
cai'pels. Embryo straight or curved, mostly in fleshy albumen.

1. ZANTHOXYLUM, L. Prickly Ash.

Flowers nioncecious or dioecious. Sepals and petals 3-5. Stamens 3-5.
Ovaries 2 - 5, sessile or stipitate, 2-ovuled. Carpels 2-valvcd, 1 - 2-scedcd. Seed
smooth and sliining. — Trees or shrubs, commonly armed with stipular prickles.
Leaves uneciually pinnate,«the leaflets punctate with pellucid dots. Flowers
small, greenish.

1. Z. Carolinianum, Lam. (TooTnACiiE-TREE.) Smooth; branches
and commonly tlie petioles armed with long prickles ; leaves alternate, 7-9-
foliolatc; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, crcnate-scrrulatc, unequal-sided, sliining above;
panicles terminal; stamens 5; carpels 3, nearly sessile. — Var. fruticosom,
Gray. Shrubby ; leaves shorter, ovate or oblong, more strongly crcnatc ; ova-
ries always two. — Dry soil near the coast, Florida to North Carolina, and west-
ward. June. — A small tree, with the pungent bark armed with warty prickles.

2. Z. Floridanum, Nutt. (Satin-Wood.) Branches and petioles un-
armed; leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate on the fertile plant, and elliptical, obtuse
or eniarginate on the sterile, slightly crcnulate, and like the cyniose panicle stel-
late-pubescent ; stamens 4 - 5 ; carpels 1-2, obovate, stipitate ; seed solitary,
obovatc, black and shining. — South Florida. — Leaves l'-2' long. Cyme'
sessile, divided into three jirimary branches. Flowers minute.

3. Z. Pterota, II. B. & K. Smooth ; branches zigzag, armed with short
curved prickles; petiole winged, jointed ; leaflets 7-9, small, obovate, coria-
ceous, crenatc above the middle, sessile; flowers in axillary clusters, which are
single or liy pairs, as long as the first joint of the petiole ; stamens 4 ; ovaries
2 ; caqjels solitary, globose, pitted, distinctly stipitate. — South'Florida. — Leaf-
lets I' - 5' long, those on the fertile plant narrower and smaller. Carpels small,
dotted.

2. PTELEA, L. Hop-tree.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals and petals 4-5, imbricated in the bud, decidu-
ous. Stamens 4 - 5. Ovary 2-(('lled, with two ovules in each cell. Style siiort.
Stigma 2-lohcd. Capsidc 2-eelled, 2-seedcd, surrounded by a bmnd circular
reticulated wing. — Unarmed shrubs, with trifoliolatc leaves, and snuill greenish
flowers in a tcmiinal cyme.

1. P. trifoliata, L. Pubescent; leaves long-[K'tioled ; leaflets oval or
oblong, mostly acute, obscurely crcnulate, paler beneath, the lateral ones unequal-

laiisiiHACKi^E. (torch-avood family.) 67

sided ; filaments 4-5, densely villous below the middle, longer tlinn the style in
the sterile Howei's, shorter in fertile ones. — Rocky banks, Florida and northward.
May and June. — Shrub 4°- 8° high. Leaflets^ 2' -4' long. Fruit 1' wide,

2. P. mollis, M. A. Curtis. "Lateral leaflets oval, the terminal ob-
ovate, with an abrupt acute point, the under side, with the petioles, panicles, and
young branches, clothed with a soft whitish silky villus ; cymes compact, with
short branches; style long; filaments equalling the anthers." — Low country
of North and South Carolina (Curtis). — Leaves smaller and more rigid than
in No. 1, the style twice as long. Stamens 4. *

3. P. Baldwinii, Torr. & Gray. Leaves very small, glabrous ; leaflets
sessile, oval, obtuse, tlic terminal one cuneiform at the base ; flowers tetrandrous ;
style none. — East Florida. — Shrub 1° Iiiirb, with numerous short and scraggy
branches. Leadets 1' long, liowcia siiiuiier tliuuiu iSo. 1.

OuuKU 3.3. SI3IARUBACEiE. (Quassia Family.)

Trees or sln-ubs, with Litter milky juice, pinnate cxstipulatc alternate
and (lotlcss K'aves, and i^egular hypogynous perfect or polygamous flowers.
— Calyx 4 - 5-parted or 4 - 5-tootbed, persistent. Petals 4-5, deciduous.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, inserted on a hypogy-
nous disk. Ovary composed of 4 - 5 distinct or united carpels, with a sol-
itary aiiatropous suspended ovule in each. Fruit drupaceous, 1-seeded.
Seeds with a membranaceous coat. Albumen none, lladiclc superior,
included in the cotyledons.

1. SIMARUBA, Aublet. Quassia.

Flowers moncEcious or dioecious. Calyx 4 - .o-toothcd. Pctal.s 4 - .5, spread-
ing. Stamens 8- 10, with the filaments inserted on the back of u ciliate scale.
Ovaries 4-5, surrounded by 8-10 scale-like rudiments of stamens. Styles con-
nivent ; the stigmas spreading. Drupes 1-5. — Trees. Leaves abniptly pin-
nate, with alternate and entire leaflets. Flowers small, grecni.sli, in lateral and
terminal panicles.

1. S. glauca, DC. Smooth throughout; flowers diwcious ; stigmas 5,
subulate, spreading ; leaflets 4-8, alternate and opposite, coriaceous, obovatc or
oblong, obtuse, paler beneath ; drupe oval, mostly solitary. — South Florida. —
A larjrc tree.

Ordku on. BURSERACEiE. (ToRCii-Wooo Family.)

Trees or slirnbs, with resinous juice, unequally pinnate or trifoliolate
commonly dotted leaves, and small regular flowers in axi'.lary or terminal
racemes or panicles. — Calyx free from the 1 - 5-celk\l sessile ovary,
2 - 5-Iobed, persistent. Petals 2-5, alternate with the caly.x-lobes, and

68 ANACAUDIACK^. (cASIIF.W FAMILY.)

inserted under an orbicular or annular disk at the bottom of the calyx,
mostly valvatc in the bud. Stamens twice as many as the petals, and in-
serted with them . anthers introrse. Ovules anatropous, pendulous,
mostly two in each cell. Stigmas 1-5. Fruit drupaceous, dry; the peri-
carp often splitting into valves. Albumen none, lladicle superior.

1. BURSERA, Jacquin.

F|pwers polygamous. Sterile Fl. Calyx .3 - 5-partC(l. Petals 3-5, valvate
in tlie bud. Stamens 6- 10. Disk crenulatc. Fertile Fl. Calyx 3-parted.
Petals 3. Stamens 6. Ovary ovate, 3-cclled. Style short : stigma 3-lobcd.
Drupe oblong, 1-sccdcd ; the pericarp 3-vaIved. Cotyledons wrinkled.

1 . B. gummifera, Jacquin. Leaves alternate, 3 - 9-foliolate, long-peti-
olcd, deciduous ; leaflets stalked, opposite, ovate, acuminate, entire, rounded or
slightly cordate at the base, at length smootli on both sides ; flowci-s small,
whitish, in axillary racemes ; drupe purplish. — South Tlorida. — A large tree.

2. AMYRIS, L. ToRcn-WooD.

Flowers perfect. Calyx 4-partcd. Petals 4, narrowed at the base, imbricated
in the bud. Stamens 8, shorter than the petals, liypogynous. Ovary 1-celled.
Stigma capitate. Dnipe globose, 1-sceded. Cotyledons plano-convex. — Trees
or shrubs. Leaves 3 - 7-foliolate, opposite, with glandular pellucid dots. Flow-
ers paniclcd, wliite.

1. A. Floridana, Nutt. Smooth ; leaves petiolcd, trifoliolate ; leaflets
ovate, obtuse, entire, on slender stalks ; branches of the panicle o])])osite ; drupe,
like tlie (lowers, dotted. — South Florida. — A .slirub or small tree. Leaves
1 ' - 1^' long, sliining above. Flowers yellowish-white.

OuDKU 37. ANACARDIACEyT:. (Casiikw Family.)

Trees or shrubs, with milky or resinous juice, altt'rnato exstipulate dot-
less leavi's, and perfect or polygamous regular llowers. — Sepals and
petals 4 - .'), imbricated in the bud. Stamens as many as the petals, or
twice as many, and inserted with them into the base of I in- calyx. Ovary
solitary, with a single ovule ascending from the base of the cell. Style
simple or ;3-e!efl. Fruit drupaceous. Seeds without albumen, lladicle
curved.

1. RHUS, L. Sumach.

Calyx ."i-prirli (1. Petals .'), inserted with the .'> stamens on the disk which sur-
rounds the b:is(> of the ovary. Stigmas 3. Drupe dry. Ibulieic superior, in-
curved. — Shnibs or small trees. Leaves pinnate or trirolioiate. rarely simple.
Flowers small, greenish, in spikes or panicles.

ANACARDIACEiE. (CASIIEW FAMILY.) 69

.* Flowers poli/fjamons, in a close terminal panicle : drupe red, hairij : leaves pinnate.
% (Not poisonous.)

1. R. typhina, L. Branches, petioles, and drupes villous ; leaflets 17-21,
lanceolate, atuininatc, serrate, smooth, pale beneath. — Dry hill-sides, Mississippi
to North Carolina, and northward. June and July. — A shrub or small tree.

2. R. glabra, L. Smooth and glaucous; leaflets 17-31, oblong-lancco-
■ late, serrate, acuminate, white beneath. — Open woods in dry rich soil, West

Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July. — A shrub 6° - 10° high. Peti-
oles terete.

3. R. COpallina, L. (Sumach) Branches and wing-margined petioles
tomentosc ; leaflets 9-21, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, mostly
entire, smooth al)ove, paler and downy beneath ; panicle often large and spread-
ing. — Margins of fields and open woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward.
July and August. — A shrub or small tree.

4. R. pumila, Michx. Low, procumbent ; branches and petioles tomen-
tose ; leaflets 11-13, oval or oblong, acute, coarsely serrate, pale and tomentosc
beneath. — Pine barrens, Georgia to North Carolina. — Branches 1° high.

* * Flowers dlacious, in loose axillary panicles : drupe whitish, smooth : leaves pin-

nate and trifoliolate. — (Juice poisonous. )

5. R. venenata, DC. (Poison Eldek.) Smooth; leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets 7-13, ovate or oblong, abruptly acute or acuminate, entire ; panicles long-
peduncled, narrow, erect. (R. Vernix, L.) — Swamps, Florida to Mississippi,
and northward. July. — A shrub 8°- 12° high.

6. R. Toxicodendron, L. (Poison Oak. Poison Ivy.) Branches
and petioles smooth ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate ; panicle
small, spreading.

Var. 1. quercifolium, Michx. Stems low, erect ; leaflets mostly vari-
ously lobed. — Diy pine barrens.

Var. 2. radicans, Ton-. Stems climbing by rootlets ; leaflets toothed or
entire, rarely lobed, more or less pubescent. — Swamps, Florida to Mississippi,
and nortliward. July.

* * * Flowers dicecious, in loose panicles : drupe oblong, smooth, scarlet : nut char-

taceous : seeds arillate : leaves pinnate.

7. R. Metopium, L. Smooth; leaflets 3-7, coriaceous, long-stalked,
ovate or elliptical, acuminate, entire ; panicle narrow, as long as the leaves ;
calyx-lobes yellowish-white ; petals and stamens 5. — South Florida. — A tree
15° -20° high.

* * * * Flowers dioecious, in short bracted spikes, appearing with the leaves : drupe

red, hairy : leaves trifoliolate.

8. R. aromatiea, Ait. Stem low, smooth ; leaflets ovate, or the termi-
nal one obovate, obtuse, pubescent when young, toothed above the middle ;
spikes single or clustered, spreading. — Dry open woods. West Florida to Mis-
sissippi, and northward. March and April. — Shrub l°-2° high. Spikes 1'
long. — Plant aromatic, not poisonous.

70 VITACL^K. (vine family.)

♦ * ♦ * ♦ riowers perfect, in an open panicle, the pedicels mosthj ahoiiivr, dongat-
in(j, and plumose : drupe smooth.
9. R. cotinoides, Nutt. Smooth ; leaves simple, mcmliiaiiiucoiis, oval,
obtuse, entire, acute at the base, the upper ones long-petiolcd ; panicle nearly
sessile, narrow, with erect branches ; flowers minute. — Interior of Alabama,
Buckley. Leaves, with the petiole, 3' -4' lonj,'.

OuDER 38. VITACEiE. (Vine Family.)

CIimbin<T shrubs, with watery juice, opposite stipulate leaves, and small
greenish flowers in panicled clusters opposite the leaves. — Calyx minute,
truncated. Petals 4-5, hypogynous or perigynous, valvate in the bud,
deciduous. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals : anthers introrse. Ovary
2-celled, with 2 erect collateral ovules in each cell. Style short or none :
stigma sliglitly 2-lobed. Berry 1-4-seeded. Seeds anatropous, bony.
Embryo minute at the base of hard or fleshy albumen. Radicle inferior.
— Leaves simple or compound. Tendrils opposite the leaves. Flowers
perfect or polygamous,

1. VITIS, L. Vine. Grape.

Petals distinct, or rcmaining united at the apex and separating at the base,
inserted into a 4 - 5-iobcd or cup-shaped disk which sunouuds the ovary.
^ I. Cissus. — /•'"/o.rers perfect: petals and stamens 4-5: style conspicuous:
stigma minute : leaves simple or compound.

1. V. bipinnata, Torr. & Gray. Leaves bipinnatc, smoothish ; leaflets
small, ovate, sliarply toothed; flowers somewhat cymose, on. a long forking
peduncle ; petals 4 - 5, united at the apex, separating at the biise ; style conical ;
disk 4 - 5-lobcd ; berry 2 - 4-seedcd. ( Ampelopsis bipinnata, Micli.v.) — Margins
of swamps, Florida and northward. June and July. — Tendrils none. Leaflets
1' long. BciTy small, black.

2. V. acida, L. Branches geniculate ; leaves trifoliolate, thick and rigid ;
leaflets small, cuneate-obovatc, sharply toothed at the apex ; tlowei-s in com-
jiound umbels ; petals 4, united at the apex, separating at the ba.se ; style slen-
der; disk cup-shaped, entire; berry black, 1 -seeded. — Key West. —Tendrils
stout and elongated. Leaflets h' long. Branchlcts and peduncles flattened
and clon-atcd. Leaves and parts of the panicle separating in drying, tis also in
the next species.

3. V. incisa, Nutt. Smooth ; stem climbing, warty ; leaves trifoliolate,
very thick and fleshy ; leaflets stalked, wed<;c-shaped and entire near the base,
the lateral ones 2loi)ed, the middle 3-lobed, all mucronate-toothed <.r serrate;
l)erry (purple) (^lolm'^e-ovafc, nodding, pointed with the conspicuous siinder style,
1-seeded. — Si.ndv shores of St. Vincent's Island, West Florida and westward.
Fruiting in N<.vemlK-r. — Stem 6° -12° lonj;. Leaflets l'-3' long Panicles
cymobc. Berry 5' - C" long. Flowers uyt seen.

VITACIwE. (vine family.) 71

4. V. indivisa, Willd. Leaves simple, undivided, ovate, truncate, or cor-
date at the base, acuminate, toothed-serrate, pubescent ; peduncles forking ; petals
and stamens 5 ; style slender; disk cup-shaped ; berry 1 -3-seedcd. — Banks of
rivers, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. June. — Stem climbing high.
Berry small, black.

^ 2. ViTlS. — Mowers poli/rjamoits: petals 5, cohering at the top, free at the base:
stamens 5 : stjle short : disk thick, 5-lobeil: leaves simple, cordate, ciiurc or varioaslj
lobed.

* Leaves and branches woolhj.

5. V. Labrusca, L. (Fox-Grape) Leaves broadly cordate, angularly
3-5-lohcd, mucToiuitc-serratc, very woolly when young, at lungtli smoothish
above; fertile panicles or racemes few-flowered; berry large. — River-swam])s,
Mississippi to North Carolina, and northward. May and June. — Leaves 4' - C
wide. Berry ^' in diameter, j)urple or whitish, pleasant-flavored.

6. V. Caribasa, DC Leaves round-cordate, with a broad and shallow
sinus, entire or 3-lobcd, wavy-serrate, acute or acuminate, soon smootli above,
the lower surface, like the branches, petioles, and panicles, clothed with soft ash-
colorcd down ; panicles equalling or longer than the leaves ; pedicels smooth.
("V. coriacea, ShattlA a form with smaller and more rigid leaves.) — South
Florida. Berry h in diameter.

7. V. aestivalis, Jlichx. (Summer Grape.) Leaves broadly cordate,
entire or 3- 5-lobed, or on young plants pinnatifid, mucronatc-serrate, covered
with a loose cobwebby down, at length smooth or nearly so on both sides ; pani-
cles long, many-flowered ; berry small. — Rich woods, Florida to Mississippi,
and northward. June. — Stem climbing high. Leaves 4' - 7' wide. Panicle
6' -12' long, compound. Berry deep blue, very austere.

* * Leaves and branches smoothish.

8. V. COrdifolia, Michx. (Frost Grape.) Leaves thin, broadly cor-
date, entire or slightly 3-lobcd, mucronate-serrate ; pubescence, wiien present,
soon vanishing ; panicles compound, many-flowered ; berry small. — River-
swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. May and June. — Leaves 3' - 6'
wide. Berry almost black, very acid. — A form with broader incisely lobed and
toothed leaves is V. riparia, Michx.

9. V. VUlpina, L. (Muscadine Bullace.) Leaves broadly cordate,
toothed-serrate, smooth and glossy on both sides, or rarely, like tlie branches,
pubescent, the sinus at the base broad and rounded, or nan-ow and acute ; panicle
small; berry large. (V. rotundifolia, Afichx.) —Banks of rivers, Florida to
North Carolina, and westward. June. — Stem climbing high, with pale and
smooth bark. Leaves 2' - 3' wide. Berry i' - 1' in diameter, purple, pleasant-
flavored. — A form with smaller leaves and hemes, the latter very austere, is
sometimes callud the Mustang Grape.

2. AMPELOPSIS, Michx.
Petals distinct, spreading, concave. Disk none. — Leaves digitate. Flowers
clustered, in corymbose panicles.

72 EHAMNACE^. (BUCKTHORN FAMILY.)

1. A. quinquefolia, Michx. (Virginian Creeper.) — Low grounds,
Floiiila and northward. June. — Stem climbing by lateral t»?ndrils. Leaflets
5, obloug-obovate, sciTatc above the middle, smooth. BeiTy small, daik-blue.

Order 09. RHAMNACEiE. (Buckthorn Family.)

■ Trees or slirubs, with simple mostly stipulate leaves, and small regular
perigynous greenish or whitish flowers. — Sepals 4-5, united below, val-
vate in the bud. Petals alternate with the sepals, concave or hooded,
sometimes wanting. Stamens opposite the petals, and inserted with them
into the margin of a fleshy disk, which lines the base of the calyx. Ovary
1-4-cellcd, with a solitary erect anatropous ovule in each cell. Style
single. Fruit drupaceous. Embryo large, in the axis of scanty fleshy
albumen. Iladicle infbrior.

J'ynopsis. «

♦ Dnipe baccate, 1 -2-cpllcd. Ovary immersed in the disk.

1. SCTJTTA. Petals 5, or none. Drupe 1-celled. Calyx aduate to the base of the ovary.

2. BKKCILEJIIA. Petals 5. Drupe 2-celled. Calyx free.

* * Drupe baccate, separating into 2-4 nutlets.

3. SAGERF,TL\. Leaves opposite. Nutlets 3. Flowers spiked.

4. RnAMXi;.S. Leaves alternate. Seed furrowed on the back. Flowers clustered.

5. FUANGULA. Leaves alternate. Seed not furrowed. Flowers umbelled.

* * * Drupe at length dry, separating into 3 nutlets.

6. CEANOTIIUS. Flowers coryuibed. Calyx white. Nutlets 2-valved.

7. COLUBIIINA. Flowers cymose. Calyx green. Nutlets opening at the inner angle.

8. GOUANIA. Flowers spiked. Woody vines.

SCUTIA, Commers.

Calyx-tube hemispherical or pitchcr-shapcd, witli .'j acute lobes. Petals 5, in-
BCrted into tlie margin of tlie disk, sbort-clawcd, sometimes wanting. Ovary
adhering to tlie disk below, 2-3-cclIcd, witii a single erect ovule in each cell.
Stylo single, conical. Stigma 2-3-lobcd. Fruit 1-celled, or separating into
2-3 onc-secdod nutlets. Seeds without albumen, lladidc very short. —Shrubs,
with alternate or opposite coriaceous entire 2-stii)ulate leaves, and small axillary
flowers in ^imI)]e umbels.

1. S. ferrca, Brongn. Spineless; m.iturc leaves coriaceous, .opposite or
alternate, elliptical or obovatc, emarginate, obtuse at the ba.se, short-pet iolcd ;
stipules by pairs, ovate, minute ; flowers clustered, axillary, on short pedicels ;
calyx-tube .5-anglcd, the lobes ovate ; ovary immersed in the thick S-lobed disk,
2-ccllcd. with nn ascending ovule in each cell ; style very short ; stignms 2, thick,
erect; drupe l-<('lle(l, 1-sccdcd. (Rlinmnus ferreus, Va/it. Zizyphus cmargina-
tufl, Su-aiiz) — South Florida. — Branches opposite, whitish. Loaves pale,
1 'lung.

RHAMNACEiE. (BUCKTHORN FAMILY.) 73

2. BERCHEMIA, Neck. Supple-Jack.

Calyx 5-clcft, the tube hemispherical. Petals 5, sessile, concave, as long as
the calyx. Ovary free, 2-celled, half immersed in the fleshy disk. Styles united.
Stigmas 2. Drupe oblong, 2-celled, 2-seeded. — Erect or twining shrubs, with
alternate pinnately-vcined leaves, with minute stipules, and small greenish axil-
lary or panicled flowers.

1. B. volubilis, DC. Stem twining; leaves oblong, acute, wavy on the
margins, glossy above, the simple veins oblique ; flowers in small terminal pan-
icles ; drupe purple. (Zizyphus volubilis, Willd.) — Swamps, Florida to North
Carolina, and westward. June.

3. SAGERETIA, Brongn.
Calyx 5-cleft, the tube hemispherical, the lobes carinate within. Petals obo-
vate, shorter than the calyx, concave. Ovary free, 3-celled. Stigmas 3, nearly
sessile. Drupe baccate, composed of three even 1 -seeded indehiscent nutlets.
Seeds not grooved. Cotyledons flat. — Slender trailing shrubs, with opposite
branches and leaves, and minute whitish spiked flowers.

1. S. Michauxii, Brongn. Stem vine-like (6° -18° long), with spine-
like spreading branches ; leaves (1' long) nearly sessile, ovate or oblong-ovate,
acute, finely serrate, smooth and sliining, persistent ; spikes slender, interrupted,
mostly panicled ; petals minute ; drupe dark-purple, globose. (Rhamnus mino-
tiflorus, Michx.) — Dry sandy soil along the coast, Florida to North Carolina.
September. — Drupes pleasantly acid.

4. RHAMNUS, Tourn. Buckthorn.

Calyx 4 - 5-clcft, the tube urceolate, lined with a thin disk. Petals small, ob-
ovate, concave, often wanting. Ovary free, 2-4-celled. Styles united below^
Stigmas 2-4. Drupe baccate, composed of 2-4 somewhat dehiscent nutlets.
Seeds grooved on the back. Raphe dorsal. Cotyledons leafy, revolute. —
Shrubs, with alternate stipulate finely veined leaves, and small axillary clustered
polygamous or dioecious greenish flowers.

1 . R. lanceolatus, Pursh. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, or those of the
flowering branches oblong and obtuse, serrulate ; flowers clustered, on short pedi-
cels, with long styles, or the more fiiiitful ones scattered on longer pedicels, and
wth short styles ; petals emarginate ; drupe 2-seeded. — Hills and river-banks,
in the upper districts, Alabama and northward. June. — A tall shrub. Drupes
black, as large as a grain of pepper.

5. PRANGULA, Toum.

Seeds not grooved. Raphe lateral. — Leaves strongly parallel-veined. Flow-
ers perfect. Otherwise as in Rhamnus.

1. P. Caroliniana, Gray. (Carolina Buckthorn.) Leaves oblong,
wavy and finely serrulate on the margins, the slender petioles and many-flowered
short-stalked umbels pubescent ; petals 5, minute ; sdgmas 3 ; drupe globose,
7

74 rhamnacejK. (buckthorn family.)

3-6ecdcil. (Khamnus Carolinianus, Wall.) — Banks of rivers, Florida to North
Caroliua and westward. June. — A shrub or small tree. Leaves 3' - 4' long.

6. CEANOTHUS, L. Jkrsky Tea.

Calyx colored, 5-elcft, with the tube adnate to the ovary and pci-sistent, the lobes
connivent, deciduous. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, hooded, long-dawcd.
Stamens exserted. Style 3-partcd. l)ru])C dry, composed of three 2-valvcd
1-seeded nutlets. Embryo in fleshy albumen. Cotyledons flat. — Shiuhhy jilants,
with alternate serrulate minutely stipulate 3-ribbed leaves, and small flowers in
lateral and terminal corymbs or panicles.

1. C. Americanus, L. Branches pubescent ; leaves deciduous, variable
in size, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, sharply serrate, more or less
pubescent, pctioled ; peduncles elongated, mostly 2-leaved above. — Dry woods,
Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July. — Plant sliriibby, l°-2°high.
Leaves 3-ribbed, varying from |' (C. intcrmedius, Ell.) to 3' long, often nearly
smooth (C. herbaceus, Rnf.). Flowers and pedicels white.

2. C microphyllus, Michx. Stem erect, diflFusely much-branched ;
leaves perennial, small, obovate, slightly crenate, 3-ribbed, glossy above, with
scattered hairs beneath ; those in the axils clustered ; corymbs small, terminal.
— Dry barrens, Florida and Georgia, and westward. April and May. — Shrub
10-2° high, yellowish. Leaves 2"- 3" long. Pedicels an(> flowei-s white.
Drupe black.

3. C. serpyllifolius, Nutt. Decumbent, diffusely branched ; branches
filiform ; leaves very small, ovate-elliptical, senulate, obtuse, the lower surface,
as well as the petioles, strigose ; peduncles axillary ; flowers few, in a simple
corymbose head. — Near St. Mary's, Georgia. — Leaves 3" - 5'' long. Pe-
duncles 12 -15-flowcrcd.

7. COLUBRINA, Rich.

Calyx herbaceous, with spreading lobes. Nutlets opening at the apex and
down the inner angle. Embryo in thin albumen. Otherwise chiefly as in Ce-
anothus. — Tropical shrubs, with alternate parallel-veined leaves, and small
flowers in close axillary cymes.

1. C. Americana, Nutt. Leaves coriaceous, ovatc-oblong, entire, the
lower surface, as also the branches and calyx, covered with a dense rust-colored
pubescence ; cyme small, shorter than the petiole ; petals spatulate, cmarginate,
shorter than the calyx ; drupe 3-lobcd. — South Florida. — Leaves 2' -4' long.
Drupe 4" in diameter.

8. GOUANIA, Jacquin. Ciiaw-stick.

Calyx 5-cloft, partly ndnnte to the ovary, the lol>os spreading. Petals 5,
shorter than the calyx, and inserted into tlic sinuses of the 5-iobed disk which
lines its tube, lioodfd, and enclosing the short stamens. Ovary 3-ecIled, 3-ovulcd.
Style 3-cleft. Drujie dry, 3-lobcd or 3-wiuged, separating from the central axis

CELASTRACEiE. (STAFF-TREE FAMILY.) 75

into three valvelcss nutlets. Embryo in the axis of thin albumen. — Tropical,
chiefly climbing shrubs, with alternate stipulate toothed leaves, and perfect or
polygamous flowers in terminal spiked clusters.

1- G. Domingensis, L- Branches pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate, ta-
pering into an obtuse point, serrate, petioled ; spikes elongated, bearing a tendril
at the base; drupe globose, 3-winged. — South Florida. — Leaves 2' -4' long.
Flowers minute, yellow. Lobes of the disk emarginate.

Order 40. CELASTRACE^. (Staff-trek Family.)

Shrubs, with simple stipulate leaves, and small regular flowers. —
Sepals and petals 4-5, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 4 - 5, alternate
with the petals, and inserted with them on the disk which fills the bottom
of the calyx. Ovary free, 1 - 5-celled, with 1 - several erect ovules in
each cell. Styles imited. Fruit capsular or drupaceous. Seeds often
arilled. Embryo in the axis of the albumen. — Flowers perfect or
polygamous.

Synopsis.

* Pruit a 1 - 2-seeded drape.

1. MTGTTTDA. Ovary 4-celIed. Stigmas 4. Drupe 1-seeded. Leaves opposite. Flowers

perfect.

2. SCII/EFFKRIA. Ovary 2-celled. Stigmas 2. Drupe 2-seeded. Leaves alternate. Flowers

dioecious.

* » Fruit a 3 - o-valved capsule : seeds arilled.
3 EUOXYML".?. Flowers perfect, in axillary cymes. Calyx flat. Leaves opposite.
4. CELASTRCS. Flowers polygamous, in terminal racemes. Calyx cup-shaped. Capsule

globo?e. Leaves alternate.
6. MAYTENUS. Flowers axillary. Calyx flat. . Capsule 3-angled. Leaves alternate.

1. MYGINDA, Jacq.

Flowers perfect. Sepals 4, united below. Petals 4, roundisli. Stamens 4.
Ovary 4-celled, with a solitary anatropous ovule in each cell. Style short, 4-clcft.
Drupe 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed erect. Embiyo in thin albumen. Cotyledons
flat. Ratliele inferior. — Tropical shrubs, witli small opposite coriaceous leaves,
and minute white or reddish flowers on axillary forking peduncles.

1. M. Rhacoma, Swartz. Branches slender, pubescent, angled ; leaves ob-
long, obtuse, crenate, nearly sessile, paler and often discolored beneath ; pedun-
cles filiform, shorter than tiie leaves, cymosely 2-4-flowered ; calyx-lobes round,
pubescent ; petals oval, concave, ciliate ; stigmas spreading ; drupe obovate. —
South Florida. — A small shrub. Leaves ^'-I'long, glabrous.

2. M. ilieifolia, Lam. Branches terete, pubescent ; leaves smooth, round-
ovate, spiny-toothed, short-petiolod ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, umbel-
lately 3 - 4-flowered ; calyx 4-toothed ; petals rounded ; drupe obovate, pointed
with the persistent style.— South Florida. — A small shrub. Leaves ^'-|'
long.

76 CELASTRACE^. (sTAFF-TREE FAMILY.)

3. M. ■? latifolia, Swartz. Smooth ; branchlcts 4-anglcd ; leaves opposite,
coriaceous, ohovate, rounded or cmarginato at the apex, narrowed at the base
into a sliort ])etiulc, the margins revolute and obscurely crenatc ; cymes axillary
and terminal, shorter than the leaves, widely spreading, few -flowered, or in the
more sterile plant many-flowered ; sepals roundish, much shorter than the oblong
petals ; disk with four cmarginate lobes alternating with the stamens ; ovary
2-celled, with a single suspended ovule in each cell ; stigma sessile, 2-iobed ;
drupe ovoid, 1 -seeded; embryo large, in thin albumen. — South Florida. —
Shrub 8° - 10° high. Leaves 1' long.

2. SCH^FPERIA, Jacq.

Flowers dioecious. Sepals 4, barely united at the base, rounded, .*3-furrowcd.
Petals 4, spatu late-oblong, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 4. Ovary
2-cclled. Stigmas 2, sessile. Drupe diy, 2-ceIled, 2-scedcd. Embrj'O in oily
albumen. Eadifle inferior. — Shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves and small
greenish flowers in axillary clusters.

1. S. frutescens, Jacq. Smooth; leaves obovate-oblong, entire, acute or
obtuse ; flowers 3 - 5 in a cluster, the slender pedicels arising from a As-art-like
peduncle ; drupe globose. — South Florida. — A small tree witli hard and close-
grained wood. Leaves 1^' long, pale green.

3. EUOWTTMUS, L. Spindle-tree.

Flowers perfect. Calyx flat, 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-. "5, spreading. Stamens
4-5, very siiort, inserted with the petals under the broad and fleshy disk which
surrounds the ovary. Ovary 3 - ."i-cclled, with 2 crcct or rcsujiinatc ovules in
each cell. Style very short. Capsule 3-5-celled, loculicidally 3-5-valvcd.
Seed enclosed in a red pulpy aril. — Erect or trailing shrubs, witli 4-angled
branches, opposite serrate leaves, and greenish or purplish flowers in axillary
pcduncled cymes.

1. E. Americanus, L. (Strawberiit Brsii) Flowers greenish,
pentamerous ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; capsule warty; leaves short-petioled,
varying fnjm ovate or obovate to linear-lanceolate, serrulate. — Low shady
woods, Florida and northward. May and June. — Shrub 3° - C° iiigh. Leaven
1'- 2' long.

2. E. atropurpureus, Jacq. Flowers purple, tetramcrous ; peduncles
many-flo\v( icil ; (iqihule sniootli ; leaves oblong, on rather long petioles, serru-
late. — Kivcr-l)anks, Florida and northward. May and June. — Shrub 8°- 12°
high. Leaves 2' - 5' long. Flowers dark i)urple.

4. CELASTRUS, L. Staff-tree.

Flowers somewhat difcrious. Calyx cup-shaped, .'i-cleft. Petals ."i, spreading.
Stamens ."j, inserted with tiic petals into the edge of the cup-shaped fleshy disk
wiiich fills the tul>e of the calyx, ahortive in the fertile flower. Ovary 2-4-
ccllcd, the cells 2-ovul(d. Style tlii' k. Capsule globose, commonly 3 celled

STAPUYLEACEiE. (bLADDER-NUT FAMILY.) 77

and 3-valved. Seeds 1 - 2 in each cell, enclosed in a fleshy scarlet aril. Embryo
in the axis of copious fleshy albumen. — Climbing slirubs, with alternate leaves,
and small greenish flowers in a.xillary or terminal racemes.

1. C. sca^dens, L. Leaves oblong-ovate or obovate, acuminate, serrate,
smooth; racemes terminating the branches, nearly simple; caf)sule orange-
colored. — Woods and banks of streams along the mountains of North Carolina,
and northward. June.

6. MAYTENUS, Juss.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx flat, 5-clcft. Petals 5. Stamens 5, very short,
inserted with the petals under the edge of the flat circular disk which envelops
the ovary. Ovary 2-3-celled, with a solitary erect ovule at the base of each
cell. Style veiy short and thick. Stigma 2-3-lobcd. Capsule coriaceous,
1 -3-celled, loculicidally 2 -3-valved, yellow within. Seeds 1-3, enclosed in a
thin pulpy aril. Embryo in the axis of thin fleshy albumen. — Trees or slirubs.
Leaves opposite or alternate. Flowers chiefly in axillary clusters.

1. M. phyllanthoides, Benth. Leaves fleshy, alteniatc, oblong-obo-
vate, obscurely crciiate and reticulate, glabrous ; flowers minute, clustered, ap-
parently perfect; capsule obovate, 3-angled, 1-celled, 1-3-seedcd. — South
Florida. — Leaves 1'- 1^' long.

Order 41. STAPIIYLEACEJ^. (Bladder-nut Family.)

Erect shrubs, with opposite pinnate stipulate leaves, and perfect vcfjular
pentandrous flowei-s. — Calyx 5-partcd, colored. Petals and stamens 5,
perigynous. Ovary 2 - 3-celled. Ovules 1 - 8 in each cell, attached to
the central angle of the cell. Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds bony,
truncated at the base. Embryo straight in scanty albumen.

L STAPHYLEA, L. Bladder-nut.

Flowers perfect. Calyx erect, persistent. Petals obovate, erect, alternate
with the sepals, imbricated in the bud. Stamens inserted with the petals into
the edge of the 5-lobed disk which fills the base of the calyx. Ovary 3-celled,
the cells sometimes separate above, 6-8-ovuled. Capsule 3-lohod, membrana-
ceous, inflated, few-sccded. — Leaflets stipellate. Flowers white, ia drooping
compound racemes.

1. S. trifolia, L. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, serrate,
pubescent beneath, the terminal one long-stalked ; racemes lateral and terminal ;
styles 3, connivcnt ; capsule reticulated, I-3-secded. — Damp woods, North
Carolina, Tennessee, and northward. May. — Shrub 10° high. Capsules 2'
long, 1 ' in diameter.

7*

78 sapindacejE. (soap-berry family.)

Order 42. SAPINDACE/E. (Soap-berry Family.)

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with exstipulate alternate or opposite
leaves, and chiefly irregular and 7 - 9-androus flowers, imbricated in the
bud. — Calyx 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, inserted with the sftiniens into a
hypogynous or somewhat perigynous disk. Anthers opening lengthwise.
Ovary 3-celled, the cells 1 - 2-ovuled. Seeds without albumen. Embryo
mostly curved or convolute. Cotyledons incumbent, fleshy.

Synopsis.

Tribb I. DODONE^. — Ovules 2-3 in each cell. Embryo spirally coiled. Cotyledoiu
disiinct. — Leaves alternate.

1. DODON.EA. Ovules 2 in each cell. Petals none. Capsule 2- 4-winged.

Tribe II. SAPIXDKjE. — Ovules usually solitary. Embryo curved or straight. Coty-
ledons distinct — Leaves alternate.

2. HYPELATE. Ovules 2 - 3 in each cell Petals 4-5, regular. Fruit drupaceous.

3. SAPINDUS. Ovules solitary. Petals 5, regular. Fruit baccate.

4. CARDIOSPEIIMUM. Ovules solitary. Petals 4, irregular. Fruit a bladder-like capsule.
Tribe III. HIPPOCASTAKEjE. —Ovules 2 in each ceU. Embryo roundish. Coty-
ledons very thick and partly united. — Leaves opposite.

6. .SSCULUS. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 4-5, unequal. — Leaves digitate.

1. DODONJEA, L.

Flowers perfect or polygamous. Ctilyx 3 - 5-partcd Petals none. Stamens
5-8: antlicrs tliick, on short filaments. Ovary 3-4-ccncd, with 2 ovules in
each cell ; tlie upper one ascending, the lower pendulous. Styles united. Cap-
sule membranaceous, 2-4-wingcd, septicidally 2-4-valved, the cells 1 - 2-seeded.
Embryo spindly coiled. — Trees or shrubs, with chiefly simple leaves, and axil-
lary or terminal whitish or greenish flowers.

1. D. viseosa, L. Leaves viscid, oliovatc-oblong, entire, parallel-veined;
raceme, axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves; capsule ;5-wingcd, 3-
Bceded — .South Florida. — Shrubs G° - 10° high. Flowers greenish.

2. HYPELATE, P. Browne.

Calyx 3-5-parfcd. Petals 4 -.5, regular. Stamens 6-10, inserted on the
inner face of the cup-shaped disk which fills the base of the calyx. Ovary 2-
celled, with 2-3 pendulous ovules in each cell. Styles united. Stigma 2-lobcd.
Drupe globose, 1- 2-seeded. Embryo erect. — Trees with alternate tiifoliolate
or abruptly ])iniiatc leaves, and clustered or panicled polygamous flowers.

1. H. trifoliata, P. Browne. Loaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovato, coria-
ceous, gbibidus, entire; panicles corymbose, slender, axillary, longer than the
leaves, few-flowered; calyx 3-4-partcd, pubescent within; petals 4, ciliate;
drupe black, 1-seeded. — South Florida. —A small tree, with brittle branches.
Leaflets I'long, with fine obliipie parallel veins. Flowers small, white. Sta-
mens fi- 8.

SAPINDACE^E. (sOAr-BERRY FAMILY.) 79

2. H. paniculata, Don. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets 2 or 4, ob-
long, obtuse, entire, smootli, o])positc ; panielcs axillary and terminal, with com-
pressed branches ; flowers hoary-tomentosc ; calyx-lobes and petals 4, rounded ;
cells of the ovary 2-ovuled. (Melieocca paniculata, Juss. ?} — South Florida. —
Branches purplish, dotted with white. Leaflets 2'- 3' long.

3. SAPINDUS, L. So.iP-BERRY.

Calyx 5-parted, deciduous. Petals 5, regular, with a scale at the base of each
within. Stamens 8- 10, inserted on the hypogynous disk. Styles united. Stig-
mas 3. Ovarj' 3-celled, the cells 1-ovulcd. Fruit baccate, globose or 2--3-
lobed, 1-3-seeded. Seeds bony. Embryo incurved. — Trees, with abruptly
pinnate leaves, and small polygamous flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or
panicles.

1. S. marginatus, Wild. Petioles wingless; leaflets 9-18, opposite or
altemate, ovate-lanceolate, unequal-sided, strongly veined above ; panicles large,
dense-flowered ; fruit globose. — Georgia and Florida, near the coast, and west-
ward. — A tree 20° - 40° high. Flowers white.

4. CARDIOSPERMUM, L.

Sepals 4, the 2 outer ones much shorter. Petals 4, irregular, each with a
petal-like scale at the base within ; those of the 2 outer petals entire, the others
with a crested appendage on the inner edge. Stamens 8. Di.sk 2-glandular.
Cells of the ovary 1-ovuled. Style 3-clcft. Capsule 3-angled, 3-celIed, locu-
licidally 3-valved, inflated. Seed furnished with a cordate aril. — Herbs, climb-
ing by tendrils. Leaves bitcrnate.

1. C. Halicacabum, L. — South Florida, apparently native, and not un-
common in cultivation. — Annual. Stem slender. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
incisely lobed and toothed. Capsule pear-shaped, 1' in diameter.

5. -ffilSCULTJS, L. HORSECHESTNUT. BnCKEYE.

Calyx 5-lobcd, unequal. Petals 4- .5, unequal, clawed. Stamens 5-8, usu-
ally 7, inserted on the annular hypogynous disk. Style slender. Ovary 3-celled,
the cells 2-ovuled. Capsule coriaceous, 1 - 3-celled, loculicidally 2 -3-valved,
1 - 3-seeded. Cotyledons very large and thick, partly united. — Trees or shrubs,
with opposite long-petioled digitate leaves, and showy polygamous flowers, in
terminal panicles.

§ 1. J*lscuLUS proper. Fmit prickhj.

1. -2E. glabra, Willd. Stamens almost twice the length of the erect nearly
equal pale yellow petals ; panicle oblong-ovate, loosely flowered ; leaflets .">, oval
or oblong, acuminate, unequally serrulate, smooth or slightly pubescent beneath.
(M. pallida, Willd ) — Banks of rivers, Tennessee and northward. May and
Jane. — A small tree with rough strong-scented bark. Flowers small.

§ 2. Pavia. Fruit smooth.

2. .35, Pavia, L. Stamens slightly exserted; claws of the two upper

80 ACERACEyE. (mAPLE FAMILY.)

petals as long as the tubular calyx ; panicle oblong ; leaflets 5, varying from
lanccoliitc to oval, short -ivcuminate, finely serrate, smooth, or nearly so, on both
surfaces — Rich soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. March -May.
— A shrub, or in the upper districts, a small tree. Flowers red.

3. ^, flava, Ait. Stamens included ; claws of the lateral petals longer
than tlic tul)uhu--campanulate caly.\ ; panicle oblong, pubescent ; leaflets 5-7,
obovate-oblong, acuminate, finely serrate, pubescent beneath. — Rich soil, in the
middle and upper districts of Georgia to North Carolina and northward. April
and May. — A shrub or small tree. Flowers pale yellow. JE. discolor, Pursh,
is a form of this species with more strongly serrate leaflets, and flesh-colored
or dull purple flowers.

4. ^. parviflora, Walt. Stamens 3 times as long as the corolla; claws
of the nearly similar petals longer than the obconical calyx ; panicle racemose,
very long; leaflets 5 -7, oval-obovate, tomentose beneath. {jR macrostachya,
Michx) — Upper districts of Georgia and South Carolina. April and May. —
Shrub 3° - 9° high. Flowers white. Stamens 6 or 7.

Order 43. ACERACE^. (Maple Family.)

Trees or shrubs, with opposite palmatcly lobed or pinnate exstipulate
leaves, and regular mostly polygamous or diojcious flowers, with an imbri-
cated aestivation. — Calyx 4-9-lobed. Petals as many as the lobes of the
calyx, or none. Stamens 4-12, inserted with the petals into a l>y[)Ogy-
nous disk. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 pendulous amphitropous ovules in each
cell, forming in fruit a double 2-scedt'd samara. Styles 2. Seeds with
little or no albumen. Embryo folded or spirall}' coiled.

1. ACER, L. Maplk.

Flowers polygamous. Petals usually 5 - 8, or none. Stamens 4 - 12. — Leaves
simple, palmately lobed. Flowers clustered or racemose.

* Floicfrs in terminal racemea, apprarimj ofler the leaves.

1. A. Pennsylvanicum, L. (Stuh-kd Mapi.e ) Tlacemcs simple,
drooping ; flowcis (l.") -2.")) large ; petals obovatc ; leaves slightly cordate, with
3 acuminate finely serrate lobes ; samara large. (A. striatum, Lam.) — Banks
of inouiitain streams, Georgia and northward. May. — A shrub or small tree,
with striped bark. Flowers greenish.

2. A. spicatum, Lam. (Mountain Maim.k.) Racemes compound,
erect; flowers small, verj' numerous; petals linear-spatulato ; leaves cordate,
3-lol<cd, coarsely serrate ; samara small. — "With the preceding. — Shrub C°- 10°
high. Leaves pubescent beneath.

* * Flowers on lowj and drooping umbellate or con/mbose prdiccJa, dm loped from
laltral and terminal iitd.f.

3. A. saccharinum, Wang. (Sugar Matm-. ) Leaves cordate, with
8-5 acute or acuminate sinuate-toothed lobes, paler and slightly imbesecnt 1)C-

malpighiacejE. (malpigiiia family.) 81

neath ; flowers umbellatc-corymbed, appearing with the leaves ; calyx bell-shaped,
fringed on tlie margin, nearly a-s long as the stamens ; petals none. — Ki -Ii soil,
chiefly in the upper districts, and nortliward. April and May. — A large tree.
Leaves 3' -5' wide.

Var. Floridanum. Leaves truncate or slightly cordate at the base, with
3-5 obtuse and obscurely 3-toothcd lobes; flowers umbellate, appearing before
the leaves ; calyx short, cup-shaped, hairy, one third as long as the stamens. —
Upland woods, Middle Florida. March and April. — A small tree. Leaves,
flowers, and fruit scarcely half as large as in the ordinary fonn.

# * * Flowers on short and erect clustered pedicels, developed from lateral buds, and
appearing before the leaves : fruiting pedicels long and drooping.

4. A. dasycarpum, Ehrh. (Silver Maple.) Leaves cordate, 3-5-
lobed, sharply tootlicd and serrate, white beneath ; petals none ; samara large,
woolly when young. — Banks of rivers, Florida to Mississippi, and nortliward,
February and March. — A tree 30° -50° higlT, with softwood. Flowers yel-
lowish.

5. A. rubrum, L. (Ked or Swamp Maple.) Leaves 3-5-lobed, or
undivided, smootli or pubescent, either cordate or rounded, or sometimes acute
at the base, toothed and serrate, white beneath ; petals oblong or linear ; samara
small, smooth. — Swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. Febmary and
March. — A small tree. Flowers and fruit red.

2. NEGITNDO, Jloench. Ash-leaved Maple.

Flowers dioecious. Calyx minute. Petals iione. Stamens 4 - 5, hypogynous.
— A small tree, with smooth gi'een bark. Leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolatc, the leaf-
lets ovate or oblong, lobed or toothed. Flowers small, greenish ; the sterile ones
on long and drooping clustered pedicels, the fertile ones racemose, both from
lateral buds appearing with or before the leaves.

1. N. aeeroides, Moench. (Acer Negundo, L.) Eiver-banks, Florida
and northward. March and April.

Order 44. MALPIGHIACE^. (IMalpighia Family.)

Trees or shrubs, with opposite simple dotless and mostly stipulate leaves,
and regular racemose or corymbose flowers on usually jointed pedicels. —
Calyx 5-parte(l. Petals 5, alternate with the calyx-lobes, unguiculate,
sometimes wanting. Stamens 10, alternate with the petals, and inserted
with them into a hypogynous disk : anthers roundish. Ovary solitary,
mostly 3-lobed, consisting of three more or less united carpels. Styles 3,
distinct or united. Fruit composed of one to three 1 -seeded cells or car-
pels. Seeds pendulous, without albumen. Cotyledons thick or leafy.

82 POLYGALACK^. (.MILKWOUT FAMILY.)

1. BYRSONIMA, Kich.

Calrx with 10 glands at the base without. Petals 5. Stamens roonadelphons
at the base. Styles 3. Fruit drupaceous, 3-celled, 3-secdcd. — Racemes termi-
nal, simple or branched.

1. B. lucida, Rich. Smooth; stem much-branched; leaves coriaccoos,
wedge-obovate, obtuse, entire, short-petioled, sliining above, paler beneath, vein-
less ; racenics erect, bracted, simple, twice the length of tiie leaves ; pedicels
slender, spreading ; petals yellow, orbicular-cordate, wavy, long-clawed ; drupe
smooth, globose. — South Florida. — A small shrub. Leaves 1' long. Drupe
as large as a grain of pepper.

Order 45. POLYGALACE^. (Milkwort Family.)

Herbs or shrubs, with entire exstipulatc leaves, and irregular hj'pogy-
nous monadelphous or diadelphous flowers. — Anthers 1 -celled, opening
by a terminal pore. Ovary 2-celled, with a single anatropous pendulous
ovule in each cell. Seeds often carunculate. Embryo straight in scanty
albumen. Radicle sujierior.

1. POLYGALA, L. Milkwokt.

Sepals 5, persistent, unequal ; the two lateral ones (tdnps) larger and petal-like.
Petals 3, more or less united ; the middle one (Iced) larger, and usually crested at
the a])cx. Stamens 8, rarely 6, united into a tube, or into two C(jual sets, and
also with the claws of the petals. Style curved, davate. Stigma terminal or
lateral. Capsule 2-cellcd, 2-seeded. Seeds suspended, carunculate. — Chiefly
herbs. Leaves alternate or whorled. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes,
rarely axillary, or radical and imperfect.

§ 1. Flo was in globose or oblong wore or less compact spiles.
* Spikes corjjinbose : bipniiiuls.

1. P. cymosa, Walt. Stem tall, simple; leaves scattered, linear, acute,
the upper bract-like, the lowest long (6'- 9') and crowded; corymbs simple
or compound ; wings oblong, abiiiptly acute ; seeds minute, globose-obovate,
smooth ; caruncle none. (P. corymbosa. Ell. P. acutifolia, Torr. ^y Gray. P.
graminifolia, Poir. P. attenuata, NuU.) — Pine bairen ponds, Florida to North
Carolina, and westward. July. — Stems 2° - 4° high. Corymbs very large and
comi)ound, or small and simple. Flowers yellow, turning dark green in diying.
Plant yellowish.

2. P. ramosa, I'll. Stem low, simide, or branching and leafy from the
base to the summit ; leaves fleshy, lanceolate, acute, scatlercd, the lowest spatu-
late-oi)nvMte, obtuse, crowdecL; corymbs compound, fastigiate ; wings ovat«3-
lanceolatc, nditninate ; lobes of the caruncle snndl, rotmdish, embracing the
base of the miniilc oval hairy seed. (P. corymbosa. Null. P cymosa, Poir.) —
Low open pine barrens, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July- Septem-
ber. — Stems C - 12' high. Flowers yellow, turning green in drying.

VOLTGALACEiE. (jIILKWOUT FAMILY.) 83

3. P. Baldwinii, Nutt. Stem angled, simple ; leaves alternate, lanceolate,
acute, llie lourst spatulutc ; corymbs compound ; spikes dense ; wings ovate-
lanceolate, tapering into a long and slender point ; seeds very small, gloliose,
hairy; caruncle minute. — Low pine ban-ens, Georgia, Florida, ami westward.
July and August. — Stem 1°-U° liigli- Leaves V- 1' long. Flowers white,
fragrant.

* * Spikes solitary : leaves alternate.
■*- Flowers yellow : bienniuls.

4. P. lutea, L. (Yellow Bachei.or's-Button.) Stem simple or with
spreading branches ; leaves lanceolate, acute, the lowest clustered, spatulatc-
obovate, obtuse ; spikes dense, globose or oblong ; wings elliptical, abruptly
pointed ; loI)cs of the caruncle nearly as long as the obovatc sparse-hairy seed.
— Low pine barrens, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. Junc-Auguat. —
Stem 6' -12' high. Flowers orange-yellow.

5. P. nana, DC. Low ; stems divided at the base into .'•evcral short pc-
dunclc-like branches ; leaves chiefly radical, clustered, spatulate or linear, obtuse ;
spikes tiiick, at length cylindrical, the earliest ones sessile ; wings ovate-lanee-
olate, acuminate ; lobes of the caruncle half as long a.s the obovate hairy seed.
(P. viridescens, Nnlt.) — Low sandy pine barrens, Florida to South Carolina,
and westward, flowering throughout the year. — Stems 2' -4' high. Spikes
1 ' - 2' long. Flowers yellow.

■*- ■*- Flowers purple or rose-color : annuals: stems hranrhinrj.

6. P. sanguinea, L. Leaves oblong-linear, acute ; spikes ovate or round-
ish, obtuse ; flowers imbricated; wings broadly ovate, obtuse, ccssilc: lobes of
the caruncle rather sh.orter than the pear-shaped sparse-hairy seed. (P. pur-
purea, Nnlt.) — Low grounds. North Carolina and northward. July -Sept. —
Stems 1° high. Flowers reddish-purple. Bracts persistent.

7. P. fastigiata, Xutt. Stems slender, at first simple; j'javcs naiTow-
linear, acute ; spikes globose, obtuse ; wings oblong-obovate tapering into a dis-
tinct claw at the base ; caruncle as long as the stalk of tiic sparse-Iiairy pear-
shaped seed. (P. sanguinea, Torr. ^- Graij.) — Low pine barrens, Florida to
North Carolina, and westward. July-Oct. — Stems lo'-l.'/ higli. Leaves
erect. Flowers small, bright rose-color. Bracts deciduous.

8. P. IDTuttallii, Carey. Leaves short, linear, obtuse ; ."^plkes oblong,
acute, dense; wings short, elliptical, slightly clawed; lobes of ll:o caruncle col-
lateral, one third as long as the obovate very haiiy seed. (P. ranguinea, Nutt.
P. arabigua, Torr. Sf- Graij.) — Dry sandy soil. North Carolina v.vA northward.
August. — Stem 4'- 8' high, the branches fastigiate. Spikes a:;d greenish and
pui-ple flowers smaller than in No. 7. Bracts persistent.

9. P. Chapmanii, Torr. & Gray. Stems slender, at leng'Ji sparingly
branched ; leaves scattered, naiTow-linear, acute ; spikes long, lanceolate, acute,
loose-flowered ; wings obovatc, short-clawed ; Io1k;s of the caruncle sjireading, as
long as the stalked base of the pear-shaped very hairy seed — Low pine baiTcns
near the coast. West Florida and westward. June -August — Stems l^-l^"
high. Spikes 1'- 2' long. Flowers bright-purple. Bracts persistent.

84 roi.YGALAci;.E. (milkwort family.)

10. p. incarnata, L. Stem often simple, rrlaucous ; leaves scattered, lin-
ear, fleshy, sometiiiKS minute and subulate ; spikes lanceolate, acute, dense-
flowered ; petals united into a tube which is twice as lon^ as the elliptical
wings, conspicuously crested ; curundc spongy, as long as the stalk of the
oval iiairy seed — Dry sandy soil, Florida to Mississip[)i, and noithward. June
-August. — Stem l°-2° high. Bracts deciduous. Flowers and often tlic rachis
purple.

11. P. SCtacea, Michx. Stems simple or sparingly hrnnchcd, slender;
leaves minute, scale-like; spikes oblong, dense-flowered, acute ; wings oblong,
acute, as long as the petals ; caruncle and seeds as in No. 10. — Low pine bar-
rens, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. May- July. — Stem 1° higL
Spikes ^'-1' long. Flowers pale rose-color or whitish. Bracts deciiluous.

* * * Spi/ces solitary : leaves whorled: flowers purple.

12. P. cruciata, L. Stem erect, 4-angled, simple or branched; leaves
in fours, linear or oblong-linear, thick, obtuse, the upper ones alteniate ; spikea
large, ovate, becoming cylindrical, short-peduncled ; wings ovate, tapering into
along subulate point ; lobes of the caruncle linear, collateral, as long as the
smootliish oval seed. — Pine-barren swamps, Florida to ^Mississippi, and north-
ward. July - Oct. — Stem 6' - 12' high. Spikes 1' - 2' long, \' thick. Flowers
pale rose-color. Bracts persistent.

13. P. brevifolia, Nutt. Stem weak, 4-anglcd, ^\^th long and spreading
branches; leaves tliin, lanceolate or linear, acute, the lower ones in fours; spikes
small, ovate, long-peduncled ; wings lanceolate-ovate, barely pointed ; caruncle
as long as the obovatc hairy seed. — Bogs, Florida and northward. July-
Oct. — Stem \°- I j° long. Spikes scarcely half i\s large as in the preceding.
Flowers rcildish-purjjle. Bracts persistent.

14. P. riookcri, Torr. & Gray. Stems short, weak, much branched, 4-
angled ; leaves in fours, short, linear, acutish ; spikes long-pcdunclcd, ovate-
lanceolate, acimiinatc, loose-flowered ; wings erect, lanceolate-ovate, acute ;
caruncle as long as the ovoid sparse-hairy and viscid seed. — Low grassy
pine barrens, Vrcst Florida and westward. July -Sept. — Stems 6'- 10' high.
Leaves 4" - C" long ; those of the branches mostly alternate. Flowers pulo
rose-color. Bracts persistent.

§ 2. Flowers m slender racemis or spikes.
* Ijiaves alternate: perennials or biennials.

15. P. gl'andiflora, Walt. Pubescent; stems branching ; leaves lanceo-
late; flowers large, crcstlcss, scattered in long racemes; fruiting pcdiitls droop-
ing ; wings large, orbicular, erect ; caruncle enclosing the stalk of the oblong
hairy seed. (1*. jjubescens, Mnhl.) — Varies with smootliish linear leaves, and
smaller flowers. (]'. flabellata, Shuttl.) — Dry light soil, Florida to South Tiir-
olina, and westward. July- Sept. IJ. — Stem 1° high. Hiiceines .T- (>' long,
often lateral by the prolongation of the btcm. Flowei-s bright purple, turning
grecni>li.

10. P. polygama, Walt. Smooth; stems numcron<, simple; leaves
oblong-linear, l!ie lowest spatulatc or ol)ovate ; tlywcrs of iwo kinds, viz. one

rOLYGALACK/F.. (miLKWOUT FAMILY.) 85

kind sliowy and perfect, home in a loose terminal raceme, the other imperfect,
but friiiliiiLr, in radical (rarely axillary) spikes; wings ol)Ovate ; carimcle half
88 long as the ol)ovatc very liairy seed. (P. rubella, Mu/d.) — Wet or dry
sandy barrens, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. May and June. (5) —
Stems 6'- 12' liiuh, very leafy, llaccmes 2' -6' long. Flowers purple.

17. P. Senega, L. (Seneca Snakeroot.) Stems several from a thick
woody root, erect or ascending, simple or branching above ; leaves numerous,
lanceolate, the upper ones acute (1' long) ; spike cylindrical, pcdunclcd; wings
round-obovate, as long as the capsule ; lobes of the caruncle linear, as long as
the obovate hairy seed. — Var. latifolia, Torr. & Gray. Stem taller (1°- U°) ;
leaves large (2' -4' long), ovate or ovatc-lanceolatc, acute or acuminate at eiu'h
end. — Dry rocky woods in the upper districts of North Carolina and northward ;
the variety in Tennessee, and northward. May and June. IJ. — Stems S' - 12'
high. Spikes 1'- IV long. Flowers greenish-white.

18. P. alba, Nutt. Stems several from a somewhat woody root, erect or
ascending, angular, at length branched above ; leaves linear, narrowed toward
the base, acute, or lowest ones obtuse; spike long-peduncled, linear-Ianccolatc,
acuminate ; flowers short-pcdieelled ; wings oval, rather longer than t!io capsule ;
lobes of the caruncle shorter than the oblong-obovate veiy hairy seed. (P. bicolor,
Kunth.) — Interior of Alabama, BncJdeij, ami westward. — Stems ^°-l°high.
Spikes l'-3' long. Flowers white. Bracts deciduous.

* * Leaves whorled: Jloivers small, greenish or white, in slender spikes.

19. P. Boykinii, Nutt. Perennial; stems numerous, angled, simple or
sparingly branched ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, the lower ones oblong-obovate, the
upper lanceolate and scattered ; spike linear, long-peduncled ; wings obovate, as
long as the capsule ; caruncle half as long as the oblong-obovate curved and
very hairy seed. — Rich calcareous soil, Florida, Georgia, and westward. May-
July. y. — Stems 1°- 2*' high. Leaves 1 ' long. Spikes 2' -3' long. Flowers
white.

20. P. verticillata, L. Annual ; stems low, 4-angled, much branched ;
leaves 4 - .5 in a whorl, linear, acute, the upper ones scattered ; spikes lanceolate ;
wings roundish, as long as the capsule ; lobes of the caruncle half as long as the
oblong hairy seed. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to Mississipjii, and northward.
June - Auu'. — Stem 4' - 8' high. Spikes ^'- 1' long. Flowers greenish-white.

21. P. leptostachys, Shuttl. Annual; stems filiform or setaceous, sim-
ple, or branched above, straight; leaves remote, 4 -.5 in a wlio;l. narrow-linear
or filiform, acute ; spike linear, long-peduncled ; wings oval, nearly sessile,
smaller than the capsule ; caruncle half as long as the smooth curved clavate-
ohovate seed. — Dry sand hills, Florida. May - August. — Stems 10' -15' high.
Flowers greenish.

^ •'>. Floxrrx nxillarij, ami imth imperfect radical ones, as in Xo. 16.

22. P. paucifolia, L. Perennial ; flowering stems erect, simple, leafy at
the summit ; leaves largo, ovate, alternate, nan-owed into a petiole, the lower
ones bract-like ; flowers (l-.'3) pedimelcd, crested, very large ; wings obovate;

86 LEGL'MINOS^. (PULSE FAMILY.)

lobes of the ranintlc subulate, varying in length ; seeds haiiv ; radical spikes
bractcd. — Mountains of Georgia and northward. May. — Stems 4'-G' high,
from a long i)iostratc base. Flowers %' long, pnrple.

. Order 40. KRAMERIACE.^. (Kiiataxy Family.)

Silky-pubt'sccnt herbs or slirubs, with difTuso stems, alternat(! leaves, and
irregular h\[X)'j;ynous purplish flowers, on axillary 2-bratte(l and jointed
peduncles. — Sepals 5, colored, deeiduous. Petals 5, shorter than the
sepals; the 3 posterior ones, long-elawed, often united; the "2 anterior
broad, sessile and fleshy. Stamens 4, the posterior ones distinct or miited.
Anthers 'i-cellcd, opening by a terminal pore. Ovary 1-cclled, 2-ovulcd.
Fruit l-sccdc(l, woody, indchiscent, armed with hispid prickles. Albumen
none, lliuliclo concealed in the cotyledons.

1. KRAMERIA, Loefl.
Chamrtcrs of the order.

1. K. lanccolata, Torr. Herbaceous; stems slender, prostrate, mcstlj
branching ; loaves lanceolate or linear, acute ; peduncles longer than the leaves,
leafy-bractcd above the middle ; claws of the posterior petals, and stamens,
united ; fruit g!olK)sc, downy, armed with few strong spreading spines. — Tampa
Bay, Soutli Floiida, and westward. — Koot long and woody. Stems 1° long.

Order 47. LEGUMINOS^. (Pulse Family.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with chiefly compound alternate stipulate leaves,
and papilionaceous or regular perigynous or hypogynous flowers. — Sepals
5, more or less united. Petals 5, rarely fewer, or none. Stamens niona-
delphous, di:i(h']pl;oiis, or distinct. Ovary simple, free, forming a li'gumc
in fruit. Seeds without albumen. Leaves almost always with entire mar-
gins.

Synoi>sis.

Suborder T. P.VPIUONACE^. Corolla of 5 (rarely fewer) irreg-
ular petals, Insi^rted into the base of the caly.x, rarely perigynous, iud)ri-
cated in the bud, mostly papilionaceous; viz. one upper and exterior,
termed the vcxUlum or standard ; two lateral, called wingx ; and two lower
and interior, oHcner united by their contiguous margins, forming together
the keel. Stamens 10 (rarely •>), separate, monadelphous, or diadelphous
(n & 1, or .") & .')). Legume 1-celled (sometimes partly 2-ccIled by the in-
troversion of 1 lie sutures), or several-celled by transverse partitions. Style
simple. Colyh'doiis thick.

Tbibr T. IjOTV./K. Torolla pnpllionnrpons. PtnmenR 10 (cxropt No. 8). Lopiimo con-
limioiiR (lint jdiiitcil). Cot>lcdoufl kufy iu gvrmiuutiuu. — iSlvuui (uxiupt No. 12) not
twining Dur rlliiibiiig.

LKGUMINOSyE, (I'ULSE FA^flLY.) 87

• Stamens monadelphoiis : anthers of 2 forms. Leaves simple, or palmately compound.

1. CU0T.\L.\K1.\. Culyx 5-lobed. U'gume inflated. Upper stipuUiS decurrent.

2. LUPINUS. Calyx 2 lipped. Legume flattened. Stipules not decurront.

• • Stamens diadelphous : anthers alike. Leaves trifoliolate, rarely palmate or pinnate, the

earliest ones alternate.

3. MEDICAGO. Legume membranaceous, curved or coiled, 1 - many-seeded. Flowers

racemed.

4. MELILOTUS. Legume coriaceous, straight, rugose or veined, 1-4-seeded. Flowers

racemed or spiked.
6. TRIFOLIUM. Legume smooth, membranaceous, 1-4-seeded. Flowers capitate.

6. H03ACKIA. Legume straight, many -seeded. Tcduncle 1 - 3-flowered.

• • • Stamens monadclphous or diadelphous. Legume mostly 1-seeded and indebisccnt.

Plantd dotted with small dark glands. Earliest leaves opposite,
•t- Lcgiime included in the calyx.

7. PSORALE.\. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens 10, diadelphous: half of the anthers often

imperfect.

8. PETALOSTEMON. StamensS, united into a cleft tube, and adnata to the claws of four of

the nearly regular putils.

9. DALE.\. Stamens 9 or 10, the tube partly adnate to the claws of the petals.

■I- ->- Legume exserted.

10. AMORPIIA. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Wings and keel none.

• • • • Stamens mostly diaJelphous. Legume 1 - many-seeded, 1-celled, 2-valved. Leaves

pinnate.
-I- Trees or shrubs.

11. ROBINIA. Legume flat and thin, margined on one edge. Trees or shrubs.

12. WISTARIA. Legume nearly terete, coriaceous, contracted between the seeds. Twining

shrubs.

■f- •*- Herbs.

13. TEPHROSIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Vexillum large. Legume compressed, many -seeded. Leaves

unequally pinnate.

14. INDIGOFERA. Calyx minute, 5-cleft. Vexillum small. Legume terete or angled,

2 - many-seeded. Leaves unequally pinnate.

15. GLOTTIDIUM. Calyx truncate. Legume oblong, 2-seeded. Leaves abruptly pinnate.

16. SESBANIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Legume very long and slender, many-seeded. Leaves

abruptly pinnate

• • * • • Stamens diadelphous. Legume 2-celleJ lengthwise, or 1-celled, with one of the

sutures turned inward. Leaves pinnate.

17. ASTRAGALUS. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Legume tumid.

Tribe n. VICIE^. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Legume 2-valved, rot jointed.
Cotyledons thick and fleshy, remaining under ground in germination. — Climbing vines ;
the petioles of the pinnate leaves ending in a tendril.

18. VICIA. Style filil'orni, bearded at the apex, or on the side facing the keel.

19. LATllYRUS. Style flattened, bearded on the side facing the vexillum.

Teibe in. HEDYSARE.E. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous. Legume sepa-
rating transversely iuto 1-seeded indehiscent reticulated joints, or 1-j jinted. — Stems not
twining.

« Flowers yellow.

20. ^SCIIYXOMENE. Leaves pinnate. Stamens diadelphous (5 & C). Flowers perfect.

21. ZORNIA. Leaves palmately compound. Legume 2 - 5-jointed. Flowers perfect.

22. STYL03ANTIIES. Leaves trifoliolate. Anthers of 2 forms. Flowers monoecious.

23. CHAPMANNIA. Leaves pinnate. Anthers alike. Flowers monceciou3.

* • Flowers white or purplish.

24. LESPEDEZA. Legume 1-jointed. Peduncles axillarj-.

88 LEGmriNOsi:. (pulse family.)

25. DESMODIUM. Lepume 2 - 6-jointed, bristly. Racemes terminal.

Tribe IV. PHASEOLE^. Stamens monadelphous or dindelphous (9 ft 1;. I.ep-
ume 2 valved, not jointed. Cotyledons tUicii and tieeliy ; usuaUy ruibcd above ground
in germination. — Chiefly twining vines.

• Ovary 1 - 2.ovuled.

26. RHTNCHOSIA. I>egume oblong. Flowers yellow. Leaves trifoliolate.

• • Ovary few or many-ovuled.
•1- Keel spirally twisted

27. APIO.'^. Leaves pinnate, not stipellatc.

28. PilASEOLUS. Leaves trifoliolate, sti|;ellatp.

*- ■»- Keel straight. Leaves trifoliolate (except one species of Galactia).
•M- Legume terete, torulose.

29. TIGN.\. Flowers yellow. A'exillum roundish. Stems twining.

30. BRYTUKINA. Flowers scarlet. Vexillum narrow, elongated. Stems erect.

++ -M- Legume flattened.
= Bracts opposite. Vexillum very large.

31. CLITOniA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Vexillum spurless at the base.

32. CENTKOSEMA. Calyx short, 5-clcft. Vexillum spurred at the base.

= = Bracts alternate.

33. AMPIIICARPiEA. Calyx 4 - 5-toothcd. Flowers of two kinds. Bracts persistent

34. OALACTIA Calyx 4-cleft. Bracts deciduous. Legume linear.

35. CANAV.\LIA. Stamens monadelphous. Calyx bilabiate, llilum linear. Legume three-

ridded on the back.

36. DOLICIIOS. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Calyx 6-<-left. Ililum oval.

Tribe V. DALiBERGIE.^. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous. Legume
indchisccnt. Cotyledons thick and fleshy. — Trees or shrubs.

37. PISCIDIA. Legume compressed, 4-winged. Leaves pinnate.

Tmbe VI. SOPIIORE.^. Stamens 10, separate. Legume not jointed. — Erect herbs,

shrubs, or trees.

» Legume dehiscent.

38. BAPTISTA. Stamens deciduous. Legume inflated, stipitate, few-seeded. Leaves simple

or trifoliolate.

39. TIIE;;5I0PSIS. stamens persistent. Legume nearly sessile, flattened, many-seeded.

Leaves trifoliolate.

40. CLADIIASTIS. Stamens persistent. Legume flat, few-seeded. Leaves pinnate. Tree.

* » Legume indehiscent.

41. SOPnOUA. Legume monilifonn. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs.

St-noHDKU n. C^SALPINIEiE. Corolla irronnlar and somewhat
papilionaceous, or almost regular, imbricatjcd in the bud \ the upper petal
interior. Stamens separate. Embryo straight.

42. CinCIS. Flowers perfect, somewhat papilionaceous. Calyx 5-Ioothcd. I>eavc8 slmp'e.

43. CASSIA. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx deeply 5-partcd. Anthrrs disshuilar. Leaves

pinnate.

44. OLEDITSCHIA. Flowers polygamous, almost regular. Calyx 3 parted. Leaves pin-

nate and bipinnatc.

SuiKHtnr.u III. MIMOSK/E. Corolla regular, liy])ogynous, valvate
in th(; bud. Stamens disliiirt or united, oHen very numerous, inserted with
the petals. Embryo straight. — Leaves pinnale or 2 - li-pinuale. Flow-
ers polygamous.

Li:<;uMix0SiE. (ri'LSE family.) 89

• Flowers perfect and staminate. Petals united.
45- MIMOSA. Filaments distiuct. Leguuie jointed, Hat.

46. SCIIKANKIA. Filaments distinct. Legume not jointed, echinate.

47. PITIIKCOI^OBIUM. Filaments united into a tube below. Legume broad and flat, mealy

or pulpy within.

• • Flowers perfect and neutral. Petals distinct.

48. DESMANTHDS. Sterile filaments filiform. Legume linear, many-.seeded.

49. NEPTUNIA. Sterile filaments flat or petal-like. Legume oblong, few-seeded.

SuBOKDER I. PAPILIOIVACEiE. Pulse Family.

1. CROTALARIA, L. Eattle-box.

CaljTC 5-lobcd. Vexillum cordate : keel falcate. Stamens monadelphous.
Anthers alternately oblong and roundish. Capsule inflated, oblong, many-
seeded. — Low herbs, with simple leaves ; the upper ones with broad decurrent
inversely sagittate stipules. Kacemes opposite the leaves. Flowers yellow.
Legumes dark -purple.

1. C. sagittalis, L. Annual ; stems low, branching, shaggy with rust-
colored spreading hairs ; leaves nearly sessile, oval or oblong, hairy ; racemes
short, 2 - 3-flowered. — Barren sandy soil, Florida and northward. June and
July. — Stem 3' - 6' high. Racemes 2' - 3' long.

2. C. ovalis, Pnrsh. Perennial ; stems several, branching, prostrate or a.<;-
cending, rough with appressed hairs ; leaves short-petioled, oval or oblong, hairy ;
racemes long, 3 - 6-flowcred. — Dry pine barrens, Florida to Korth Carolina, and
westward. May -July. — Stem 6' -12' high. Racemes 4' -6' long. Flowers
distant.

3. C. Purshii, DC. Perennial ; stems slender, erect, roughened with scat-
tered appressed hairs ; leaves thick, smooth above, the lower ones oblong, the
upper linear ; racemes long, 5- 10-flowercd. — Flat grassy pine barrens, Florida
to South Carolina, and westward. May and June. — Stem 12'- 18' high. Ra-
cemes 6' -12' long. Flowers distant.

2. LUPINUS, Tourn. Lupine.
Calyx 2-lipped, 5-toothed. Vexillum with the sides reflexed. Keel falcate,
acute. Stamens monadelphous, with alternate anthers oblong and roundish.
Capsule oblong, compressed, many-seeded ; the seeds often separated by cellular
partitions. — Herbs, with simple or palmatcly 5 - many-foliolate leaves, and
showy flowers in terminal racemes.

1. L. perennis, L. Stem pubescent, erect; leaves palmately 7 - 9-folio-
late ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse, more or less hairy ; stipules minute ; ra-
cemes long, loosely many-flowered ; flowers purplish or purplish-blue, rarely
white. — Var. gracilis (L. gracilis, Nutt.) is a more slender and hairy form,
with smaller and narrower, often acute leaflets. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to
Mississippi, and northward. April and May. 1|. — Stem 1°-1^° high.

2. L. villosus, Willd. — Biennial ; villous and hoary; stems thick, pros-
trate or ascending; leaves simple, lanceolate-oblong, mostly acute, long-petioled ;

8*

90 Li;t;i MiNO-SiE. (pulse family.)

stipules lincar-subuhitc, elongated, adnate below to the petioles ; racemes erect,
densely many-flowered ; flowers pale red, the vcxillum dark purple in the
centre ; legume very woolly. — Dry sandy barrens, Florida to North Carolina.
April. — Stems 10-2° long. Leaves (with tiie petiole) ti'-8' long.

3. L. diffusus, Nutt. Perennial ; silky-tomentose and hoary ; stems pros-
trate or eix'ct, niiich branched ; leaves simple, oblong or obovate, obtuse, shoit-
petiolcd ; stipules short, often wanting on the branches ; racemes many-flowered ;
flowers blue, the ve.xillum dark purple in the centre; legume woolly. — Dry
sand-ridges, Florida to North Carolina. April and May. — fcjtems 1" - 2° high.
Leaves 2' - 4' long.

3. MEDICAGO, L.

Calyx 5-clcft ; the lobes subulate or setaceous. Corolla deciduous. Vcxillum
longer than the partly united wings and keel. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9 &
1), equal. Style smooth. Legume falcate or coiled, 1 -many-seeded. — Herbs
or shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate. Stipules aduate to the petioles, mostly incised.
Flowers yellow, in axillary spikes.

1. M. lupulina, L. Pubescent ; stem procunil)cnt ; leaflets obovate,
toothed ; stipules nearly entire ; .spikes globose, many-flowcrcd ; flowers mi-
nute ; legumes reniform, 1 -seeded, black. — Wtuste places, Florida and north-
ward. Introduced, (l) — Stem 1° -2° long.

4. MELILOTUS, Toum. Mklilot. Swkkt Clovkk.

Calyx 5-toothed ; the teeth long and equal. Corolla deciduous. AVings and
keel cohering. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Legume ovoid, coriaceous,
veiny or rugose, longer than the calyx, 1 - 4-seedc(l, scarcely dehiscent. —
Smooth herbs. Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets often toothed. Stipules adnate to
the petioles. Flowers yellow or white, in axillary racemes.

1. M. officinalis, AVilld. Stem erect, branching ; leaflets obovate-oblong,
tootbe<l ; flowers yellow ; vcxillum striped with brown, as long as the keel and
wings ; legume obovate, rugose. — Cultivated ground. Introduced. ® and (g)
— Stems l°-3° high. Legumes drooping, 2-seeded.

2. M. alba, Lam. Stem erect, branching ; leaflets oblong, truncate, ser-
rate ; racemes elongated ; flowers white ; vcxillum longer than tlic wings and keel ;
legumes ovate, riigose, 1 -seeded. (;M. leucantha, Koch.) — Cultivated grounds.
Introduced. Q — Legumes droo])ing.

5. TRIFOLIUM, L. Ci.ovku.

Calyx .')-cleft ; the teeth subulate or setaceous. Corolla withering or ])crsist-
ent ; the keel shorter than the wings, and united witli them by their claws. Sta-
mens diadelphous (9 & 1). Legiuno smooth, uunibranaceous, 1-G-seeded, often
shorter than the calyx, scarcely dehiscent. — Tufted or difliise bcrlw. Loaves
trifoliolate, the leaflets mostly toothed. Stipules udnalu lu ilie petioles. Flow-
ers (in our species) capitate.

LEOU.^nNOS^.. (iTLSK lA.MILY.) 91

* Fntiti-nfj rahjx erect.

1. T. pratense, L. (Red Clover.) Ilairv ; stems erect; leaflets ob-
long-ovate or oval, often emarginate, slightly serrulate ; lieads large, ovate ;
calyx-teeth setaceous, hairj' ; flowers purple. — Around dwellings. Introduced,
hut scarcely naturalized, at least in the low country. — Stems l°-2°hiyh.
Leaves usually marked with a pale 3-anglcd spot above.

2. T. arvense, L. (R.\bbit-foot Clover.) Softly pubescent ; stems
erect; leaflets liuear-oblong, minutely 3-toothed ; heads oblong; calyx-teeth se-
taceous, plumose ; corolla white, with a purple spot on the wings. — Old fields,
chiefly in t!ie ujtpcr districts. Introduced. {£) — Stems 8' - 12' liigii.

, * * Fruiting calijT irjlcxfd.

n. T. roflexum, L. (Buffalo Clover.) I'ubesccnt ; stems ascending;
leaflets rouiidish or obcordate, toothed, the U])i)crniost oblong ; heads globose ;
ealyx-tube very short, the subulate teeth long and hairy ; vexiilum broad! v ovate,
pui'plc ; the wings and keel white; legume 3-5-sccded. — "Waste places and
pastures, Florida to North Carolina, and northward. April and ^lay. (T^ and
(D — Stems C - 1 2' long. Heads large.

4. T. repens, L. CWhite Clover.) Smooth; stems creeping; leaf-
lets roundish or obcordate ; heads globose, long-pedunclcd ; calyx-teeth short ;
flowers white ; legume 4-seeded. — Pastures and around dwellings. Introduced.
M.ny. 11. — Stems C'-12' long.

5. T. prOGUmbens, L. Pubescent; stems slender, erect or procumbent ;
leaflets small, thin, obovate or obcordate, toothed, the middle one stalked ;
heads small, ovate ; flowers yellow ; legume 1-seeded. — Waste places ; more
common in the up]3er districts. Introduced. Q) — Stems 6'- 12' long.

6. T. Carolinianum, Michx. Pubescent ; stems tufted, prostrate ; leaf-
lets small, obcordate, slightly toothed ; heads roundish, long-peduncled ; flowers
white, tinged with purple ; vexiilum acute; legume 4-secded. — Fields and pas-
tures, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. March and April, y. —
Stems 6'- 10' long; in shady places erect.

6. HOSACKIA, Dougl.

Calyx 5-cleft. Vexiilum as long as the keel and spreading wings. Stamens
<liadelphous (9 & 1 ). Legume cylindrical or compressed, smooth, wingless,
many-seeded. — Herbs. Leaves trifoliolatc or pinnate. Stipules mostly minute
and gland-like. Peduncles 1 - several-flowered.

1 H. Purshiana, Bcnth. Hairy; stem much branched ; leaves trifolio-
late, with oblong leaflets ; peduncle 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; keel
acute; bracts simple ; legume linear, nearly terete. — North Carolina. — Stem
12'- 15' high. Flowers rose-color.

7. PSORALEA, L.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, with the lobes acute. Stamens diadelphous or
partly monadelphous : half of the anthers often imperfect. Legume often

92 LEC.U.MIXOS.K. (rULSE FAMILY.)

wrinkled, 1-seedcd, indehisccnt, included in the calyx. — Perennial usnally
glandular herbs. Stipules cohering with the petioles. Flowers axillaiT or ter-
luiual, jmrplish or white, racemose or spiked.

* Leaves 1 - 3-foliolate.

1. P. virgata, Nutt. Smoothish; stem virgate, sparingly branched ; leaves
very remote, 1- (or the lowest 2-3-) foliolate ; leaflets linear or ohloiig-linear,
obtu.se, tlie lower ones broader and long-petioled ; stipules setaceous ; peduiiclis
much sliorter than the leaves ; spikes dense, cylindrical ; bracts ovate, aiunii-
nate, and, like the calyx, glandular and hairy ; corolla violet. — Near St. Mary's,
Georgia, and the adjacent parts of Florida. July. — Stem 2° high. Lcailcts
2' -5' long.

2. P, melilotoides, Michx. Glandular and sparingly pubescent; leaves
trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or elliptical ; stipules subulate ; spikes ol)-
long, on peduncles 2-3 times as long as the leaves; bracts ovate, acuminate,
veiny; corolla violet ; legume rugose. — Var. 1. (P. eglandulosa, /,7/ ) Gland-
less or nearly so ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, and, like the calyx, villous. — Dry sol",
Florida to Tennessee, and westward. Jlay and June. — Stoiu I°-2° hi:^!!.
Leaflets I' -2' long.

3. P. Onobrychis, Nutt. Pubescent ; le.ives trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate,
acuminate ; racemes elongated, somewhat sccuad ; calyx glandular, the teeth
small, obtuse, equal ; legume ovate, muricate, wrinkled transversely. — Near
Spartanburg, South Carolina. June and July. — Stem 3° -."3° hi)^h. Leaves
very large.

4. P. canescens, Michx. Iloary -pubescent ; lower leaves trifoliolate, tlio
upper simi)lc, sliort-petiolcd ; leaflets obovate, glandular; racemes longer than
the leaves, few-flowered ; calyx inflated ; flowers blue, tuniing greenish ; legume
even. — Dry pine barrens, Florida to North Carolina. April and ]SIay. — Stem
bushy, 2° high. Resembles a Baptisia,

* * Leaves palmalely 5 - 1 -foliolate.

5. P. Lupinellus, Michx. Smooth ; stem slender, declining, sparingly
branched ; leaflets filiform ; racemes longer than the leaves, loose-flowered ;
flowers violet ; legumes i-ugose. (P. Floridana, ShuUl.) — Dry ]iine barrens, Flor-
ida to North Carolina. May and June. — Stem 2° long. Lcallcts li' -3' long.

C. P. subacatllis, Torr. & Gray. Nearly stemless ; peduncles, petioles.
and calyx white with sjireading hairs ; leaves 7-1'oliolate, long-petioled ; leaflets
ohovate-oblong, smootiiLsh above, fringed on the margins and midrib henentii ;
peduncles longer than tiie leaves, rigid; spikes dense, ovale or oblong; brads
ovate, acuminate ; calyx-teeth obtuse. — Rocky hills, near Nasiiville, Tennessee.
April and May. — Leaflets 1' long. Peduncles 4' - C long." Flowers numerous,

purple.

* * * Leitvrs pinnate.

7. P. multijuga, Ell. Stem branching ; leaflets numerous (9- 10 paii-s),
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent ; spikes oblong ; bract.s small, niembrnna-
ceous, without glands. — Al)bevillc District, South Carolina.— St<m 1°- 2° high.
I.iean(ts unall. ISracts half as long as liie calvx. Flowrrs violet.

LEGUMINOSJE. (rULSE FAMILY.) 93

8. PETALOSTEMON, Michx.

Calyx nearly equally rj-tootlicd or 5-eleft. Petals almost regular, on filiform

claws, four of them united with the tube of stamens, the fifth free, cordate or

oblong, folded. Stamens 5, united into a deft tube. Ovary 2-ovuled. Legume

indchiseent, 1 -seeded, included in the calyx. — Pci-cnnial glandular herbs, with

unequally pinnate leaves, and white or purple flowers iu terminal spikes or

heads.

* Spikes solitary.

1. P. gracile, Xutt. Stems decumbent, virgate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong-
linear, obtuse ; spikes oval, becoming cylindrical in fruit, peduncled ; vexillum
broadly cordate — Low pine barrens, Florida and westward. August. — Stems
2° long. Leaflets i' long. Flowers white.

2. P. carneum, Michx. Stems erect, much branched, very leafy ; leaf-
lets 5-7, linear, acute; spikes oblong, long-peduncled ; vexillum oblong. — Dry
sandy soil. Florida and Georgia, westward. — Stems 2° -3° high. Flowers
white or reddish.

* * Spilres conjmhose.

3. P. corymbosum, Michx. Stems clustered, erect, very leafy ; leaflets
3- 7, filiform ; teeth of the calyx setaceous, ])lumosc ; vexillum oblong. — Va-
ries with more numerous (11-15) oblong leaflets which arc commonly emargi-
nate at the apex. — Dry pine barrens, Florida to North Carolina, and westwai'd ;
the variety in the low country of South Carolina, Curtis. Sept. and Oct. —
Stems 2° high. Flowers white.

9. DALE A, L.

Calyx 5-ckft. Corolla imperfectly pr.pilion;u'Coas ; petal.-; clawed; frar of
them united with the tube of stamens below tlie middle, the fifth (vexir.uii;) free,
cordate, and inserted into the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 10, united into a
cleft tube. Legume 1-seeded, membranaceous, indchiseent, included in tlie calyx.
— Mostly glandular herbs, with spiked or capitate flowers.

1. D. alopecuroides, WilUl. Stem erect, smooth ; leaves pinnate, with
numerous linear-oblong leaflets ; spikes dense, cylindrical, silky-villous ; corolla
small, pale violet, the vexillum white. — Rich soil, Alabama, northward and
westward. July. — Stem l°-2° high.

10. AMORPHA, L.

Calyx obconical, 5-toothcd, persistent. Vexillum straight, concave. "Wings
and keel none. Stamens raonadelphous at the base, exserted. Legume 1 - 2-
seeded, oblong, curved, glandular- roughened, indchiseent or nearly so. — Shrubs;
with unequally pinnate leaves, and numerous leaflets which are punctate with
pellucid dots. Flowers blue or white, in slender racemes or spikes.

1. A. frutieosa, L. Pubescent; leaves petioled ; leaflets 15-21, oblong,
obtuse or emarginate, sparingly dotted ; flowers raeemed, blue ; calyx-tcetb very
short, nearly equal, pubescent; logiune I-2-sceded. — Banks of rivers, Florida

'J4 LKGUMINOS.E. (I'Lri.SE FAMILY.)

to Mississipj)i, aiul northwanl. May and June. — Shrub G°- 15° high. Leaf-
lets I'-l^' long. Racemes mostly panicled.

2. A. herbacea, Walt. Pubescent or glabrous ; leaves sliortpetiolcd ;
leaflets 15 -.3."), rigid, oval or oblong, conspicuously dotted; racemes spicatc, sin-
gle or panicled ; calyx-teeth villous ; the two ujjpcr ones short and obtuse, tiic
lower more or less elongated and acute; legume 1 -seeded. (A. puniila, Mic/ix.
A. pubcscens, Willd. A. Caroliniana, Crooin.) — Low pine barrens, Florida to
North Carolina, and westward, June and July. — Slirul) 2° -4° high, with pur-
ple branches. Leaflets smaller and more crowded than in No. 1. Flowers blue
or white.

3. A. canescens, Nutt. Iloary-tomentose ; leaves sessile ; leaflets lui-
mcrous, small, elliptical, crowded ; spikes short, panicled, dense-flowered ; calyx-
teeth acute, nearly equal; legume 1 -seeded. — Near Augusta, Georgia, and
west^vard. July and August. — Shrub l°-2° high. Flowers bright blue.

11. ROBINIA, L. Locust.

Calyx short, .5-tootlied or 5-cleft, the two upper teeth shorter and more or less
united. Vcxilhim large, roundish ; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelj)lious (9 &
1). Style bearded on the side facing the vcxillum. Legume compressed, many-
seeded, the seed-bearing suture margined. Seeds flat. — Trees or shrubs, often
with stijjular s])ines, unequally pinnate leaves, and showy white or rose-colored
flowers in axillary racemes.

1. R. Pseudacacia, L. (Locust. False Acacia.) Smoothish ;
spines small on the older branches, straight; leaflets 9-17, oblong-ovate, or
elliptical; racemes pendulous, oblong, many-flowered; flowers white; legume
4-G-seedcd. — Ivich soil, in the upper districts. April and May. — A tree 30°-
60° liigh, with liard and durable wood. Racemes 3'- 5' long. Calyx spotted.
Legume smooth. Flowers fragrant.

2. R. viscosa, Vent. Branches, petioles, peduncles, and legumes glandular-
viscid ; spines very small ; leaflets 11 -25, ovate and oblong, ol)tuse or slightly
<'ordatc at the base, jialer and ])ubescent beneath, tij)ped with a short bristle ;
flowers crowded in roundish erect racemes, ro.se-color ; legume 3- 5-seeded. —
lianks of streams, on the mountains of Georgia and Carolina. May and -June.
— A tree 20° -40° high. Flowers inodorous.

3. R. hispida, L. Branches, &c. more or less bristly ; stipules very slen-
der and bristle-like, deciduous; leaflets 11-18, smooth, ovate or oblong-ovate,
rounded or slightly cordate at the ba.se, tii>pcd with a long bristle ; flowers large,
in a loose and mostly jiendiilous raceme, bright mse-color — Mountains of Geor-
gia and North Carolina, both the ordinary form and the var. kosi;a, rnisli, whh
pul)esccnt lirMinhcs and few-flowered racemes. May. — Shrub 3° - 8° high.

Var. Elliottii. Branches, &c. pubescent; stipnlar si)ines very stout, spread-
ing or recurved. (R. liispida, var. rosea, Ell.)—V\\w baiTcns in the central
parts of Georgia and southward. — Shiid> .•}°-.'>o high, with thick and rigid
branches. A still smaller (orm, scarcely a foot high (var. mma, Ell.), is found
at Coluiubia, Souili Carolina.

LEGUMINOS^=;. (PULSK FAMILY.) 95

12. WISTARIA, Nutt.

Calyx campanulatc, somcwliiit ^-lijiped ; tlic upper lip broad, 2-clcft, the lower
3-clcft. Vexillum large, with 2 parallel ridges at the base. Stamens diadelplious
(9&1). Legume coriaceous, nearly terete, contracted between the seeds, at
length 2-valvcd. — Twining shrubs, with unequally pinnate leaves, and showy
purple flowers, in a crowded raceme.

1. W. fl'Utescens, DC. Young leaves and branches silky-puliescent ;
leaflets 9-13, ovate-lanceolate or oblong; stipels none; racemes on short
branches, dense-flowered. (Thyrsanthus frutescens, Ell.) — Margins of swamps,
Florida to North Carolina, and west to Mississippi. April and May. — Leaflets
riong. Racemes 4' -6' long, 2' -3' in diameter. Legume 1 - several-seeded.
Bracts large, caducous.

13. TEPHROSIA, Pcrs.

Calyx nearly equally .5-cleft or ."i-tootlied. Vexillum large, roundish, spread-
ing or reflexcd, usually white within, and reddish or purple and silky witliout;
keel obtuse, cohering with the wings. Stamens mouade]i)lK)us or diadelplious.
Style smooth or laterally bearded. Legume compressed, linear, many-seeded. —
Perennial herbs, with unequally pinnate leaves, with the leaflets opposite mucro-
natc and straight-veined, and white or ])urplish flowers.

* Flowers siiKjle or hj pairs in the arils of lite leaves ; the vppermost often croicded in

a dense raceme.

1. T. Virginiana, Pcrs. (Goat's Rue.) Soft-hairy and somewhat
hoary; stems very leafy, clustered, erect, simple; leaflets 11-25, oblong or
linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, smoothish above ; flowers yellowish-white tinged
with purple. — Dry pine barrens, Florida to Alississippi, and northward. June
and July. — Stems 1° - 2° high, from long and slender roots. Flowers showy.

* * Flowers in loncj-pcdunchd racemes opposite the leaves : vexillum pubescent

cxternalli/.

2. T. spicata, Ton-. & Gray. Hirsute or villous with nisty hairs ; stems
simple or diffusely branched; leaves scattered, short-petioled ; leaflets 9-15,
oval or cuneate-oblong, rounded and strongly mucronate at the apex, smooth-
ish above ; racemes 2-3 times as long as the leaves, C - 1 0-flowered ; lobes
of the calyx linear-subulate ; flowers large, white and purple. (T. paucifolia,
Nutt. Galega villosa, Michx.) Varies with linear, acute, and reflexcd leaflets,
the odd one elongated. — Dry soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.
June and July. — Stems 1° -2° long.

3. T. hispidula, Pursh. Hoary-pubescent or smoothi.sh ; stems slender,
terete, erect or jjiocumbcnt ; petiole shorter than the lowest leaflets ; leaflets 11 -
15, small (4" -6" long), oblong, acute or obtuse, often smooth above ; peduncles
slender, terete, commonly longer than the leaves, 2 - 4-flowere(l ; flowers small,
purple. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. June and
July. — Stems 6' - 1 8' long.

4. T. chrysophylla, Pursh. Prostrate, rusty pubescent ; stems diflTusely
branched; leaves sessile or nearly so, short (l'-l|' long) ; leaflets (yellowish)

d*6 LEGUMIXOS^. (rULSK FAMILY.)

5-7, cuncatc-obovatc, obtuse or cmarginatc, smootli above ; peduncles longer
than tlic leaves, terete, 2- S-floweix-d ; ealyx-teetli slioit, aeute. — Varies witli
smaller (^'- 1' long) leaves and flowers, tlio hitter mosily solitary on the short
peduncles. — Dry pine barrens, Florida, Georgia, and westward. — Stems 6'-
18' long.

5. T. ambigua, ^I. A. Curtis. Iloary-pubeseent, or nearly smooth ; stems
decumbent, angled ; leaves scattered, long-pctioled (;")'- C long) ; leaflets 7 - 1.5,
distant, wedgc-oblong, truncate or cmarginatc at the apex, i)aler and often
smooth above, purplisli and strongly veined beneath ; jK'duneles flattened, equal-
ling or exceeding the leaves, few-flowered ; calyx-teeth short, aeute ; flowci-s
white and purple. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina. June and
July.

6. T. angUStissima, Shuttl. Smooth or nearly .so throughout ; stems slen-
der, prostrate, diffusely branched ; leaves short-pctioled ; leaflets 10- 15, linear,
acute, mostly opposite ; racemes very slender, longer than the leaves, bearing
2-4 small scattered flowers; calyx slightly pubescent, with triangular-ovate
acute teeth. — South Florida, 7?»(7r/. — Stem 1° long. Leaflets 8" -12" long,
1" wide, spreading. Corolla about 3" long.

14. INDIGOFERA, L. Ixdigo.

Calyx 5-cleft. Yexillum roundish. Keel with a subulate spur on each side,
often clastieally reflexed. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Legume 1 -many-
seeded. Seeds usually truncated at each end, often separated by membrana-
ceous partitions. — Herbs with unequally pinnate leaves, and white, brownish, or
purplish axillary flowers. Legumes drooping.

* Racemes longer than the leaves. — Tndif/enoiis species.

1. I. Caroliniana, Walt. Smoothish; stem erect, tall, branching ; leaf-
lets lO-l.'j, obovatc or oblong; racemes many-flowered; calyx-teeth short,
acute; flowers yellowish-brown; legume oblong, veiny, 2-seeded. : — Dry pine
barrens, Florida to North Carolina. July and August. Ij. — Stem 3° -5^
high. Flowers small. Legume 4" -5" long.

2. I. leptosepala, Nutt. Rough hairy ; stem decumbent ; leaflets 7-9,
obovate-obiong or cuneate ; racemes 6 - 1 5-flowered ; caly.x-teeth slender-sid)u-
latc ; flowers pale-searlet ; legume linear, even, 6-9-seeded. — Georgia, A'»//«//,
South Florida, Bloihjctt, and westward. — Stem 2° -3° long. Legume 1^'
long, straight.

* * lincemes shorter tluin the leaves. — Iiitroduad species.

3. I. tinctoria, L. Stem erect ; leaflets 9-11, oval, pulK-sccnt beneath ;
legume ten-tc, torulose, curved. — Waste places. August.

4. I. Anil, L. Stem erect ; leaflets 7 -l."), oval ; legume compressed, even,
thickened at each suture. — Waste places.

These two species were formerly cultivated in some of the btates, and em-
ployed in the manufacture of indigo.

LKOUlUNOSyK. (I'ULSK FAillLV.) 97

15. GLOTTIDIUM, Dosv.

Calyx campamiliitc, obliquely truiuati-, 5 toothed. Vcxillum short, leniforir..
Stamens diaik-lphous (9 & 1). Style short, incurved at the apex. Sligma
acute. Legume oblong, stipitate, compressed ; the membranafcous endocarp
at length separating from the coriaceous epiearp, and enclosing the two oolong
seeds. — A tall smuoth-brancliing amuial, with abrujitly pinnate leaves, and yel-
low flowers in a.\illary often conijjound racemes.

I. G. rioridanum, DC. (Seshania vesiearia, Sj>ren(j.) — Damp sol!,
Florida to iSouth Carolina, and westward. August. — Stem 2° - 8° iiij;,h. Lc.if-
lets numerous, oblong-linear. Legume 1'- 2' long, riant yellowish-green.

16. SESBANIA, Ters.

Calyx 2-bracted, campanulate, equally 5-toothed. Vexillum roundisli. Keel
obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1) ; the tube toothed at the base. Legume
slender, elongated, knotted. — Herbs or shrub.s. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Leaf-
lets numerous. Flowers yellow* or reddish, in axillary racemes.

1. S. maerocarpa, Muhl. Annual, smooth ; leaflets oblong-liiioar, ob-
tuse, mucronate ; racemes shorter than the leaves, 1 -4-flowered ; kgume curved,
compressed, 4-sided, many-seeded. — Swamps, Florida to South Carolina, and
westward. August and September. — Stem 5° -12° high. Legume S'-l^'
long, pendulous. Flowers yellow and red, dotted with purple.

17. ASTRAGALUS, L. Milk-Vetch.

Calyx .'j-toothcd ; the 2 npjier teeth separated. Vexillum as lung as tlie wings
and obtuse keel. Stamens 10, diadelphous. Legume commonly turgid, few -
many-seedcfl, usually partly or completely 2-celled by the introversion of one or
both of the sutures. — Herbs with unequally jjinnate leaves, and axillary s])iked
or racemose flowers.

* Legume partly or completel/j 2-celled by the introversion of the dorsal suture.

1. A. Canadensis, L. Tall, pubescent i leaflets 21 -31, oblong, obtuse ;
.stipules ovate, cla>ping ; peduncles as long as the leaves, closely many-flowered ;
calyx-teeth subulate; legume inflated, oval, terete, 2-celled. — Mountains of
Georgia and North Carolina, and northward. June-August. IJ. — Stem 2°-3°
high. Leaflets l'-l|' long. Flowers |' long, pale yellow.

2. A. glaber, Mirhx. Stem tall, nearly smooth; leaflets 1 5 - 2.'), oblong-
linear, pubescent beneath ; stipules minute, spreading ; spikes longer than the
leaves, loosely tnany-flowercd ; calyx-teeth broad and short ; legume curved, ob-
long, flattened edgewise, 2-celled. — Dry ])ine barrens, Florida to North Caro-
lina. April, y. — Stem 2° high. Leaflets 6" - 8" long. Flowers white.

3. A. Obcordatus, Ell. Smoothish ; stems prostrate ; leaflets small,
17-25, obcordate ; peduncles as long as the leaves, loosely 8 - 1 .'> flowered ;
legumes crescent-shaped, compressed, veiny, partly 2-eelU'd. — Drv sandy bar-
rens, Florida, and the lower parts of Georgia. April- June, li — Stciuj G'-12'
long. Leaflets 3" - 4" long. Flowers pale purple.

9

93 LEGUMINOS^K. (PILSP: FAMILY.)

4. A. Tennesseensis, Gray. Villous with white hairs ; stems pros-
trate or astmiliii;,' ; Icallcts about 20, ol)long or linear-ol)loiijr, ohtusc or emar-
giuatc, suiootii aliove, more or less hairy beneath ; stipules ovate-lanceolate,
adnatc to tiie petioles ; peduncles as long as tlie leaves ; racemes .'^^oinewiiat capi-
tt\te, 10- 15-lio\vered ; calyx-teeth subulate, much shorter than the tube ; legume
oblong, curved, thick and fleshy, reticulate-rugose when dry, 2-eelkd, many-
seeded, at length smoothish. — Hills near Nashville, Tennessee, L(squtreux, and
Lagrange, Alabama, Prof. Hatch. March and April. IJ. — Stems 4' - 6' long.
Flowers 8" -9" long, apparently purple.

* * Liipime IcfUid; lite ventral suture thickened aiul sometimes slif/htly hijlexcd.

5. A. villosus, Mich.x. Villous and hoary ; stems prostrate ; leaflets
about 13, oval or oblong, commonly cmarginate ; stipules lanceolate, peduncles
as long as the leaves ; racemes ovate, dense-flowered ; calyx-teeth longer than
the tube- legume oblong, curved, 3-anglcd, even, 1-ccllcd. (Phaca villosa,
]\^ult.) — Dry pine barrens, Florida to South Carolina. April and May. IJ. —
Stems 4' - G' long. Flowers small, dull yellow.

18. VICIA, Touni. Vktcii. Tare.

Calvx tubular, 5-clcft, the two upper teeth usually shorter. Style filiform,
hairv at the apex, or on the side facing the keel. Legume 2 - many-seeded, 2-
valved. Seeds orbicular. Cotyledons thick. — Slender climbing herbs. Leaves
pinnate ; the petiole terminating in a tendril. Stipules mostly semi-sagittate.
Flowers axillary.

* Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 1 - 2-Jlowcrfd.

1. V. sativa, L. (Vktcu or Take.) Tubcsccnt ; stem simple; leaflets
10- 12, varying from obovatc-oblong to linear, einarginate ; flowers by pairs,
nearly sessile, jnUe purple ; legume linear, several-seeded. — Cultivated grounds.
Introduced. ® — Corolla ^' long. Stem 1° -2° long.

2. V. micrantha, Nutt. Smooth ; leaflets 4 - G, linear, obtuse or barely
acute; peduncles 1-2-flowcrcd; flowers miiuite, pale blue; legume sabre-shaped,
4 - 10-secdcd. — Banks of rivers and shaded ])laces, West Florida to North Ala-
bama, and westward. April. @ — Stems 2° -3° long. Seeds black.

* * Peduncles commonly lonrjei- than the leaves, 3 - mani/-Jlourred.

3. V. hirsuta, Koch. Hairy; leaflets 12-14, oblong-linear, truncate;
peduncles 3-G-flowcred, about as long as the leaves, calyx-teeth ecjual ; flowers
small, bluish-white ; legume short, oblong, 2-secded. (V. Mitchelli, /?r//". Er-
vum liirsutuni, /..) — Cultivated ground. Introduced. April and May.

4. V. acutifolia, Ell. Smooth ; leaflets about 4, linear or rai-ely oblong,
acute or truncate; peduncles 4-8-flowercd, usually longer than the leaves;
flowers pale blue, the keel tipfied with purple; legume linear. 4 - 8-scedcd. —
Damp soil near the coast, Florida and (Icorgia. March - May. IJ. — Stems
angled, 2°-l° long, branching.

5. V. Caroliniana, Walt. Smootbish ; Icaflpts 8-12, linear or lincnr-
oblong, obtuse or ban'ly acute ; stipules small, subnlnte ; peduncles many fl<iw-

LICGUMINOS.E. (pULSE FAMILY.) 99

cred ; calyx-tooth sliortcr than the tube ; flowers nearly white, the keel tipped
with blue ; lei;uinc ohlonp;, several-seeded. — Dry open woods, ehiefly in the
iil)per distriets. Ajuil and jMay. I]. — Stems 3° - 4° lonj^^ brauehing. Tlowers
4" - 6" long.

19. LATHYRUS, L.

Style flattened, bearded on tiie side facing the vexillum. Otherwise as in
Vicia

1. L. pusillus, r.ll. Annual; Icailets 2, lincar-lanocolatc, acute ; stipuhs
sagittate ; jjedunclcs elongated, 1 - 2-flowered ; teeth of the calyx subulatc-seta-
<eous, nearly etjual ; legume long, 10-15-sccdcd. — Xcar Charleston, South
Carolina, and westward. May. — A small and slender vine. Flowers purple.

2. L. venoSUS, Muhl. Perennial; stem stout; leaflets 10-14, ol)long-
ovate, obtuse; stipules lanceolate; peduncles 10-20-flowercd ; flowers large,
purple; calyx-teeth very unequal. — Shady banks, Georgia to Mississijjpi, and
northward. June and July. — Stem angled, 2° -3° long. Leaflets 2' - 3' long.
Flowers 5' long.

3. L. myrtifolius, Muhl. Perennial ; stem slender, 4-angled ; leaflets
4-6, oblong, obtuse ; stipules large, ovate, entire ; peduncles 3 - 6-flovvered ;
flowers pale purple ; calyx-teeth unequal. — Banks of rivers, North Carolina,
and northward. July and August. — Stem 2° - 4° long, of^eu wing-angled.
Leaflets H' long.

20. ^SCHYNOMENE, L.

Calyx 2-lippcd, 5-cleft or 5-tootlied. Petals equal • vexillum roundish. Sta-
mens diadelphous (5 & 5). Legume compressed, stipitatc, separating trans-
versely into 3 or more 1-seeded indehiscent joints. — Herbs or shrubs, with pin-
nate leaves, and axillary yellow flowers.

1. ^. hispida, AVilld. Annual; stem erect, muricate-hispid ; leaflets nu-
merous, obloiig-linear ; peduncles 3 - 5-flowered ; legume straight, linear, even
along the upper suture, wavy on the lower, 6 -10-jointed, the joints nearly
s(|uare, hispid. — Swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. August. —
Stem 2°- 4° higli.

2. JR. viscidula, Michx. Annual ; stem slender, prostrate, viscid-pubes-
cent; leaves small; leaflets 7-9, obovate, reticulate-veined; peduncles 3-4-
flowered, the pedicels long and spreading; stipules and bracts ovate; legume
2 -3 jointed, the joints half-orbicular, hispid. — Sandy places along the coast,
Florida and Georgia. August and Sept. — Stem l°-2° long. Leaves 1' loag.
Flowers small.

21. ZORNIA, Grael.

Calyx 2-lippcd, the upper lip emarginate, the lower 3-cleft. Corolla inserted
into the base of the calyx. Stamens monadelphous, alternately shorter : anthers
alternately oblong and globose. Legume compressed, with 2-5 roundish hispid
joints. — Herbs. Leaves palm ately 2 - 4-foliolate. Stipules sagittate. Flowers
yellow, in axillary large-bracted racemes.

100 LKGUMlNuti.E. (I'lLSlC FAMILY.)

1. Z. tctraphylla, Miclix. Perennial, smootli or (l()%\niy ; leaflets 4, lance-
olate or ohlong-obovate ; racemes 3 - 9-floweretl, much longer tlian tlie leaves;
the flowers distant and almost concealed by the large ovate bracts ; kgumc liis-
pid, 3-4-jointed. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.
June- August. — Stem 2° long, prostrate.

22. STYLOSANTHES, Swartz.

Flowers of two kinds : one kind perfect, but sterile ; the other destitute of
calyx, corolla, and stamens, and fertile. Calyx 2-bractcd, 2-lii)ppd, 5-eleft ; the
tube long and slender. Corolla inserted on the throat of the calyx. Keel en-
tire at the apex. Stamens monadelphous, with the alternate anthers linear and
ovate. Style of the fertile flower hooked. Legume veiny, 1 - 2-jointed, the lower
joint empty. — Low herbs. Leaves trifoliolate. Stipules united with the peti-
oles. Flowers in a short and dense terminal spike.

1. S. elatior, Swartz. Perennial; stem mo.stly erect, 6'- 12' high, pu-
bescent in lines, or sometimes hispid ; leaflets rigid, lanceolate, strongly veined ;
stipules sheathing ; spike few-flowered ; bracts bristly; flowers yellow. (S. his-
pida, Miclix.) — Sandy pine barrens, Florida and northward. June - August.

23. CHAPMANNIA, Ton-. & Gray.
Flowers nearly as in Stylosanthcs. Corolla inserted on tlic throat of the
calyx. Keel 2-cleft at the apex. Anthers alike, oblong. Legume hispid, 1 -3-
jointed. — A viscid and hirsute branching herb, with unequally pinnate leaves,
small and free stipules, and small yellow flowers in terminal racemes.

1. C. Floridana, Toit. & Gray. — East Florida. JIay. — Stem slender,
2° -3° high. Leaflets 3-7, oblong. Racemes often branching, few-flowered.

24. LESPEDEZA, ^Michx. Bitsii-Clovku.

Calyx 2-bractcd, ."j-cleft; tlie teeth subulate. Corolla inserted on the base of
the calyx. Stamens diudelphous (9 & 1). Anthei"s alike. Legume small, len-
ticular, indchiscent, 1-seeded. — Perennial herbs, with trifoliolate leaves, and
small flowers in axillary racemes or spikes.

* Flowers of tiro kinds, luz. perfrrt, but ntostli/ sterile, liorne in spikrs or racemes,
and fertile, hut destitute of corolla and stamens ; tlie tatter commonli) in sessile, clus-
ters : corolla jmrjile, longer than the calyx.

1. L. repens, Torr. &Gray. Stem slender, prostrate ; leaflets small, oval,
mostly cmarginatc, the petiole very short, or as long as the lateral leaflet.s ; ra-
cemes few-flowered, on filiform peduncles much longer than tin- leaves ; legume
roundish. (L. procumbens, ;1/iWir.) — Dry sandy soil, Florida to Mississippi,
and northward. August. — Plant 10-2° long, smooth or (omentosc.

2. Ii. violacoa, Pcrs. Stem erect or spreading ; leaflets varying from el-
liptical to linear, jmbcs/cnt with appressed hairs bencalli ; ftrtile tlowc-rs in
axillary clusters ; hgume ovate, smooth, or with scattered aj)pressed hairs, much
longer than the calyx.

LEGUMlNOSiE. (PULSE FAMILY.) 101

Var. divergens. ( L. divergcns, Purs^.) Stems diffuse ; leaflets oval or ob-
long ; peduncles tiliform, few-flowered, longer than the leaves, and bearing
cliiefly sterile flowers.

Var. sessiliflora. (L. sessiliflora, J//c/^x. L. violacea, ^//. ) Stem erect;
leaflets oblong ; flowers mostly fertile, in dense and nearly sessile clusters which
are much crowded near the summit of the branches.

Var. reticulata. (L. reticulata, Pers) Stem erect ; leaves linear-oblong ;
flowers clustered as in the preceding variety.

Dry barren soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. August. — Stem
2© -3© high. Leaflets pale beneath. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.

3. L. Stuvei, Xutt. Stem erect, branching, softly-pubescent ; leaflets oval
or roundish, tomentosc or silky on both surfaces, or only beneath, longer than
tlic petiole ; racemes axillary, mostly longer than the leaves ; flowers nearly
all perfect and fertile ; legume longer than the calyx, ovate, villous. — Dry
sterile soil, Mississippi to North Carolina, and northward. August. — Interme-
diate between No. 2 and Xo. 4.

* * Flowers all perf<fct and fertile : corolla as long as the cahjx, yrlloiiush-wliite, the
vexilliiiii sjiolttd icith purple : legume included in the culj.r.

4. L. hirta, EU. Stem erect, pubescent or villous ; leaflets oval or round-
i>h, longer than the petiole, pubescent beneath or on both sides ; spikes dense, on
peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyx-teeth linear-lanceolate, as long as tlie
ovate i)ul)esccnt legume. — Dry ban-en soil, Florida to Mississipjii, and north-
ward. August. — Stem 2° - 4° higli.

5. L. capitata, Michx. Stem mostly simple, softly pubescent, erect ;
leaves sliort-jictioled ; leaflets varying from oblong to linear, silky on both sides,
or only beneath ; calyx hairy, longer than the oval villous legume. (L. frutes-
cons and L. angustifolia, Ell.) — Diy or damp sterile soil, Florida to Mississippi,
and northward. August. — Stem 2'^- 4° high.

25. DE3MODIUM, DC. (Hedtsarum, L, Ell.;

Flowers all similar and perfect. Calyx bilabiate ; the upper lip emarginate
or entire, tlie lower 3-cleft. Corolla inserted on the base of the calyx. Stamens
diadclphous (9 &,1), or more or less raonadelphous. Legume flattened, 2-G-
jointed. — Chiefly perennial branching herbs. Leaves trifoliolate, pctiolcd, stip-
ulate ; the leaflets pctiolulate and stipellate. Flowers small, purple or whitish, in
terminal racemes or panicles. Legumes hispid with hooked hairs.

§ 1 . Stamens monadilphous below : legumes conspicuously stipitate, 2 - 4-jointed, the
joints hnlf-ohovate, concave on the hack.
1. D. pauciflorum, Nutt. Stem low, ascending, mostly simple, leafy ;.
leaves scattered, long-petioled ; leaflets thin, acute, ciliate, pale beneath, the lat-
eral ones ovate, the terminal one rhombic-ovate; stipules minute ; racemes ter-
minal, 4-8-flowered, mostly shorter than the leaves. — Shady woods, Florida to
Tennessee, and northw.ird. August. — Stem 1° high. Leaflets l'-2' long.
Corolla pale-purple or white.
9*

102 LEGUMINOSJE. (rULSE FAMILY.)

2. D. acuminatum, DC. Stem pubescent, leafy at the summit ; leaves
large, loiii^iHtiukd ; leatlLts smootliisli, ovate or rouiidisli, acuiuiiiatc , rai'cmc
or panicle tcriniiial, long-pcdunded, niany-tlowcrctl. — Kich shady soil, Florida
to Mississippi, and northward. July and August. — Plant '2° -3° high. Leaf-
lets thin, 2'- 4' long.

3. D. nudiflorum, DC. Stem smooth, short, leafy at the summit ; pan-
icle ascending from tiic base of the stem, naked, or with one or two leaves near
the base, much longer tlian the stem ; leaves long-petioled, smooth ; leaflets
ovate, acute or obtuse, white beiu ath ; legume long-sti))itate. — Kieh woods,
Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July and August. — Stem G'- 12' high.
Racemes simple or compound, on peduncles 2° - 3° liigli.

§ 2. Stamens diadclphoiis : Icgnmc sessile or short stipitatc.

* Stipules Jareje, ovate (except No. 8), acuminate, persistent: let/ume 3-G-jointed,

the joints convex on the vpjier suture, rounded on the lower one.

4. D. canescens, DC. Stem tall, rough-hairy, striate ; leaflets ovate,
mostly acute, very rough, especially beneath ; panicle large, very hairy ; bracts
large, ovate, acuminate; joints of the legume 3 -.5, coimected by a broad neck.
(Iledysarum scaberrlnmm. Ell.) — Dry open woods, Florida to Mississij)])!, and
northward. July and August. — Plant 3° - 5° high, nmch branched, pale green.
Leaflets l^-'-3' long. Fiowers large.

5. D. m.olle, DC? Stem tall, much branched, softly pubescent; leaflets
rhombic or elliptical, obtuse and often cmarginate, tomentose beneath, rough
above; racemes panicled, slender ; flowers 2-3 together, on slender pedicels;
legume nearly sessile, black ; the small joints oval or rhombic, cijually con-
vex on both sutures. — "Waste places. Middle Florida. Se])t. — Stem 3° -5°
high. Leaflets 3' - 4' long. Legume I' long, pendulous. Flowers small.

6. D. CUSpidatum, Ton-. & Gray. Stem smooth, erect ; leaves smooth,
ovate or lanceolate-ovate, acuminate ; panicle mostly simple, elongated ; flowers
and bracts large ; legume 4 - 6-jointcd, the joints rliombic-oblong, connected by a
broad neck. (H. bractcosum, Michx.) — Dry open woods, Florida to Mississippi,
and northward. July and August. — Stem 3° -5° high. Leaflets 3'- 5' long.
Legume li'-2' long.

7. D. viridiflorum, Beck. Stem stout, tomento.sc, rough above; loaves
large ; leaflets ovate or roundish, obtuse, very rougli above, pale and velvety
beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate, rather small ; panicle large, leafless ; legume
.3 _ 4-jointcd, on a stijie twice as long as the calyx, the joints half orbi^nilar, con-
nected by a narrow neck. — liich open woods, Florida to Mississijipi, and north-
ward. August.— Stem 3° - 4° high. Leaflets 2' -4' long. Corolla turning
greenish.

, 8. D. Floridanum, n. fip. Stem short, rigid, very rough ; lower leaves 1-
foliolatc ; leaflets lanceolate-ovate, acute or obtuse, very rough above, pubescent
and strongly reticulate beneath ; stipules lance-subulate ; ]mnicle elougaled, spar-
ingly branched, leafless; legume 2- 4-jointed, the stii)e shorter than the calyx;
joints obliquely obovatc. — Dry sandy soil, Aiialachicola, Florida. July ami
August. — Proper stem 1° high, the panicle 2°-3°. Leaflets i>' -.1' long, tlio
stipules and siipcls rigid. Bracts and flowers small.

LKGU-MIXOS-i:. (I'ULSi: FAMILY.) 103

9. D. rotundifolium, DC. Stem Ion;;, trailing, hairy ; leaflets orbicu-
lar, pubescent ; stipules ovate, large, rcflexed ; racemes simple, the terminal
ones pan iclcd ; lobes of the calyx longer than the tube; legume 2 - 4-jointc(l,
very adhesive, the large joints half-rhombic. — Dry open woods, Florida to Mis-
sissippi, and northward. August. — Stem 3° -5° long. Flowers showy, occa-
sionally yellowish-white.

* * Stipules subulate, deciduous : legume 3 - 5-jointed, nearly straight on the uj>]Kr

suture, the joints triangular, rarehj rounded on the lower suture.

10. D. Canadense, DC. Stem erect, hairy; leaves short-petiolcd ; leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate, more or less hairy ; panicle leafy ; flowers and bracts
large ; legume with 3-4 rather large obtusely 3-angled joints. — Dry woods,
North Carolina, and northward. August. — Stem 2° -3° high, furrowed. Up-
per leaves subscssile.

11. D. Dillonii, Darl. Stem erect, furrowed, hairy; leaflets oblong or
ovate-oblong, obtuse, smoothish above, paler and pubescent beneath ; panicle
large, leafless, rough; joints of the legume 3-4, triangular. (II. Marilandi-
cuni, i?//.) — Open woods, Florida and northward. August. — Stem 2° -3°
high. Leaflets 1'- 2' long. Bracts and flowers small.

12. D. glabellum, DC. Stem erect, nearly glabrous; leaflets small,
ovate, obtuse, scabrous-pubescent on both sides ; joints of the legume about 4,
triangular, minutely hispid. — In shady places, North and South Carolina. —
Resembles D. Marilandicum in foliage and D. paniculatum in fruit.

13. D. Isevigatum, DC. Stem smooth, terete ; leaflets thick, ov.itc, ob-
tuse, smooth, or slightly pubescent and jjaler beneath ; panicle leafless, rough ;
joints of the legume 3-4, triangular. (H. rhombifolium. Ell.) — Dry rich
soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. August. — Stem 2° -4° high.
Leaflets I '-2' long, the lateral ones occasionally wanting.

14. D. paniculatum, DC. Stem slender, mostly smooth, with long and
virgate branches ; leaflets varying from oblong to linear-lanceolate, obtuse,
smooth or slightly pubescent ; legume 3 - 5-jointed, the joints triangular. —
Shady woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. August. — Stem 2° - 4°
high. Leaflets rather rigid.

* * * Stipules subulate, deciduous: legume 2-3-joinlcd; the joints small, oval, or

obliepuilg-obovate : flowers small.
\^. D. tenuifolium, Ton-. & Gray. Stem slender, erect, rough-pul)cs-
ccnt above ; leaflets linear, reticulated, obtuse, smooth above, keeled, much longer
than the short petiole ; panicle leafless, very rough ; flowers small ; legume ses-
sile, mostly 2-jointed. — Dry pine bairens, Florida to North Carolina. July and
August. — Stem 2° - 3° high. Leaflets 2' - 3' long.

16. D. Strictum, DC. Stem erect, mostly simple, straight and slender,
smooth or roughish ; leaves on slender petioles ; leaflets narrowly linear, rather
obtuse, coriaceous, reticulated, nearly smooth ; panicle virgate, few-flowered ; the
pedicels very slender ; legume stipitate, 1 -3-jointed. — Pine barrens, Florida to
Mississippi, and northward. July- Sept. — Stem 2° -4° high. Leaflets lJ'-3'
long.

lOt LEGUMINOSvE. (rULSE FAMILY.)

1". D. Marilandicum, Boott. Stem erect, smootli, mostly simple :
leaBcts small, ovate or rouiKlish, obtuse, smooth, pale bcneatli, commonly slioit-
er than the petiole; panicle rough; legume mostly 2-jointed. — (II. obtusum,
Ell.) — Dry open woods, Florida and nortliward. August. — Stem 2° - 3° liigh.
leaflets rarely more tlian 1' long, sometimes oblong.

IS. D. Ciliare, DC Very much like No. 17, but the stem and leaves
rough-hairy, and the (sometimes acute) leallets longer than the short petiole. —
"With the preceding.

1'.). D. I'igidum, DC. Stem erect, branched, rough-pubescent; leaflets
(pale) oval or oblong, obtuse, rough above, hairy beneatli, strongly reticulated
on both siilcs ; panicle ample, leafy below; legume mostly 3-jointed. — Dry
woods, Florida to North Carolina, and northward. August. — Stems -20-3°
high. Leaflets 1' -3' long. Joints of tlie legume largest of this section.

20. D. lineatum, DC. Stem i)rostrate, slender, smooth ; leaflets oval or
roundisli, smooth ; racemes elongated, axillary and terminal, simple or panicu-
late, rough ; legume 2 -3-jointed. — Open grassy pine barrens, Florida to North
Carolina, and westward. August. — Stem 1°- :i° long. Leaflets seldom more
'than 1' long. Haccmes l°-2<' long.

26. BHYNCHOSIA, DC.

Calyx 2-lipped, with the upper lip 2-cleft and the lower 3-pnrted, or nearly
equally 4-parted. Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Style smooth, subulate. Leg-
ume oblong or scymitar-shaped, mostly 1 -2-seedcd. Seeds carunculate. — Erect
or twining herbs or shrul)S, with 1 or 3-foliolate, mostly softly-pubeseeut aud itsi-
nous-dottcd leaves, and axillary yellow flowers.

* Sic'iiis licinhiij, or low ami eirit : flowers in axiUaiij racemes.

■*- Calijx someirlidt 2-lipp('d, 4-c.lpJi ; the teeth subulate, shorter than the corolla, the

lowest one longest : stems twinivc].

1. H. minima, DC. Tomentosc ; leaflets small, roundish or broadly
rhombic, barely acute, dotted beneath ; stijmles subulate ; racemes (iliform, much
longer than the leaves, loosely 6 - 1 2-flowercd ; flowers minute, reflexed ; legume
scymitar-shaped. (Glycine reflexa. Ell.) — Damp soil along the coast, Key
West to South Carolina, and westward. July. — Leaflets ^'-1' long.

2. R, parvifolia, DC. Velvety throughout ; leaflets ovate, oblong, or
obovatc-oblong, olitusc, or the upper ones acute, hoary and strongly reticulate
l>cncath, longer tliau the petiole ; stipules small, lanceolate ; racemes equalling
or longer than the leaves, slender, loosely 3 - 5-flowcred ; lowest tooth of the
calyx nearly twice the length of the others ; legume oblong, obtie^e, clothed with
soft down and long<r hairs intermixed, 2-3-scedcd. — Soulli Florida. — Stem
\°-2° long. Leaflets 1' long.

3. R. Cariboea, DC. Velvety throughout ; stem prostrate or twining ;
leaflets thin, ovate, acute or slightly acuminate ; stipules ovate ; racemes slender,
(•horier than the leaves, loosely 3 - snowercd ; teeth of the calyx short, nearly

LEGU>ITNOS^>. (I'ULSE FAMILY.) 105

equal; Icpume scjinitar-shapcd, acute. — South Florida. — Stem 2° -3° long.
Leaflets U'- 2' long. Racemes 1'- 2' long. Flowers small. Legume 1'- 1^'
long, tapering at the base.

■*- ■*- Calyx 4-parted, nearly as long as the corolla, the lobes linear or lanceolate,
nearly equal : stems twiiiiiiy or erect.

4. R. menispermoidea, DC. Stems several from one root, prostrate
or twilling, downy ; stipules ovate-lanceolate ; leaflets solitary, reniform, tomcn-
tose ; peduncles rarely as long as the petiole, with few crowded flowers at the
summit ; calyx deeply parted, the lanceolate acute or acuminate lobes nearly
equal ; legume oblong, acute, tomentose, 2-sceded. — Charlotte Harbor, South
Florida, BloJjett. — Stems 2° -3° long. Leaflets l'-2' in diameter.

5. R. tomentosa, Torr. & Gray. Leaflets 1 or 3, roundish or ovate ; ra-
cemes dense-flowered ; legume oblong.

Var. monophylla, Torr. & Gray. Pubescent ; stem low (3'-G'), erect;
leaflets mostly solitary, reniform or orbicular ; racemes very short, the upper-
most clustered. (Glycine simplicifolia. Ell.)

Var. erecta, Ton-. & Gray. Velvety ;, stem erect (l°-U-°); leaflets 3,
oblong or roundish, sometimes acute ; racemes many-flowered, the terminal one
often elongated. (G. erecta and G. mollissima, Ell.)

Var. volubilis, ToiT. &■ Gray. Ilaiiy ; stem twining, angled ; lowest leaves
simple, the upper ones trifoliolate ; leaflets 3, roundish or ovate, often angular
on the margins ; racemes very short, few-flowered. (G. tomentosa. Ell.)

Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina, and west to Mississippi. June -
August.

* * Stem tall, erect, with long virgate branches : flowers solitary or by pairs, in the
axils of the tipper leaves : calyx deeply 4-clefl, shorter than the corolla.

6. R. galactoides. Stem bushy, purplish, closely pubescent ; leaves
very small, almost sessile; leaflets 3, oval or obovate, rigid, reticulate, pubes-
cent ; flowers mostly longer than the leaves, j-ellow, the vexillum reddish exter-
nally; legume oblong, 2-secded. (Pitcheria galactoides, NiUt.) — Dry sand
ridges, Florida and Alabama. June. — Stem 2° - 4^ high. Leaflets 3" -9"
long. Legume %' long.

27. APIOS, Boerh.

Calyx somewhat 2-lipped ; the lateral teeth nearly obsolete, the lowest one
longest. Vexillum very broad, reflexed ; the keel at length twisted. Stamens
diadelphous (9 & 1). Legume nearly terete, many-seeded. — A smooth peren-
nial twining herb, with unequally pinnate leaves, and brownish-purple flowers in
dense axillary racemes.

1. A. tuberosa, Mcench. — Swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and north-
ward. July and August. — Root bearing small edible tubers. Stem twining
high. Leaflets 5-7, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Racemes often by pairs, shorter
than the leaves. Seeds black, separated by loose cellular tissue.

106 LEGUMlNOSiE. (pULSE FAMILY.)

28. PHASEOLUS, L. Kidney-Bean.

Calyx 5-toothed, the two u])pcr teeth more or less united. Keel of the corolla
spirally coiled or twisted. Stamens diadclphous. Legume linear or falcate,
few - many-seeded. — Twining or prostrate herbs, with trifoiiolatc stipellate
leaves. Flowers commonly large, racemed, or clustered at the summit of the
axillary peduncles.

* Flfwers scattered in lonrj racemes : legumes so/milar-sftajyed.

1. P. perennis, Walt. Stem dimhinfr, pubescent; leaflets ovate, acute,
entire, membranaceous ; racemes often branching, twice as long as the leaves. —
Low woods and margins of fields, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July
and August. Ij. — Leaflets 2' -4' long. Flowers purple.

2. P. sinuatus, Nutt. Stem prostrate, smoothish ; leaflets small (1' long),
roundish or 3-lobc(l, strongly reticulate, rather rigid ; racemes 6-8 times as long
as the leaves, solitan,-, simple. — Dvy sand ridges in the pine barrens. Florida.
July and August, y. — Stem 8°- 12° long. Flowers pale purple.

* * Flowers clustered at the summit of the peduncles : legume linear, ntarly terete :
seed scurfij. (SxRorHOSTYLES, Ell.)

3. P. diversifolius, Pcrs. Annual ; stems prostiate or trailing, rough-
liairy ; leaflets ovate, entire or 2 - 3-lobcd ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves.
— Sandy soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. June -September. —
Stems 2° - 4° long. Corolla jjuqilc, withering greenish.

4. P. hclvolus, L. Perennial, smooth or hairy ; stems prostrate, leaflets
varying from ovate to oblong-linear, rarely 3-lobed ; peduncles 3-6 times as
long as the leaves. — "Woods and margins of ficld.s, Florida to Mississippi, and
northward. June- September. — Corolla pale purple,

29. VIGNA, Savi.

Calyx 4-toothcd, the upper tooth broader, entire or 2-cleft. Vcxillum depressed-
orbicular, with thickened knobs near the base. Keel not twisted. Stamens in-
cluded in the keel, diadclphous, and with the style licnt upward. Style hairy
above, appendaged below the stigma. Legume nearly terete, somewhat torulosc,
the seeds separated by cellular tissue. — Twining herbs, with trifoliolate leaves,
and racemose axillary flowers.

1. V. glabra, Savi. Annual, hirsute; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate ;
racemes on stout peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers yellow, crowded ;
legume hirsute. (Dolichos luteolus, Jacq.) — Brackish marshes, Florida to
South Carolina, and west to Mississippi. July -September.

30. ERYTHRINA, L.

Calyx tubulnr-campanulafc, tnincatc, toothless. Vexillum narrow, straight,
elongated. Keel and wings very small. Stamens and stylo partly cxscned.
Legume sfipitntc, torulosc, partly dehiscent. — Trees, shrubs, or rnrely herbs,
often anncd witli pri<klcs. Leaves trifoliolate, the terminal leaflet long-petiolu-
late. Flowers nhuwy, scarlet, in long racemes.

LEGUMINOS^. (pulse FAMILY.) 107

1. E. herbacea, L. Stems herbaceous, several from a vciy tliick root,
prieklv. the flowuriiig ones mostly leafless ; leaves long-jxjtioled ; lealicts ovate
or somewhat hastate; vexillum lanceolate, folded ; seeds scarlet. — Lif;ht sandy-
soil, Florida to North Carolina, and west to Mississippi. April and May. —
Stems 2° -4° high. Racemes 10-2° long. Flowers 2' long. Legume open-
ing by one suture opposite the seeds.

'31. CLITORIA, L.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Vexillum very large, spurless on tlie back, obovatc,
emarginatc. Keel shorter than the wings. Stamens monadeljjlious below.
Style cun-ed, hairy. Legume stipitate, linear-oblong, torulose, veinless. — Peren-
nial herbs, with trifoliolate leaves, and very large purple flowers on axillary
peduncles. Bracts opposite.

1. C. Mariana, L. Smooth; stem erect or twining ; leaflets ovate-oblong,
pale beneatli ; j)edunclcs shorter than the leaves, 1-3-flowered ; legume 3-4-
secded. — Diy soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July and August. —
Stem l°-3° long. Flowers 2' long, pale puqjle. Bracts shorter than the calj-x.
Legume H'-2' long.

32. CENTROSEMA, DC.

Calyx short, 5-clcft, the 2 upper lobes more or less united. Vexillum very
large, spun'cd on the back, orbicular, cmarginate. Keel nearly as long as the
wings. Stamens monadelphous below. Style smooth. Legume nearly sessile,
linear, compressed, the sutures thickened, the valves lined with an intra-margi-
nal vein. — Twining herbs, with trifoliolate leaves, and vciy large purple flowers
on short axillary peduncles. Bracts opposite.

I. C. Virginiana, Benth. Rough with a short hooked pubescence ; stem
very slender, much branched ; leaflets objong or linear-oblong, strongly reticu-
late ; peduncles single or by pairs, 1 - 4-flowercd ; calyx-teetli subulate, barely
exceeding the ovate bracts; vexillum adhesive ; legume slender, elongated,
curved, many-seeded. (Clitoria Virginiana, Willd.) — Dri' soil, Florida to
Mississippi, and northward. June - September. — Flowers 1^' long. Legume
4' - 6' long.

33. AMPHICARP^A, Ell.

Flowers of 2 kinds ; those on the upper racemes perfect, but mostly abortive,
tho.se near the base of the stem or on the prostrate branches apetalous, but
fruitful. Calyx tubular, 4 - 5-toothed. Vexillum obovate and partly enclosing
the wings and keel. Stamens diadelphous, or in the fertile flowers distinct or
wanting. Fertile legume obovate, fleshy, 1 - 2-seedcd. — Twining annual or
perennial herl)s, with trifoliolate leaves. Flowers white or purplish, in simple
or compound axillary racemes.

1. A. monoica, Nutt. Hairy; stems much branched; leaflets rhombic-
ovate ; sterile racemes single or by pairs, often compound, nodding ; bracts stri-

108 LEGDMINOS^E. (pULSE FAMILY.)

ate ; calyx -teeth short, triangular ; fertile legumes hairy. (A. monoica and A.
sarmcntosa, A7/.) — Kich soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. August
and Sej)t.

34. GALACTIA, P. Browne.

Calyx 4-toothed, the upper one broadest. Vexillum oblong or obovate, rc-
flexed in flower. Stamens diadelphous. Legume, more or less lunijjrehsed,
2-valvcd, lew - many-seeded. — Prostrate or twining, rarely crcet, perennial herbs,
with chiefly trifoliolate leaves, and mostly small purplish or white flowers in ax-
illary racemes. Bracts alternate and deciduous. Leaflets stipellatc.

* Leaves trifoliolate, ivith (he leaflets stalked: steins twitiiiu; or prostrate.

1. G. spiciformis, Torr. &. Gray. Stem twining, minutely pubescent;
leaflets (1' long) thick and rigid, oblong-oval, obtuse or emarginate at both ends,
smooth above, pubescent beneath ; racemes spike-like, mostly longer than the
leaves, the nearly sessile, mostly solitary flowers scattered on the coininon pedun-
cle nearly to its base; corolla 2-3 times the length of the acuminate hairy calyx-
lobes ; legume coriaceous, compressed, falcate, thickened at tiie sutures, sprinkled
wth short appresscd hairs, 6 - 10-seeded. — Varies with a stouter more pubescent
and almost villous stem, larger (1^' - 2'), thinner, and mostly acute leaflets, longer
and stouter many-flowered racemes, and nearly straight legumes. (G brevistyla,
Scklect.) — South Florida. Aug. and Sept.

2. G. pilosa, Ell. Stem twining, pubescent or smoothish, much branched ;
leaflets thin, varying from oval to linear-oblong, obtuse, rounded or emarginate
at both ends, puliescent and paler beneath, often smooth above ; racemes slender,
commonly longer than the leaves, sometimes 4-6 times as long ; flowers single
or 2 - 3 together, scattered on the common peduncle, distinctly pcdicelled, acu-
minate in the bud ; calyx sparse-hairy or smoothish, tiie acuminate lobes much
shorter than the purple corolla; legume nearly straight, somewhat com])resscd,
covered with short appresscd hairs, 10-seeded. (G- mollis, iVw//. G Macreei.
M. A. Curtis.) — Dry soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. Jii'y and
August. — Stem often elongated. Leaflets i'-l'long. Kaeemcs occa.Nionally
2-3 together.

3. G. mollis, Michx. Villous and somewhat hoary ; stems mostly pros-
trate and simple ; leaflets oval or oblong, obtuse or emarginate at l)()th ends, or
the upper ones acute; racemes single, about twice the lengtli of the leaves, the
short-pcdiccllcd flowers approximate near the summit of the stout peduncle,
acute in the bud ; calyx, like the straight 10-seeded compressed legume, very vil-
lous and hoary. (G. pilosa. Null.) — Dry sandy pine barrens, FUjridii to North
Carolina, and westward. July and August. — Stem 2° -3° long. Leaflets 1'
long. Corolla reddish purple, one third longer than the acute calyx-lobes.

4. G. Floridana, Torr. & Gray. lloary-pubescent ; steins prostrate ;
leaflets oval or oblong, rarely acute, reticulate; racemes sini|»le or l)ranclicd.
often by j)airs, maiiyflowcrcd, rarely longer than the leaves ; liowci's large, aji-
j)roximiit<', legume flat, 10-see(le<l. — Var. mi' roiihylla ■ every way smaller, the
leaflets (^'- J' long) acute or cmiirginate, the Uw flowers almost sessile in axil-

LEGUMINOSiE. (I'Ur.Si: I'-.VMILY.) 109

lary clusters. — Dry sandy pine barrens, near the west coast of Florida. Junc-
Aii^'ust. — Stem 2° - 4° long. Leaflets 1' - 2' long. Flowers largest of all.

.'i G. glabella, Mich.x. Stem prostrate, minutely pubescent ; leaflets
ratber rigid, on siiort petioles, oblong, rarely acute, smooth and shining above,
slightly hairy beneath ; racemes seldom as long as the leaves, 3 - 6-flowered ;
style elongatetl ; legume sliglitly falcate, at length smoothish, 4 - 6-sccded. —
Dry pine barrens, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July and August.^
Stems 2° -3° long. Leaflets 1' long. Flowers large, reddish-purple.

* * LeavfS trlfoholute, icith nearlj sessile leuflHs: stems erect.

6. G. brachypoda, Torr. & Gray. Stems slender, branching, and, as well
as tiie leaves and ])edunclcs, smoothish ; leaves long petioled ; leaflets obloni:,
obtuse ; flowers few, somewhat clustered at the summit of the slender peduncle ;
calyx woolly- — Dry sandy ridges in the pine barrens of Middle Florida. July
and August. — Stems 1°- 1^° high. Leaflets shorter than the petiole. Flowers
small, pur|)le.

7. G. sessiliflora, Torr. & Gray. Stem short, smooth, simple; leaflets
oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, smooth on both sides ; flowers crowded in nearly
sessile axillary clusters ; calyx hairy. — Dry pine barrens, Florida to North
Carolina. June -August. — Stem 6'- 12' high. Flowers white. Legume ob-
long-linear, tomentose, 6 - 8-sceded.

* * * Leaves pinnate : stems twining.

8. G. Elliottii, Xutt. Leaflets 7-9, clliptical-oblong, emarginate, nearly
smooth and shining above, pubescent bencatli ; racemes longer than tlie leaves,
few-flowered near the summit of the peduncle ; corolla white tinged with red ;
legume compressed, villous, falcate, 3- 5-seeded. — Dry .soil, Florida to South
Carolina, near the coast. May and June. — I'iar.t ; ometime ■• si!I;y tliroii-hout.

35. CAITAVALIA, DC.

Calyx tubular, 2-lippcd ; the upper lip larger, with 2 rounded lobes, the lower
entire or 2-ckft. Vexillum large, orbicular, witli 2 ridges within ; keel incurved.
Stamens monadelphous. Legume ol)long-linear, compressed ; the valves with a
longitudinal ridge near the thickened up])cr suture. Seeds separated by inter-
posed cellular tissue : bilum linear. — Prostrate or twining herbs, with trifoliulatc
leaves, and j^howy flowers in axillary racemes.

1. C. Obtusifolia, DC. Smoothish; stem long, prostrate ; leaflets thick,
oval or orbicul.ir, pointless ; racemes stout, longer than the leaves, 6 ~ 8-flowerc<l ;
flowers rose-color; legume 6-seeded. (C. rosea and C. miniata, Z>C.) — Sandy
shores of St. Vincent's Island, Florida, and soutlnvard. July-S"pt. — Stem
10° -15° long. Leaflets 3' long. Legume 4' -5' long, 1' wide. Seeds l)rowii.

36. DOLICHOS, L.

Calyx campanulatc, somewhat 2-lipped, tlie upper lip of two more or less
united teeth, the lower 3-cleft. Vexillum callous near the base. Keel more or
less falcate. Stamens diadelphous, the free stamen spurred at the base. Style
10

110 LKGLMlNUs^E. (I'ULiili FAMILY.)

bearded. Lefrnmc flattened. Seeds compressed, with a small and oval hilum.
— Twinirif; lierlis, witli tril'oliolatc leaves, and axillary racemose flowers.

1. D. multiflorus, Torr. & Gray. Perennial, pubescent; leaflets thin,
large, orbicular, abruptly acute ; racemes shorter than the leaves, many and
densely flowered at the summit of the stout peduncle ; u))pcr li]) of the calyx
entire; keel nearly straight ; legume 4-5-seeded. — Banks of rivers, near Mil-
Icdgeville, Georgia, and westward. June and July. — Stem 5° -10° long.
Leaflets 3' - G' in diameter. Flowers purple. Legume 2' long, ^' wide.

37. PISCIDIA, L. J.vM.\iCA Dogwood.

Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Keel obtuse. Vexillum rounded. Stamens
diadelphous at the base, monadclphous above. Style filiform, smooth. Legume
stipitate, linear, contracted between the seeds, furnished with four membranaceous
longitudinal wings. Seeds compressed. — Tropical trees. Leaves unequally-
pinnate. Flowers in terminal panicles.

1. P. Erythrina, L. Young branches, leaves, and panicle silky and
hoary, at length smoothish ; leaflets 7-9, oblong or obovate, abruptly acute,
straight-veined, distinctly petiolulatc ; panicles axillary and terminal, many-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; upper teeth of the calyx partly united ; leg-
ume 6-seeded. — South Florida. March and April. — A small tree. Leaves
deciduou.s. Corolla white, lined with red veins. Legume 2' long, the broad
wings wavy.

38. BAPTISIA, Vent.

Calyx campanulate, 4-clcft ; the upper lobe broader and mostly cmarginate.
Vexillum roundish, with the sides reflexed ; wings and keel straight. Stamens
10, distinct, shorter than the wings, deciduous. Legume stipitate, oval or ob-
long, inflated, few-seeded, pointed with the persistent style — Erect widely-
bran<-hiiig perennial herbs. Leaves simple or palmatcly trifoliolate, withering-
persistent. Sti])ulcs deciduous or persistent, rarely wanting. Flowers showy
in terminal racemes, rarely axillary and solitary.

* Leaves simple, sessile, or pcrfoliale.
i. B. simplicifolia, Croom. Smooth ; leaves large, sessile, broadly ovato,
obtuse; sliinilcs nunc; racemes numerous, terminal, many-flowered, sessile or
short-pcdunclcd ; ovary villous and hoary ; legume small, ovate, coriaceous,
smooth. — Dry ])ine baiTcns near Quincy, Middle Florida. July. — Stem much
branched, 2° -3° high. Leaves 2' -4' long. Flowers rather .small, yellow.
Plant dries black.

2. B. perfoliata, Brown. Smooth ; leaves perfoliate, oval or orbicu-
lar, glaucous ; sti|)ulcs none ; flower axillary, solitary ; legume small, ovate,
coriaceous. — Dry sandy soil, in the middle districts of Georgia and South Car-
olina. May. — Stem 2° high. Leaves 2'-3Mong. Flowers small, ydlow ;
vexillum orbicular, cmarginate, shorter than the wings and keel. Ovary and
style snioolli.

LEGUMINOS.'K. (PULSK FAMILY.) Ill

3. B. microphylla, Nutt. Leaves sessile, roundish, cuneate at the base,
the upper ones somewhat dasping; stipules leafy, rounded, the upper ones
united with tiie leaves ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; legume
roundish. Nutt. — Alabama and West Florida. — Leaves less than an inch long.
Flowers unknown.

* * Leaves trifoliolale, petioled.
•<- Flowers yellow.

4. B. lanceolata, Fll. Pubescent when young, at length smoothisli ;
leaves on very short j)etiolcs, the upper ones nearly sessile ; leaflets varying from
lanceolate to obovate, thick, obtuse, taj)ering at the base ; stipules and bracts
small and caducous ; flowers large, solitary in the axils, and in short terminal
racemes, short-pedicclled ; ovary villous ; legume ovate or globose, coriaceous,
slender-pointed. — Dry pine barrens, Florida to Koith Carolina, and westward.
April and May. — Stem 2° high. Leaflets 1'- 2' long. Tlant turns black in
drying.

5. B. villOSa, FIl. Pubescent ; leaves short-pctiolcd ; leaflets oblong and
obovate, tapering at the base, becoming smooth above ; lower stij)ulcs and lance-
olate bracts persistent ; racemes many-flowered, declining ; ovary villous ; leg-
ume smoothish, coriaceous, oblong, strongly beaked. — Dry sandy soil, North
Carolina. May. — Stem stout, 2° high. Leaves and flowers larger than ia
No. 4, the latter on slender jicdicels. Plant turns black in diying.

6. B. megaearpa, Chapm. Stem smooth, with slender widely spreading
branches ; leaves on slender ])ctiolcs ; leaflets thin, elliptical or obovate, minutely
pubescent and glaucous beneath; stij)ules and bracts caducous ; racemes numer-
ous, temiinal and o])posite the leaves, few-flowered ; flowers large, pale yellow,
on slender drooping ])edicels ; ovary smooth ; legume large, thin, ovoid, slender-
pointed. — Light rich soil, Gadsden County, Middle Florida, and along the Flint
River, near Albany, Georgia. May.— Stem 2° -3° high. Leaflets U'-2'
long. Legume 1'- Ij' long. Plant unchanged in drying.

7. B. tinctoria, R.Brown. Smooth; branches slender, elongated ; leaves
small, on sliort petioles, the upper ones nearly sessile ; leaflets w-edge-obovate ;
stipules and bracts minute, caducous ; racemes numerous, short, few-flowered ;
flowers small, on short and braetless pedicels ; ovary smooth ; legume small,
roundish, slender-])ointed. — Dry sandy soil, Georgia to Tennessee, and north-
ward. May and June. — Stem 2° high. Leaflets I'-l' long. Plant usually
becomes blackish in diying.

8. B. Stipulacea, Ravenel. Smooth ; branches spreading ; leaves small,
short-petiok'il, 2 -3-foIio!ate, the upjjcr ones mostly simple and partly clasping ;
leaflets round-obovate, cuneate at the base ; stipules and bract.s large, round-
cordate, persistent ; flowers numerous, small, axillary, the upper ones racemose ;
pedicels short and braetless ; ovary smooth, or slightly pubescent on the edges ;
legume small, ovoid, slender-pointed. — Sand-hills, near Aiken, South Carolina,
Ravenel. June and July. — Stem 2° -.3° high. Leaflets |'-:]' long. Plant
nearly unchanged in drying. Apparently allied to No. 3.

9. B. Lecontei, Tnrr. & Gray. Pubescent ; stem diffusely branched ;
leaves small, shoit-i)etioled ; leaflets cuneate-obovate ; stipules subulate and ca-

112 LEC.UMINOSiE. (I'ULSE FAMILY.)

ducous, or the lower ones larger and persistent; racemes numerous, short, few-
flowered, somewhat leafy at the base ; bracts ovatc-lancuolatc, pci-sistent ;
flowei-s small, on long 2 -hnictcd pedicels ; ovar}' villous ; legume t^mall, ovoid,
slender-pointed. — Dry sandy soil, Florida and the southern parts of Georgia.
May and June. — Stem 2° higli. Leaflets 1' long. I'lant unchanged in
drying.

10. B. Serenas, M. A. Curtis. Very smooth, branching; leaves pet iolcd ;
leaflets oblong-oliovate, cuneatc ; flowers in a long loose central raceme, and in
short racemes terminating the branches ; ])ediccls longer than the caly.x in fiuil ;
segments of the calyx villous on the in.sidc ; legume oblong, inflated, the stipe
longer than the calyx. — Society Hill, South Carolina, Curtis. May and June.
— Stem diffu.sely liranched, l°-2° higli. Leaflets 1' long. Legume 8" long.
Allied to No. 7 and No. 1 1 . Plant unchanged in drying.

-t- -t- Flowers tchite.

11. B. alba, R. Brown. Smooth and glaucous ; brandies slender, flexu-
ous, horizontal ; leaves all distinctly petioled ; leaflets thin, ( uneate-lanccolate or
oblong, obtuse ; stipules and bractj minute, caducous ; raceme usually solitary,
central, very long, those on the branches fcw-flowercd ; legume cylindrical. —
Damp soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. A[)ril. — Stem 2° -3°
high, often purple. Leaflets I'loug. llaeemes l°-3°long. Corolla ^' long.
Plant unchanged in drying.

12. B. Icucantha, Ton*. Si. Gray. Smootli and glaucous ; branches
spreading, leaves siiortjjetiolcd ; leaflets oblong and obo^ ate, obtuse ; stipules
lanceolate, as long as the petioles, deciduous ; racemes central, and terminating
the branches, long, many-flowered ; ovary smooth ; legume large, ol)iong, much
inflated, long-stipitatc. — Kiver-banks, Florida to South Carolina, and westward.
March and April. — A stouter plant than the preceding, with larger leaves and
flowers, changing blackish in drying. Legumes 1 i' long.

13. B. leucophssa, Nntt. Hairy or smoothish ; stem stout, angled ;
leaves short-pet iolcd ; leaflets varying from oblanccolate to obovate, rigid, re-
ticulate, soon smooth above , stipules and bracts leafy, ovate-lanceolate, per-
sistent; racemes stout, declined, 1 -sided ; flowers large, yellowish-white, on long
and slender erect pedicels; ovary villous, legume ovoid, long ]iointed. (B.
bracteata, Mnhl.) — Dry rich oak woods, Wrightsl)oro, Georgia, and westward.
April. — Stem low, witli widely spreading branches. IJacemcs 4' -12' long.
Flowers 1' long, the vexillum spotted with brown. Tlaut turus black m drying.

*- -I- -t- Flowira Hue.

14. B. australis, H Brown Smooth ; leaves all sliortpctioled ; leaflets
cuneate-obovate ; stipules leafy, lanceolate, twice as long as the j)etioles ; ra-
cemes large, erect, many-flowered; flowers (indigo blue) very large; bracts
deciduous; legume oblong. (B. cjcrulea, Null) — Banks of rivers, Georgia
(Pi/r.'i/i), and westward. June and July. — Stem 2°-30high. Flowers 1' or
more long. Ix-gume 2' long. I'lant unchanged in drying.

LKGU.MINOS-'K. (I'LI-SE I'AMILY.) 113

39. THERMOPSIS, R. Brown.
Stamens mostly pci-sisitcnt Lo;,'iime linear or oblong-linear, nearly sessile,
flattened, many-seeded. Stipules leafy, persistent. Otlierwise cliiilly as in
Baptisia Flowers yellow.

1. T. Caroliniana, M A Curtis. Stem stout, simple, smootli ; loaves
long-pctioled ; leaHcts membranaceous, obovate-oblong, silky beneaili ; stipules
very lar;ie, ovate or oliloiif^, clasping; racemes elongated, villous, erect, rigid, niany-
Howered ; flowers on short jtedicels ; bracts ovate, deciduous ; legumes ol)long-
linear, erect, straight, villou-* and hoary, 10- 12-seedcd. — Mountainsof North Car
olina. May -July. — Stem 3° -5° high. Raceme C- 12' long. Legume 2' long.

2. T. fraxinifolia, M A Curtis. Stem branching, slender, snioothish ;
leaves long-petioled ; leaflets oblong, narrowed at the base, often acute, smooth
above, glaucous and slightly pubescent beneath ; stipules lanceolate, much shorter
than the petioles , racemes erect, glabrous ; flowers on slender spreading pedi-
cels ; bracts small, lanceolate, persistent ; legume linear, falcate, pubescent,
spreading, short-stipitate, 10-seedcd. — Mountains of North Carolina. — Stem
2° high. Legume 3' long.

3. T. mollis, M. A.Curtis. Pubescent; stem diffusely branched ; leaflets
obovate-oblong ; stipules leafy, oblong-ovate, as long as the petioles ; racemes
declined ; pedicels shorter than the calyx and lanceolate bracts ; legume linear,
flat, short-stipitate. (Baptisia mollis, ilfichx.) — Rocky woods in the middle
districts of North Carolina. April and May. — Stem 2° high. Legume 2' -3'
long, many-seeded.

40. CLADRASTIS, Raf. Yellow-Wood.

Calyx 5-tootlicd ; the nearly equal teeth short and obtuse. Vexillum large,
rotrtidish, reflexed, scarcely longer than the oblong wings and separate keel-
petals. Stamens 10, distinct ; filaments slender, incurved above. Legume short-
stipitate, linear, flat, thin, marginless, 4-6-seeded, at length 2-valved. — A small
tree, with yellow wood, pinnate leaves, and large white flowers in terminal droop-
ing panicled racemes.

1. C. tinctoria, Raf. (Virgilia lutea, J//c//x.) — Hill-sides, in rich soil,
Tennessee and Kentucky May — Leaflets 7-11, oval or ovate, acute, smooth,
parallel-veined, 3' - 4' long ; the common petiole tumid at the base. Stipules
none. Racemes 1° long. Flowers 1' long.

41. SOPHORA, L.

Calyx campanulate, oblicjucly truncated or 5-toothed. Stamens 10, free or
cohering at the base. Style smooth. Legume moniliform, wingless, many-
seeded, indehiscent Seeds subglobose. — Trees or shrubs, witli unequally pin-
nate leaves. Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes.

1. S. tomentosa, L. Hoary-tomentosc ; leaflets 11-17, oblong, coria-
ceous, becoming smooth above; raceme elongated; calyx minutely S-toothed-
— South Florida, near the coast — Shrub 4° - 6° high. Flowers showy, yel-
low. Legume stipitute, .5' long.

10*

114 leguminos^e. (pulse family.)

Suborder 11. C^SALPIIVIEtE. Brasiletto Family.

42. CIRCIS, L. Red-BCD.

Calyx campanulatc, 5-tootlicd. Petals all distinct, the vexilluSi shorter than
the wiiii,'s. Stiiniens 10, distinct. Legume oblong, compressed, many-seeded ;
the ui)per suture winged. — Trees, with broadly-cordate simple stipulate leaves,
and rcddisli-purjjle clustered flowers appearing before the leaves.

1. C. Canadensis, L. — Rich soil, Florida to Mississipi, and northward.
February and March. — Tree 15° -20° liigh. Flowers very numerous, from
lateral buds.

43. CASSIA, L. SicNNA.

Calyx of 5 nearly distinct sepals. Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 5- 10. An-
thers mostly of diflTerent forms, opening by two terminal pores. Legume many-
seeded. Seeds often separated by cross partitions. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves
abruptly pinnate. Flowers yellow. .

* Stamens 10, unequal : part of the anthers abortive : sepals obtuse : stipules

deciduous.

1. C. OCCidentalis, L. Annual, smootliish ; stem stout, branching ; leaf-
lets about 10, ovate or ovatc-lanccolatc, acute ; petiole witli a globular gland at
the base; racemes 2-4-flowered, the upper ones crowded. — Waste places, com-
mon. — Stem l°-5°high. Legume linear, erect, compressed, slightly curved,
3' -4' long.

2. C. obtusifolia, L. Annual, roughish ; stem slender, leaflets 6, cune-
atc-ohovatc, with a tooth-like gland between the lowest pair ; flowers by jiairs ;
legume narrow-linear, 4-angled, recurved. — Waste j)laccs, Florida to Nortli
Carolina, and westward Stem l°-4° high. Legume G'- 10' long

3. C. Marilandica, L. Perennial, smoothish ; leaflets 12-18, ol)long,
acute; petiole witii a club-shaped gland near the base; racemes several-flowered,
the upper ones crowded, forming a compact panicle ; legume linear, slightly
curved. — Rich soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward August. — Stem
3<'-4° high. Legume 3' -4' long.

4. C. angUStisiliqua, Lam.? Smooth or nearly so; stem branched;
leaflets 6-10, oblong, nnicronate, very oblique at tlie base, hairy at the base
bencatii, with a globular gland on the petiole or i)etwcen the lowest pair of leaf-
lets ; flowers in a terminal jjanicle, on slender pedicels ; sepals oblong-obovate ;
petals yellow, veiny; perfect stamens oblong, the larger ones curved; legume
(3' -4' lon.r) broadly linear, flat, straight or somewhat falcate, many-.sccded.
— Souili Florida. Feb. — Leaflets 9" -12" long. Legumes 4' wide.

•'). C. biflora, L. Shrubby; leaflets 4 - 10, oblong, narrowed at the biu;e,
mucron:itc, witli an obovoid gbmd between the lowest pair; racemes 2 - 4-flow-
cre<l, often by jtairs, slender, shorter than the leaves ; fertile nnthers 5 ; legume
linear, flat, stiiiight or somewluit falcate, sinootii, many-seeded. — Key West. —
Leaflets 1' long Legume 3' long, 2" wide.

LKGU-MIXOS.E. (I'ULSE FA.MILY.) 115

* * S'dmcns 5-\0 : anthers aU perfect : sepals acute: stipules persistent.

6. C. ChamOBCrista, L. Annual ; stem smooth or rusty-hairy ; leaflets
small, numerous, linear-ol)lonf;, mucronate ; stipules acuminate, nerved ; flowers
borne above tlic axils, large, clustered, on long pedicels ; anthers 10 ; style slen-
der; Icirunic linear, nearly straight. — Dry barren soil, Florida to I\Iississip])i, and
northward. July and August. — Stem 1°- U-° high. Part of the petals often
purple at the base.

7. C. nictitans, L. Annual ; pubescent ; leaflets numerous, oblong-linear ;
stipules and bracts subulate ; flowers small, 2 -3 in a cluster above the axils, on
short pedicels ; petals unccjual ; stamens 5, nearly equal.

Var. aspera. ( C. aspera, 75^//.) Hirsute; stamens 7-9, very unenual; ovary
very hairy ; flowers larger. — Dry old fields, Florida to North Carolina, and
westward. August. — Stem 1° liigh, often prostrate. Leaflets about 40, sensi-
tive, like those of tlie preceding species.

44. GLEDITSCHIA, L. IIoney-Locust.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 3-5, united at the base, spreading. Petals as
many, or less by the union of the 2 lower ones. Stamens 3 -.5, distinct, inserted
with the petals on the base of the calyx. Legume stipitate, flat, 1 - many-seed-
ed. Seeds compressed. — Thorny trees. Leaves abruptly 1 - 2-pinnate, with
oblong serrate leaflets. Flowers small, greenish, in short spikes.

1. G. triaeanthos, L. Leaflets lanceolatc-oblong ; thorns mostly com-
pound ; legume very long, many-seeded, pulpy within. — Rich woods, Florida
to Mississippi, and northward. June and July. — A large tree. Legume 1 2' - 1 8'
long, 1' wide, twisted.

2. G. monosperma, Walt. Leaflets ovate or oblong ; thorns mostly
simple ; legume short, obliquely oval, 1-seeded, not pulpy. — Deep river swamjjs,
Florida to Tennessee, and westward. July. — A small tree. Legume 1 ' long.

I

Suborder ITT. MIITIOSE^. Mimosa Family.

45. MIMOSA, L. Sensitive-Plant.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx minute, 4-5-toothed. Petals united into a
4-5-cleft tubular-campanulate corolla. Stamens 4- 15, distinct, much exsert-
ed. Legume compressed, mostly jointed, 1 - many-seeded ; the broad valves
separating at maturity from the persistent margins. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees.
Leaves bipinnate, sensitive. Flowers white or rose-color, capitate or spiked, on
axillary peduncles.

1. M. Strigillosa, Torr. & Gray. Herbaceous and rough with scattered
appressed rigid hairs; stem prostrate; leaves long-petioled ; pinna; 5-6 pairs;
leaflets 10-14 pairs, oblong-linear; peduncles longer than the leaves; heads of
flowers elliptical ; legume oval or oblong, 1 -3-jointcd, hispid. — Banks of rivers,
East Florida, and westward. July and August. — Flowers rosc-eolor.

116 LEGUMINOS/E. (iTLSE lAMILY.)

M. PL'DiCA, L., the common Sexsitive-Plaxt, is j):iriially naturnli/id in
8umc localities.

46. SCHRANKIA, M'ill.l.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx minute. Corolla funnel-sliapcd, 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 8-10, di.stiiu't, cxscrted. Legume not jointed, prickly, 1-celled, many-
seeded ; the narrow valves separating at maturity from the broad margins. —
Perennial ])rostratc ])rickly herbs, witli liipinnate sensitive leaves, and purple
flowers in globose axillary pcduncled heads.

1. S. uncinata, WiUd. Stem, petioles, peduncles, and legumes thickly
beset with short and tliick recurved prickles ; pinnos 5-6 pairs ; leaflets 20 - 30,
elliptical, reticulated with elevated veins beneath ; peduncles mostly solitary,
usually shorter tlian the leaves ; legume oblong-linear, witli a short acuminate
point, about as long as the peduncle ; seeds elliptical. — Dry sandy soil, Florida,
and westward. June -August. — Stem 2° -4° long. Legume 2' long.

2. S. angUStata, Torr. & Gray. Stem, &.c. armed with SQittcrcd weak
recurved prickles ; piimro 4-6 pairs ; leaflets about 30, linear-elliptical, veinless,
or nearly so, on both sides ; peduncles single or by pairs, much shorter tlian the
leaves; legume narrow-linear, 3 -4 times as long as the ])cdunclc, ending in a
long subulate smoothish point.

Var. ■? brachycai'pa. Stem, &c. as in No. 1 ; leaflets oblong-linear ; pedan-
clcs single or 2-4 in a cluster, the upper ones longer than the leaves; legumes
(2' -3' long) broadly linear, abruptly slender-pointed, densely armed with strong
often branching prickles, about as long as the peduncle. — Dry pine barrens,
Florida to North Carolina, and westward. Juno - August. — Stem 2° - 5° long.
Legumes 4' -5' long.

47. PITHECOLOBIUM, Martius.

Flowers perfect, rarely polygamous. Calyx tubular-cam])anulatc, 4-.')-foothed.
Corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, 4 -5-cleft. Stamens 10 or more, long exsertcd,
monadelphous near the base. Style filiform. Legume broadly linear, com-
pressed, contorted or falcate, transversely partitioned, mealy or pulpy within.
Seeds lenticular. — Trees or shrubs, often armed with stipular spines. Leaves
pinnate or bi])innate. Flowers chiefly capitate, axillary and terminal.

1. P. TJnguis-Cati, Benth. Unarmed or sjiiny ; leaves bipiniiafe ; leaf-
lets 4, thin, broadly and obliquely obovate, the partial j)etiolcs much shorter than
the common one ; heads globose, in a loose raceme ; calyx-teeth siiort, ciliate ;
corolla yellowish, smooth ; stamens crisped, twice as long as the corolla; ovary
smooth. (Inga iMiguis-Cati, Wllld.) — South Florida. — T-caflets 1'- Ij' long,
light green. (Legume spirally twisted, 5 - 6-seeded, white, and fleshy within.
MuFodi/cn.)

2. P. Guadalupcnse. Unarmed ; leaves bipinnato ; leaflets 4, coria-
ceous, oblicpielv olilong or obovate, tlic common nnd jiartini jieiioles nearly
equal ; peduncles solitary, nxillary, longer than tlic leaves, or the upper ones
racemose; calvx and corolla pul)eseent ; stamens 30 or more, ;i-4 limes as long

ROSACE.E. (rose FAMILY.) 117

as the corolla; ovary pubescent; legume smooth, falcate or hooked. (Inga
Guadahipcusis, Disr.) — South Florida. — Leaflets 1' long, deep green. Legume
2' -4' long. Flowers yellowish.

48. DESMANTHUS, Willd.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla of 5 ohlong-spatulatc pet-
als, or tabular and 5-cleft. Stamens 5-10. Filaments of the lower flowers
filiform, sterile. Legume linear, continuous, 2-valved. — Herbs or shrubs, with
abruptly bipinnate leaves, and heads or spikes of white flowers borne on axillary
peduncles. Leaves sensitive.

1. D. depresSUS, Ilumb. & Bonpl. Stems slender, prostrate, sprinkled
with hairs, shrubby at the base ; pinnae 2 pairs ; leaflets oblong-linear, very ob-
tuse, obliciue and almost truncate at the base, hairy on the margins ; peduncles
2-4-flowered, the two up])er flowers (sometimes all) perfect; stamens 10; leg-
ume linear, many-seeded ; seeds angular, compressed. — South Florida. — Stems
lo _ 20 long. Legume 1 ' - U' long.

2. D. diffusus, Willd. Stem somewhat shrubby, prostrate ; pinna; 4-5
pairs ; spikes few-flowered, capitate ; flowers pentandrous ; legume narrowly
linear. — Key West. — Legume 2' long.

3. D. virgatus, Willd. Stem erect, rather rigid, smoothish, angled ;
pinnoe 1-7-pairs; leaflets numerous, oblong-linear ; a rather large ovate gland
below the lowest pinna; heads few-flowered ; stamens 10; legume straight, lin-
ear, 10 - 30-secdcd. (D. strietus, Berlol.) — South Florida. — Stem 1° - 2° high.

49. NEPTUNIA, Lour.

Sterile filaments flat, membranaceous or petal-like. Legume oblong, fcw-
sccdcd ; othenvise like Desmanthus.

1. N. lutea, Benth. Stems ascending, rough with short rigid hairs ; pinnae
4-5 pairs ; leaflets numerous, linear-oblong, mucronate, fringed on the margins,
veiny beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate ; peduncles longer than the leaves,
rough, minutely bracted ; heads oval or oblong, many-flowered, nodding ; petals
distinct; sterile filaments 8-10, yellow, spatulate-linear ; fertile ones 10, white ;
legume 5 - 8-seeded. — Damp soil near the coast. Key West to Alabama, and
westward. June. y. — Stems 2'-3'long.

OnBF.R 48. ROSACEA. (Rose Famixt.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate stipulate leaves, and regular
flowers. — Calyx of 3 - 8 (mostly 5) more or less united sepals, and often
with as many bracts. Petals as many (rarely none), inserted with the
few or numerous distinct stamens on the edge of the disk which lines the
tube of the calyx, mostly imbricated in the bud. -Ovaries 1 - several,
free, or more or loss united with the calyx and with each other, 1 -few-

118 KOSACE.E. (UOSE FAMILY.)

ovuled. Seeds anatropous, and, ■with few exceptions, without albumen.

Embryo straight, with large and thick cotyledons. Fruit various.

»

Synopsis.

SUBOUDEU I. CHRYSOBALANI'LE. Calyx bractles?, free from
the soUtary ovary. Style single, arising from the base of the ovary.
Ovules erect. Fruit a drupe. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple.

1. CIIKYSOBALANUS. Calyx-limb persistent. Stooe grooved. Low shrubs.

Suborder II. AMYGDALEiE. Calyx bractless, free from the sol-
itary ovary. Style single, terminal. Ovules suspended. Fruit a drupe.
Leaves simple.

2. PRtlNUS. Calyx-limb deciduous. Stone even, or grooved on the margins.

Suborder III. ROSACEA. Calyx 3 - 5-cleft, the lobes often alto--
nating with as many bracts, free from the 1 - several ovaries. Style
lateral or terminal. Fruit a 1 - 10-seeded follicle, or a 1 -seeded ache-
nium. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves mostly lobed or comjjouud.

* Fruit a 1 - 10-sccdcd follicle.

3. SPIRiEA. Tctals obovate or roundish, imbricated in the bud.

5. GILLENLA. Petals linear-lanceolate, convolute in the bud.

* # Fruit a 1-sccdcd achenium.
*~ Fruiting calyx dry, the lobes mostly valvate in the bud. Achcnia few, or numerous and
collected into a head.
++ Calyx-tubo contracted at the throat (except No. 4). Achenia 1-4.

4. NETTUSIA. Petals none. Stamens indefinite. Calyx-lobes serrate.

6. AGUIMOXIA. Petals 5. Stamens 5-15. Calyx bristly.

7. SANGUISORB.\. Petals none. Stamens 4. Style terminal.

8. ALCIIEMirXA. Petals none. Stamens 1-4. Style lateral.

^■* ** Calyx open, bracted. Stamens and dry achenia numerous, the latter rarely 2 -4.
= Seeds erect.

9. GEUM. Style persistent. Achenia numerous.

10. WALDSTELMA. Style deciduous. Achenia 2 -6.

= = Seeds suspended or ascending.

11. POTENTILLA. Receptacle flat or convex, dry.

12. FKAGARIA. Receptacle conical, enlarged and fleshy in fruit.

<-<■ 4-4- <-► Calyx open, bractless. Stamens and juicy achenia numeroufl.

13. RURUS. Achenia crowded on the conical receptacle.

<- «- Calyx-tube fleshy, urn-shaped ; the lobes imbricated in the bud. Achenia numerous,
Inserted on the receptacle which lines the inside of the calyx-tubo.

14. ROSA. Achenia dry and hairy. Prickly shrubs.

Suborder IV. PO^IEiE. Calyx including and cohering with tho
1 -T) ovaries, very tiiifk aixl (Icsliy in fruit.

15. CUAT^OUS. Fruit of 1 5 bony 1 seeded nutlets.

10. PYltUS. Fnilt of 2 5 rnrtilii(finous or mciiibrnnaceoaB 2-8eedod cells.

17. AMELANCIIIEK. Fruit of 3 - 6 twOM-eded cells ; seeds separated by a falso partition.

ROSACK.K. (rose family.) 119

1. CHRYSOBALANUS, L.

Calyx bcll-sliapcd, 5-clcft, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens about 20 ; the in-
ner ones often shorter and sterile. Ovary with 2 collateral erect ovules ; the
style arising from its base. Drupe 1-seeded ; the stone grooved. — Low unarmed
shrubs. Leaves nearly sessile, entire, with minute stipules. Flowers small, in
axillary or terminal paniculate cymes.

1- C. oblongifolius, Michx. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, oblonjj;, nar-
rowed downward, mucronate, smooth on both sides, or hoary-pubescent beneath,
deciduous ; cymes terminal, racemose, many-flowered ; calyx pubescent ; sta-
mens and ovary smooth ; drupe ovoid. — Dry sandy pine barrens, Florida, Ala-
bama and Georgia. May. — Stems creeping, the flowering branches C - 12' high.
Leaves 3' -4' long. Flowers greenish-white, mostly abortive.

2. C. Icaco, L. (Cocoa Plum.) Leaves short-petioled, round-ohovate,
mostly emarginato, smooth, coriaceous ; cymes axillary, few-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; calyx pubescent and hoary ; stamens and ovary hairy ; drupe large
roundish. — South Florida. — Shrub 4° - 6° high, the stem and branches rough-
ened with small white tubercles. Leaves 2' long, 1^' wide. Drupe yellow, pur-
ple, or black.

2. PRUNUS, L. Plum. Cherry.

Calyx 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 1.5 -.'50. Ovary
with 2 collateral suspended ovules. Style terminal. Drupe fleshy; the stone
even. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers white.

^ 1. Pruncs. (Plum ) — Drupe rjlaucous : stone more or less compressed : leni-es.
convolute in the bud: jlowcrs in lateral clusters, appearing before the leaves:
branches ofien spiny.

1. P. Americana, Marsh. Leaves thick, ovate or somewhat obovate, acu-
minate, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, pubescent beneath, sharply ser-
rate, on glandular petioles ; drujjc large, globose. (P. hiemalis. Ell.) — Woods,
Florida to Mississippi, and northward. March and April. — A small tree.
Leaves 2' -3' long, smooth when old. Flowers very numerous. Plum reddish,
^'-1' in diameter, pleasantly acid, ripening in September.

2. P. umbellata, Ell. Leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute at
both ends, or the upper ones rounded at the base, finely and sharply serrate,
smooth or soft-downy beneath ; calyx-teeth emarginate, pubescent ; drupe glo-
bose ; stone slightly compressed. — Dry light soil, Florida and Alabama to South
Carolina. February and March. — A shrub or small tree. Branches purple,
shining. Leaves I'-H' long. Plum rarely ^' in diameter, dark-purplish or
black, sour and bitter, ripening in August.

3. P. Chicasa, Michx. Leaves thin, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acute, smooth, minutely and sharply serrate, with the teeth glandular and in-
eur^'cd ; flowers short-pedunclcd ; calyx smooth ; drupe yellowish-rod, globose.
— Old fields, forming thickets. March. — A shrub or small tree. Leaves

120 ROSACEiE. (rose FAMILY.)

1^' - 2' long. Plum about V in diameter, thin-skinned and of an agreeable
flavor.

^2. Cerasus. (CiiEKRY.^ — Driipc tiot glaticous : stone globular or slightly com-
pressed: h'avcs folded in the bud, deciduous. — Spineless shrubs or trees.
* Flowers clustered.

4. P. Pennsylvanica, L. LcavestIiin,ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, finely-
and sharply senate, green and smooth on both sides ; flowers several in a cluster,
on long peduncles ; drupe globose, light red. — Rocky woods, North Carolina,
and nortliward. May. — A small tree. Fruit small and sour.

* * Flowers in racemes terminatinij ha fi] branches.

5. P. ECrotina, Ehrhart. Leaves smooth, varying from oval to ovatr-
lanccolatc, mostly acute or acuminate, serrate, with tlic tcctli callous and ap-
presscd; racemes long, spreading; drupe globose, purjilish-black. — Woods,
Florida to Mississippi, and northward. April and May. — A tree 20° -GO*' high.

6. P. Virginiana, L. Smootli throughout, or the lower surface of the
leaves, branclics, and racemes more or less pubescent ; leaves thin, oval, oblong
or obovatc, finely and sharply sen'ate, abruptly acute or acuminate ; racemes
rather sliort and erect ; drupe red. (P. hirsuta, Ell. ?) — Liglit sandy soil, Geor-
gia and northward. April. — Shrub 3°-9° liigh. Leaves 1'- 3' long. Drupe
astringent.

^ 3. Lauiioceij.vscs. (Ciierky-Laurel ) — Drupe not (jlaucous : stone (/lobular :
flonrrs in racemes from the axils of rrerffrcen Icmrs.

7. P. Caroliniana, Ait. (Mock Orange.) Leaves coriaceous, smooth
and glossy, ovate-lanceolate, acute, mostly entire; racemes shorter than the
leaves, white ; drupe ovoid, soon dry, black. — Banks of rivers, Florida to North
Carolina, and westward. February and JIarch. — A small tree.

3. SPIR^A, L. Meadow-Sweet.

Calyx 5-clcft, persistent. Petals .5, roundish, imbricated in the hud. Stamens
10-50. Follicles 3- 12, 1 -10-.seeded. Styles terminal. — Shrubs or perennial
herbs, with .simple or comjjound leaves. Flowers white or ro.sc-color, sometimes

dioicious.

* SJirnbs : floicers peifrct.

-t- Flowers corymbose.

1. S. opulifolia, L. Leaves broadly ovate or cordate, 3-lobed, doubly

crcnate-serratc, stnooth ; corj-mbs umbellate, terminating the short branches,

mostly pubescent ; follicle smooth, inflated, 2-4-sccded. — Var. kerruoinka,

Nutt. Leaves smaller (1' long), slightly lobcd, covered, like (he branches,

corymbs, and follicles, with n dense brownish pubescence. — Banks of streams,

Florida and Alabama (the variety) to the mountains of Cicorgia, and nortbwanl.

April and May. — Shrub 3° -5° high, the ohl bark sepurutiiig lu Uiui iaycn..

Flowers white.

■>- ■>- FtoiriTS panichd.

2. 8. tomcntosa, T<. Leaves simple, ovate or nblonsr, «Tmto, the Iow«t
Furfttcc, like the bntnchwi and close panicle, covered with a dense, rubt-culorcd

ROSACE.E. (rose FAMILY.) 121

pubescence ; follicles 5, not inflated, tomentose, several-seeded. — Low grounds
in the upper di.stricts of Gcorgjia, and northward. June and July. — Stem 2° - 3°
high. Flowers small, pale purple.

3. S. salicifolia, L. Smooth ; panicle densc-flowcrcd ; leaves varying
from lanceolate to oblong-obovate, sharply and doubly serrate ; follicles not in-
flated, smooth, several-seeded. — With the preceding. June and July. — Stem
20-5° high. Flowers white.

* * Perennial herbs : leaves lohcd or compound.

4. S. lobata, Murr. Flowers perfect, in long-pedunclcd paniculate cymes;
leaves coarse, pinnatcly lobcd, the terminal lobe very large, rcniforin, 7 -9-parted,
with the divisions incisely tootlicd and serrate ; stipules rcniform, persistent ;
follicles 6-8, 1 - 2-secded. — Swamps along the mountains of Georgia and
North Carolina, northward. June and .July. — Stem smooth, 5° -8° liigh. Up-
per leaves 3-lobed and sessile ; the lowest ones on long petioles. Flowers rose-
color. Petals and sepals often in fours.

5. S. Aruncus, L. Flowers dioecious, in elongated filiform panicled
racemes ; leaves tiiricc-pinnatc ; leaflets thin, lanceolate-oblong, sharply and
doubly serrate ; stipules minute or wanting; follicles 3-5, several-seeded, re-
flexed. — Woods on the mountains of Georgia, and northward. June. — Stem
tall and slender. Flowers minute, white.

4. NEVIUSIA, Gray.

Calyx bractless, Fpreading, 5-parted, with the lobes leaf-like, incisely serrate
and persistent. Corolla none. Stamens indefinite, inserted in several rows on
the thin disk which lines the bottom of the calyx ; filaments filiform. Ovaries
2-4, sessile: style nearly terminal, filiform. Ovule single, pendulous, anatro-
pous. Achenia drupaceous. Cotyledons oval, flat. Embryo included in thin
fleshy albumen. Iladiclc superior, inflexed-accumbcnt. — A shrub, with alter-
nate leaves, free bristle-awl-shaped stipules, and single or clustered terminal
flowers on slender peduncles.

1. N. Alabamensis, Gray. — Shady cliffs near Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Rev. R. D. Necins. — Shrub 2° - r)° high, with spreading branches. Leaves
short-petioled, membranaceous, ovate or oblong, doubly serrate, l'-2^' long.
Flowers very numerous and showy.

5. GILLENIA, Moeneh. Indian Physic.

Calyx tubnlar-campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, unequal,
inserted on tlie throat of the calyx, convolute in the bud. Stamens 10-20. Fol-
licles 5, included in the calyx, 2-4-seeded. — Perennial herbs. Leaves thin,
trifoliolate ; the leaflets sharply and doubly serrate. Flowers white or rose-
color, in loose few-flowered corymbs.

1. G. trifoliata, Moeneh. Stipules small, subulate, entire; leaflets ob-
long, acaminatc, rather coarsely serrate; lower peduncles elongated, flowera
11

122 ROSACiCiE. (itosi: family.)

white. — Rich woods in the northern parts of Alabama, and northward. June.
— Stem 20-30 hi!,'h.

2. G. stipulacea, Nutt. Stipules leafy, ovate, serrate; leaflets lanceo-
late, coarsely serrate, or the lowest iuciscly lohed ; flowers rose-color. — Moun-
tains of Alabama, and northward. June. — Stem 2° - 3" high.

G. AGRIMONIA, Tourn. Aukimoxy.

Calyx 5-clcft, the tube top-shaped, contracted at the throat, and armed with
hooked bristles. Petals 5. Stamens 5 -lb, inserted on the throat cf the calyx.
Achenia 2, inehuled in the grooved and indurated oaly.x-tubc. — Perennial herbs,
with nne<]ually pinnate leaves, leafy toothed stij)ules, and small yellow flowera
in long spiked racemes. Fruit nodding.

1 . A. Eupatoria, L. Stem hairy ;• leaflets 3-7, with smaller ones below
or intermixed, oblong-obovate, haiiy, sometimes white-downy beneath, coarsely
serrate ; petals twice the length of tlic calyx. — Dry open woods, Florida to Mis-
sissippi, and northward. August. — Stem 20-3° high.

2. A. parviflora, Ait. Stem and petioles hirsute; leaflets 9-1. 5, with
smaller ones between, lanceolate, coarsely serrate, roughish above, pubescent
beneath. — Low ground, chiefly in the upper districts, Mississippi to North Car-
olina, and northward. August. — Flowers and fruit smaller than in No. 1.

3. A. incisa, Toit. & Gray. Stem, petioles, and lower surface of the
leaves clotlicd with soft down and long hairs intermixed; leaflets 7-9, small
(1' long), oblong or obovate, coarsely serrate, with smaller ones between; sta-
mens 5. — Dry open woods, Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. August. — Stem
2° high. Flowers small.

7. SANGUISORBA, L.

Calyx 4-partcd, the tube 4-angled. Petals none. Stamens 4, the filaments
usually thickened upward. Style terminal, slender. Stigma pencil-form.
Achenia 1-2, included in the 4-winged indurated calyx-tube. — Herbs, with
unequally pinnate leaves. Flowers in close heads or spikes.

1. S. Canadensis, L. Smooth; leaflets numerous, stalked, cordate-
ovate or oblong, serrate ; spikes long-pcdunded, cylindrical, elongated in fruit;
stamens flattened. — Wet meadows, along tlio Alleghany Mountains, Georgia,
and northward. September. Ij. — Stem 2° -4° higli. Lowest leaves on long
petioles. Flowers white.

8. ALCHEMILLA, Toum.

Calj'x 4 - r)-partcd, and with as many altennito bracts; the tube obconical,
contracted at the throat. Petals none. Stamens 1 -4. Stylo lateral. Stigma
capitate. Achenia 1 -4, included in the persistent calyx-lube. — Small herbs,
with palmatcly divided leaves, and minute greenish flowers, in corymbs or clus-
ters.

ROSACE.E. (rose FAMILY.) 123

1. A. arvensis, L. Annual, hairy; stem (1'- 8' liigli) leafy; leaves 3-
parted, tlic divisions wocige-sliapcd, 3-5-lobed; flowers in axillary sessile clus-
ters; fertile stamens 1-2. — Waste places. North Carolina and Virginia. In-
troduced. — Stem branching from the base. Leaves 4" -G" long.

9. GEUM, L. AvENS.

Calyx campanulatc, deeply 5-cleft, and usually with as many bracts at the
sinuses. Petals 5. Stamens and achenia numerous, the latter crov/ded* on the
conical or cylindrical dry receptacle. Styles terminal, long, persistent, jointed
and hairy, or straiglit and smoothish. Seeds erect. — Perennial herbs, with pin-
nately divided leaves. Flowers yellow, white, or purple.

1. G. album, Gmel in. Smoothish or downy ; stem slender, with spreading
branches ; radical leaves pinnate, or the earliest ones nearly simple and rounded ;
stem-leaves 3-parted, lobcd or toothed ; petals white, as long as the calyx ; style
jointed and bent near the middle, the smooth lower portion persistent and hooked ;
receptacle and ovaries bristly-hairy. — Rich woods, Georgia and northward. April
and May. — Stem 2° high.

2. G. genieulatum, Michx. Hairy ; leaves pinnate, 3-partcd or 3-lobcd,
the upper ones nearly sessile ; leaflets or lobes thin, ovate and obovate, toothed
and serrate; style jointed and bent in the middle, the upper portion plumose
and nearly persistent, the lower pubescent, or smooth above ; heads of the hairy
achenia sessile. — High mountains of North Carolina. July. — Stem 2° -3°
high. Flowers white, veiny.

3. G. radiatum, Michx. Hirsute; stem short (6'- 12'), often branching;
lowest leaves pinnate, the terminal leaflet large, renifoi-m, obscurely lobed,
doubly toothed, the lateral ones few and small ; stem-leaves scattered, small,
sharply toothed, sessile; flowers large ; petals obcordate, yellow ; style straight
and wholly persistent, hairy at the base ; heads of achenia sessile. — Highest
mountains of North Carolina. July. — Flowers 1 ' wide.

10. WALDSTEINIA, AVilld.

Calyx obconical, 5-cleft, with as many alternate bracts. Petals 5. Stamens
numerous, inserted into the throat of the calyx. Achenia 2-6, dry or some-
what fleshy. Style terminal, filiform, separating from the achenium by a joint.
Seeds erect. — Low perennial herbs, with chiefly radical and roundish lobed
leaves, and yellow flowers on scape-like stems.

1. W. fragarioides, Tratt. Smooth or hairy; leaves long-petioled, tri-
foliolate or 3-parted, with broadly cuneate and crenately toothed leaflets ; scape
as long as the leaves, bracked, many-flowered ; achenia 4-6, minutely hairy. —
Mountain-woods, Georgia and northward. May and June. — Stem and leaves
4' - 6' high. Petals larger than the calyx.

2. W. lobata, Ton-. & Gray. Hairy; leaves cordate, crenately 3-5-lobed ;
scape filiform, bracted, 4-8-flowcred; achenia mostly 2, hoary; petals rather

124 KOSACK.«. (rosk family.)

shorter tlian thctalyx. (Dalibarda lobata, Baldw.) — Banks of tlie Flint and
Chattalioochcc rivers, in the middle districts of Georgia, not common. May
and June. — Scape and leaves 4' -8' high.

11. POTENTILLA, L. Cinquefoil.

Calyx flat, 5-clcft, with as many bracts. Petals .5, obcordato or roundish.
Stamens numerous. Style lateral or terminal, deciduous. Achcnia collected
in a head on the dry and pubescent receptacle. — Herbs or shrubby plants, with
variously divided leaves. Flowers solitary or cymosc.

* Style terminal, or nearlij so.

1. p. Norvegica, L. Annual, hairy; stem erect, branched; leaves pal-
mately .3-fuliolatc, the leaflets obovate-oblong or lanceolate, coar.-ely serrate ;
flowers pale yellow, in leafy cymes ; petals shorter than the caly.x. — Waste
places. Introduced, and sparingly naturalized. — Stem 1° - 2° higli.

2. P. Canadensis, L. Perennial, hairy ; stem prostrate or ascending,
simple; leaves jjalmately 5-foliolatc; leaflets obovate-oblong, coarsely serrate;
flowers axillary, solitary, on long filiform peduncles ; petals yellow, obcordatc,
as long iis the calyx. (P. simplex, il//(7(x.) — Meadows in the uijper districts,
Mississippi to Korth Carolina, and northward. July and August. — Stem
l°-3° long.

* * Sti/Ie lateral.

3. P. tridcntata, Ait. Stem somewhat shnibby at the base, erect or as-
cending, pui)csccnt ; leaves rigid, trifoliolate, cuncateoblong, 3-toothcd at the
apex ; flowers white, in a terminal cyme. — High mountains of Korth Carolina.
July. — Stem 5' - 10' high. Achenia and receptacle very hairy.

12. FRAGAEIA, Toum. SxRAwnEnuY.

Flowers like Potentilla, but the dry achenia borne on the enlarged, at length
pulpy and scarlet receptacle. Style lateral. — Perennial herbs with creeping
runners. Leaves radical, trifoliolate. Flowers white, in teiminal cymes.

1. F. Virginiana, Ehrhart. Hairy; leaflets oblong, eoar.«ely serrate ;
scape fcw-flowcrcd ; fruit roundish, the achenia ini1)cddc'd in the deeply piltcd
receptacle. — llich woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. March and
April. — Scapes 4' - 6' high.

13. RUBUS, L. Brier. BnAMni-E.

Calyx concave or flattish, 5-parted, without bracts. Petals 5, deciduous.
Stamens numerous. Achenia juicy, crowded on the conical or cylindrical re-
ceptacle. Style nearly terminal, deciduous " — Perennial or shrubby and mostly
prickly plants, with lobed or compotm<l petioled lcav.es, and wliitc or rcdilish
flowers.

* ff'diN of iirlit'iiid hniiisiilirriml, (Irrii/iiniix ; ririplnrlr (In/.

1. R. odoratUS, L. Shnibl>y, not prickly; the lirMnclies, pcfif)lcs, and
corymbs his[)id with glaii<iular hairs ; leaves large, broadly ovate, 3 lyU-d, or

rosacejE. (rose family.) 125

tlioi lowest ones 5-lobcd, the lobes acute or acuminate, toothed and serrate ; calyx-
lobus caudate ; (lowers lar;^e, rose-color; fruit reddish. — Kocky woods on tiic
mountains of Geortjia, and northward. June -August. — Stem 3° -4° high.
Flowers 2' in diameter.

'2. R. occidentalis, L. Glaucous ; stem prickly, but otherwise very
smooth, beniiing ; leaves 3 -5-foliolatc ; leaflets thin, ovate, acuminate, coarsely
Kcrrate or sparingly toothed, white-downy beneath ; petals white, shorter than the
rcfloxed short-caudate hoary calyx-lohcs ; fruit black. — Borders of woods along
the mountains, Georgia and northward. May. — Stem biennial, 5° - 8° long.

* * Heads ofachenia oval or oblong, persistent : receptacle juici/.

3. R. villosus, Ait. Tall, shrubby ; stem erect or bending, armed, like
petioles and peduncles, with stout recurved prickles, the branches and 3-7-folio-
late leaves soft-hairy or nearly smooth ; leaflets ovate or oblong, doubly ser-
nvte ; raceuies leafy below, bracted above ; sepals acuminate, much shorter
than the obovate white petals ; fruit large, oblong, black. — Swampy thickets,
tK)mmon. April. — Stem 4°- 10° high.

4. R. CUnGifolius, Pursh. Shrubby, armed with stout prickles ; stem
erect ; branches and leaves tomentose ; leaves trifoliolate, with the leaflets cune-
ate-obovate, unequally serrate towards the summit, tomentose and white beneath ;
racemes few-flowered ; petals white; fruit ovoid, black. — Old fields, Florida to
North Carolina, and westward. April. — Stem 2° - 4° high. Leaves and fruit
smaller than in the preceding.

5. R. trivialis, Michx. Shrubby, and armed with stout straight or re-
cun-ed prickles and bristly hairs ; stem prostrate, slender ; leaves 3 - 5-foliolate,
partly persistent ; leaflets smooth, oblong-ovate or obovate, acute, sharply serrate ;
racemes few-flowered, leafy below, mostly longer than the leaves ; flowers large,
white; fruit black. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.
April.

6 R. hispidus, L Somewhat shrubby, and armed with weak bristle-like
prickles; stem slender, prostrate ; leaves trifoholate, persistent ; leaflets obovate,
obtuse, coarsely serrate, smooth ; racemes many-flowered, slender, longer than
the leaves ; flowers small, white ; fruit of few large and black achcnia. (R. obo-
valis, Michx.) — Cold shady swamps among the mountains, Georgia and north-
ward. May and June. — Fruit sour.

14. ROSA, Tourn. Rose.

Calyx .5-cleft, the urn-shaped tube becoming fleshy in fruit. Pct.als 5. Sta-
mens numi-rou-!, inserted with tlie petals on the throat of the calyx. Ovaries
numerous, hairy, inserte<l on the thin receptacle that lines the inner surface of the
ealyx-tubc. Styles nearly included. Achcnia bony. — Prickly shrubs. Leaves
unequally pinnate. Stipules united with the i)etioles. Flowers showy.

* Styles coheritKj, erserted.
1. R. setigera, Michx. Stem long, reclining, smooth ; leaflets 3 - .5, ovate,
aeuminate or acute, sen-ate, shining above : petioles, peduncles, and calyx glan-
11*

126 ROSACIwK. (UOSK FAMILY.)

dular; corymb fow-flowcrcd ; petals obcordatc ; fruit globosp, smooth. — Borders
of swamps, Florida to South Carolina, and westward. June. — Stem 10° -15°
long. Flowers 2' -3' wide, red.

* * Sfijles distinct, included : JJoicers red or icJtite.

2. R. Carolina, L. Stem ercct, smooth, armed with stout rcrurvcd stipu-
lar prickles ; leaflets 5-9, oblong or elliptical, acute, finely serrate, dull and
smoothish above, the lower suiface paler, or, like the prickly petioles and cau-
date caly.x-lobes, tomcntosc ; flowers single or corymbose ; calyx-tube and
peduncles glandular-hispid. — Swamps, Florida to North Carolina, and west-
ward. June. — Stem 4° - G° high, commonly purplish. Fruit depressed-globose,
glandular.

3. R. lucida, Ehrhart Stem low, erect, armed with bristles and stout
stipular prickles ; leaflets mostly 5, elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, sharply ser-
rate, smooth and shining above, paler and often somewhat j)ubesccnt i)cneath ;
flowers solitary, or 2-3 together; peduncles and calyx glandular, the latter
with foliaceous, often incised lobes. (R. parviflora. Ell. ) — Florida to Mississippi,
and northward, mostly in dry soil, common. May and June. — Stem l°-3°
high. A variable species. Stem sometimes smooth. "^

4. R. rubiginosa, L. (Eglantine.) Stem erect or curving, armed with
very stout prickles ; leaflets 5-7, oval or obovatc, serrate, glandular beneath ;
flowers mostly solitary, on hispid peduncles; fruit obovate. (R. suavcolens,
Pursli.) — Waste places in the upper districts : introduced. Branches yellowish-
green. Leaves fragrant.

5. R. laevigata, Michx. (Cherokee Rose ) Stem long, trailing,
smooth, the branches armed with very stout and curved prickles ; leaves ever-
green, mostly trifoliolatc ; leaflets smooth and shining, lanceolate, the midrib his-
pid ; stipules deciduous ; flowers large, solitary, white ; calyx very bristly. —
Common in cultivation.

15. CRAT.a3GUS, L. Hawthorn.

Calyx urn-.shaped ; the limb 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, orbicular, concave.
Stamens few or many. Styles 1-5, di.stinct. Fruit fleshy, containing 1-5
bony nutlets. — Thorny shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, serrate or variously
lobed. Flowers white, axillary and solitary, or in corymbs terminating short
lateral branches. Stipules on the young branches linear, or lunate and ser-
rate.

* Corymbs compound, in(jni/-Jlownrd.
■*- Fruit small, not larfj<r than a jira.

1. C. Bpathulata, Michx. Young branches tomentose, otherwise nearly
smooth and glandless lliroughout ; leaves small, spatuiate, crciuitc at the sum-
mit; those on the young shoots larger and incisely lobed; calyx-lolws very
short ; styles .5 ; fruit very small, red. — River-banks, Florida to N«)rtb Carolina,
and west to Mississippi. April. — A small tree. Corymbs sometimes slightly
pubescent. Slipub-s lunate <ni the young branches.

ROSACK^. (rose family.) 127

2. C. apiifolia, Michx Young branches, leaves, and corj-mbs whitened
with soft hairs; leaves small, deltoid, pinnutely 5-7-lobcd, sharply toothed,
nearly smooth when old, truncate or cordate at the base ; styles 1-3, filiform ;
fruit globular, red. — River swamps, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.
March and April. — A small tree. Leaves ^'-l' long.

3. C. COrdata, Ait Young branches, leaves, and corymbs softly pubes-
cent, soon smooihish ; leaves large, deltoid-ovate, truncate or cordate at the
base, long-petiolcd, 3 - 5-lobcd and serrate ; spines slender ; fruit globose, red. —
KivcT-banks in the upper districts, Georgia, and northward. May and June. —
A small tree. Leaves 1 ' - 3' long. Styles 5.

4. C. arborescens, Ell. Smooth ; leaves thin, oval or elliptical, acute
at both ends, finely serrate, sometimes obscurely toothed nc.ir the apex, on slen-
der nearly glandless petioles ; corj'rabs veiy numerous ; styles ."j ; fiuit ovoid,
red. — Banks of rivers, Georgia and Florida, west to Mississippi. March and
April. — A small tree, with ash-colored branches. Spines stout or wanting.
Leaves l'-2' long, entire at the base, sometimes hairy in the axils of the veins
beneath.

■t- H- Pruit large (}/ - |' long) ; leaves, ^-c. mosth] glandular.

5. C. Crus-galli, L. Leaves thick, oblong-obovate, smooth, shining above,
finely serrate from near the glandless base ; those on the young branches some-
times sligltfly lobed ; spines long and stout, or sometimes wanting; coiymbs
smooth or nearly .'■o ; styles 1 -3 ; fruit pear-shaped or globose, red. — Woods,
Florida to ilississippi, and northward. April and May. — A slirub or small
tree.

6. C. COCCinea, L. Smooth; leaves thin, roundish-ovate, with 3-5 short
and sharply senate lobes on each side, abruptly naiTowed into the slender petiole,
strongly straight-veined ; those on the young branches often truncate or slightly
cordate at tlie base, and more strongly lobed ; spines stout ; styles 3 - 5 ; fruit
large, globose or pear-shajicd, bright red. (C. viridis, L. C. jiopulifolia. Ell.)
— Open dry woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. Ajjril and May. —
A shrub or small tree. Leaves 1'- 2' long, bright green.

7. C. tomentosa, L. Leaves large (3' -5' long), broadly ovate or oval,
finely senate, and slightly lobed above the middle, abruptly nanowed into a
short margined petiole, pubescent, especially beneath, the veins straight and
impressed ; corymbs large, tomentose ; styles 1 - 3 ; fmit pear-shaped, or-
ange-red.

Var. punctata, Gray. (C. punctata, ./acr/) Leaves smaller and smoother,
more strongly furrowed Ijy the impressed veins, and more tapering at the base ;
fruit glo!)ose, dull red, dotted with white. — Woods and swampy thickets in the
upper districts, Georgia and Alabama, and northward. Jlay. — A shrub or
small tree. Flowers and frait large.

* * Cori/mhs simple. 1 - 6-floicered.

8. C. aestivalis, Tom & Gray. Glandless ; leaves rigid, pubescent, be-
coming smooth above, and rusty-pubescent on the veins beneath, cuneate-
obovate, crcnaic above the middle, tapering into a short petiole ; corymbs

128 ROSACEiE. (rose FAMILY.)

amootli, 3-5-flo\vcrcd ; styles 4-.'); fruit large, globose, red. — Varies (C. lu-
cida, Ell.) with smaller {!'), thinner, and smooth leaves, wh'uh arc t;los.';y above.
— Mai-gins of piuc-barreii ponds, Florida to South Carolina, and westward.
Mareh and April. — A small tree. Leaves 2' - 3' long. Fruit juicy, edible.

9. C. flava, Ait. Glandular; leaves euneate-obovate, serrate and slightly
lobed near tlie apex, smooth, tapering into a short petiole ; torymhs smooth,
1 -4-flowea'd ; styles 4- 5 ; flowers and pear-shaped fruit large. — 8haily sandy
places. Florida to North Carolina, and westward. JIay. — Tree 1 j°- -0° high.
Leaves 2' -3' long. Fruit greenish-yellow.

10. C. glandulosa, Michx. Branchlcts, leaves, and corymbs whitened
with soft hairs ; leaves opacjuc, cnneate, entire or glandular-serrate, tapering into
a slender petiole, becoming smoothish ; those on the young branches ofien spar-
ingly lobcd ; corymbs 3-G-flowered, unilateral ; styles 5 ; fruit small, globose,
red. (C. elliptica, .i^<^) — Dry i)ine barrens, Florida to Soutli Carolina, and
westward. Ajjril. — A small tree, with coarse bark, and long recurved branches.
Leaves 1' long. Fruit 3" -4" long.

11. C. parvifolia, Ait. Leaves obovatc, scarcely pctioled, serrate, the
lower surface, like- t'.ie branchlets and calyx, pubescent ; spines numerous, long
and slender ; lowers mostly solitary ; calyx-lobes large, serrate ; styles .■> ; fruit
large, globose or ))ear-sha])cd, somewhat hairy. — Sandy .soil, Florida to Missis-
sippi, and northward. April and May. — A much branched slirub, C° - 5° high.
Leaves 1' long.

16. PYRUS, L. Pear. Apple.

Calyx urn-shaped, .5-cleft. Petals 5. St.amens numerous. Styles 2-5. Fruit
fleshy or baccate, containing 2-5 cartilaginous, 2 seeded carpels. — Trees or
shrubs. Flowers cymose or coiymbo.se.

* Lravcs simple, f/luiidular : fruit dcprf.txrd at the hase.

1. P. COronaria, L. Leaves on long and slender petioles, ovate, round-
ed, or slightly cordate at the bitsc, angled or lobed, sen-ate, smooth ; corymbs
simple, few-flowered; flowers ro.se-color, veiy fragrant ; styles woolly and united
at the base. — Kich soil in the upper districts, Mississippi to North Carolina, and
northward. April — A small tree. Ijcaves 2' - 3' long.

2. P. angustifolia, Ait. I>eaves lanceolate or oblong, acute nt the base,
serrate, sbort-petioK d ; corymbs simple, few-flowered; flowci-s rose-color, very
fragrant ; styles smooth, distinct. — Open woods, Florida to Mi.s.sissippi, and
northward. April. — A small tree. Fruit very sour.

* * r.nn-rit ahiijile, the midrilt </l(indid(ir alioi'fi : fruit Ixirratr, qldme..

3. P. arbutifolia, L. Leaves oval-oblong or somewhat ol ovate, abniptly
acute or mucroiiate, smooth above, except the midrib, flnely serrate ; styles vil-
lous at the t);ise.

Var. erythrocarpa. Stem tall (.')°-10O); bnmclilels, cvnies, nnd lower
surface of the lai-gc (2' -4') leaves tomcntosc and hoary ; petals and ;inthers red-
dish ; berries red. (Aronia arbutifolia, Ell.)

CALYCAXTIIACKyK. (cAROLIN A-AI-LSriCK I'AMILY.) 129

Var. melanocarpa. Stem low (-2°- 4°) ; linuiclilcts, cynics, and leaves
smootli or nearly so ; loaves small; petals wiiito ; berries Mack. (Aronia me-
lanocarpa, Ell.) — Swamps, Floritla to Mississippi, and northward. JIarch and
April.

* * * Leaves unrfjuallij pinnate : n/mcx compound : fruit harrir/y.

4. P. Americana, l^C. Leaflets 1.3-1.5, lanceolate, acuminate, .'scrrato
above the middle, soon smooth ; cymes large, dense ; berry small, jjlobosc or
pear-shaped, scarlet. (Sorhus microcarpa, Pursh.) — IIi;::]icst niointains of
North Carolina. Mar and June. — A shrub or small tree. Truit aci.l.

17. AMELANCHIER, Medic.

Calyx .'j-cleft. Petals .'), oblong. Stamens numerous, short. Styles .'5, raoro
or less united. Fruit baccate, containing 3-5 cartilaginous 2-secdcd carpels;
seeds separated by a false partition. — Shrubs or small trees, with simple
leaves, and white flowers in terminal racemes.

1. A. Canadensis, L, var. Botryapium, Torr. & Gray. Branches,
leaves, and racemes tomentose when young, soon smooth ; leaves ellii)tical, ab-
ruptly acute, finely and sliarply serrate, often slightly cordate ; racemes slender,
appearing before the leaves ; petals four times as long as the calyx ; fruit glo-
bose, purplish. (Aroni.i Botryapium, A7/. ) — Woods, Florida to Mississippi, and
northward. Febniary and March. — A small tree, with smooth wliitisli bark.

Var. rotundifolia, Torr. & Gray. Shrubby ; leaves roundish-oval, some-
what acuminate, sharply serrate; racemes 6- 10-flowered ; petals small, nar-
rowly oblong. (Aroiiia ovalis. Ell.) — Low grounds, chiefly in tlic upper dis-
tricts, Georgia and northward. March. — Shrub 2° - 3° high.

The cultivated representatives of this order arc the Pi.cm (Pnuxtrs domes-
Ticus, L ), ArnicOT (P. Aumexiaca, L.), Cherries (P. Avic.ii and P. Ce-
RASUS, //.), Peach (Persica vulgaris. Mill.), Apple (Pvri:s jialls, L.),
Pear (P. commlxis. L), Quince (Cydonia vulgaris, Pers.), and the
Almond (Amygdalus).

Order 49. CALYCANTHACE^. (Carolina-Allspice

Family.)

Shrubs, with opposite and entire leaves, -without stipules or pellucid
dots. — Sepals and petals numerous and alike, united below into an ob-
conical fleshy cup, imbricated in the bud. Stamens numerous, short,
inserted within the petals, the inner ones oflen sterile. Anthers adnata,
extrorse. Ovaries several, enclosed in the oalvx-tube, and inserted on
its inner face, becoming 1 -seeded achenia in fruit. Seeds aiiatropous,
without albumen. Cotyledons convolute.

130 MYRTACK.K. (mYRTLE FAMILY.)

1. CALYCANTHUS, L. Sweet-scexted Shrub.

Calyx-tuhc dosed, Icafy-hractcil ; the lobes and petals in several rows, lanceo-
late, somewhat fleshy Stamens deciduous. Mature fruit dry, pear-shaped,
enclosing the large achenia. — Aromatic shrubs, with opposite or forking branch-
es, short-pctioled deciduous leaves, and large brownish-purple terminal flowers.

1. C. floridus, L. Branchlcts, petioles, and peduncles hoary -pubescent ;
leaves oval or oblong, mostly acute or acuminate, very rough on the upper
surface, tomcntose and hoary beneath; sepals and ])Ctals lincar-lanccolatc, acute.

— Banks of streams in the upper districts, North Carolina to Mississippi. April.

— Shrub 4° - 8° high. Leaves 2' -3' long. Flowers 1' in diameter, very fra-
grant.

2. C. lOBvigatus, "Willd. Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles pubescent
or smoothish ; leaves oblong or elliptical, mostly acute or acuminate, rough on
the upper surface, paler and nearly smooth beneath ; sepals and petals linear-
lauceolate, acute. (0. inodorus, Ell, leaves very rough above, but shining;
flowers inodorous.) — Banks of streams, chiefly in the low country, Florida,
Georgia, and westward. March and April. — Shrub 4° -8° high. Leaves 2'-
3' long. Flowers 1 j' in diameter.

3. C. glauCUS, Willd. Branchlcts, petioles, and peduncles smooth ; leaves
large, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, green and roughish on the upper
Burfacc, smooth and glaucous beneatli ; flowers large, the sepals and petals lan-
ceolate, and abruptly sharp-pointed. — Low shady woods along tlic mountains
of Georgia and North Carolina. !May and June. — Slirub 6° -8° high. Leaves
rather ri^id, 4' -7' long. Flowers li'--' in diameter.

The PojiKURANATE (PuNiCA GiiANATUM, L.) bclongs to tlic allied order
Geanate.^:.

OnDF.K 50. MYRTACEy"E. (:\rYnTLF. Family.)

Trees or slirubs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, dotted and commonly
with an intra-marginal vein. Stipules none. — Calyx 4 - C-cleft, valvatc
in the bud, tiie tube adherent to the compound ovary. Petals 4-6,
inserted willi the numerous stamens on the throat of the calyx, sonu^timcs
wanting. Filaments long, free, or variously combined. Anthers introrsc,
roundish, longitudinally dehiscent. Style solitary. Seeds without albu-
men, fi.\ed to a central placenta.

1. EUGENIA, Michcli. Allspice.

Calyx-tnbo roundish, ibo limb 4-(left. Petals 4. Stamens distinct. Ovary
2 - 3-<ellc(l, with several ovules in each cell. Fruit baccate, roundish, 1 - 2-ccllcd,
I-2-Rccded. Cofyledons thick and united. Padielo very bhort. — Flowers
while, axiliiiry, solitary, cyniose, or clustered, 2-braeted.

HELASTOaiACE^. (melASTOMA FAMILY.) 131

* Flowers in axillary q/mcs.

1. E. diehotoma, DC. Leaves oblong-obovatc, obtuse or cmnrpinate,
rigid, and, like the branches, roughened with appressed liairs, at Icngtli smooth-
ish, tlic margins rcvolutc ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, 3 -"-(lowered,
the central flowers sessile ; calyx-tube obconical, 2-bractcd, downy and hoary.
the lobes roundish, spreading ; petals orbicular, ciliate ; stamens numerous. —
South Florida. — A small tree. Leaves 1' long. Branches compressed.

* * Flowers solilarij or vmhellate.

2. E. procera, Poir. Smooth; leaves ovate, tapering but oI)tusc at tlie
apex, abruptly contracted at the base into a short petiole ; peduncles solitaiy or
2-4 togetlier, filiform, not half the length of the leaves, 1 -flowered; calyx-tube
hemispherical; petals orbicular, ciliate ; beny globose, 1-secdcd. — South Flor-
ida. May. — A small tree. Leaves U'-2' long. Flowers conspicuous, white
and fragrant. Berry as large as a grain of pepper.

* * * Floicei's minute, in very short cluster-like racemes.

3. E. monticola, DC. Smooth; leaves coriaceous, ovate-oblong, some-
what tapering towards the apex, but obtuse or cmarginate, contracted at the base
into a distinct petiole ; racemes clustered, several-flowered, shorter than the peti-
ole ; stamens numerous ; berry globose. — South Florida. — Shrub 4° - G° high.
Brandies compressed. Leaves 2' long. Flowers white. Bcmes abundant, as
large as a grain of pepper, black.

4. E. buxifolia, Willd. ? Leaves smooth, coriaceous, obovatc-oblong,
rounded Jit the apex, short-petioled ; racemes single or clustered, few-flowered,
about as long as the petiole ; flowers minute ; stamens few (9 - 1 2) or numerous ;
berry 1 - 3-seeded. — South Florida. — Varies much in the size of the leaves and
berries, length of the petiole, and number of stamens, and probably includes two
or more species.

2. CALYPTRANTHES, Swartz.

Calyx-tube obovate ; the limb entire, opening across like a lid, deciduous.
Petals none. Stamens numerous. Ovary 2-3-ceUed, with 2 ovules in each
cell. BeiTV 1-celled, 1-4-seeded. Seeds roundish: testa smooth. Embryo
curved ; the long .nnd slender radicle coiled around the distinct unequal folded
and contorted cotyledons. — Shnxbs or trees. Peduncles axillary, many-flow-
ered.

1. C. Chytraculia, Swartz. Leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate but obtuse, pubescent, becoming smooth above ; peduncles longer than the
leaves, cymo«e-!);iniclod, tomcntose ; flowers minute; berry dry, globose, 1-2-
ceedcd. — South Florida. — A small tree.

Order 51. MELASTOMACE^. (Melastoma Family.)

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with opposite 3 - 9-ribbe(l leaves, -witbout dots
or stipules, and showy flowers. — Calyx urn-shaped, 4 - G-Iobed, persistent,

132 MIXASTOMACK.E. (mKLASTO.MA FAMILY.)

cohering witli the ovary below, or with its angles. Petals 4 - C, twisted in
the bud, inserted with the 4-12 stamens on the throat of the calyx. An-
thers adnate, often ajtpendaged, usually ojjening by terminal ])<)res. Ovary
3 - G-celled. Ovules numerous, attached to the central ])laci'nta;. Style
solitary. Fruit baccate and indehiscent, or capsular and loculicidally de-
hiscent. Seeds anatropous, -without albumen.

1. RHEXIA, L. Deer-Grass.

Calyx-tube prolong:cd and narrowed above the ovary, 4-rlcft. Petals 4, roond-
isli, dcci(hioii.s. Stamens 8. Antlicrs 1 -celled, opcniiij,' by a terminal jjore.
Capsule 4-cclled, many-seeded. — Perennial herbs. Leaves 3-5-ribbcd. Flow-
ers cyniose, terminal.

* Antlicrs long, linear, curving upvoard, saccate at the hase^ and commonlg furnished
with a bristle-like appendage at tlie insertion of the Jilamtnts : flowers purple or
whitish.

1. R. Mariana, L. Bristly; stem branched, terete or C-angled ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, sliort-pctiolcd, bristly serrate ; calyx mostly smooih, cylindri-
cal in flower, tlie neck in fruit as long as the globose capsular jionioii ; flowers
purolc. — Varies with narrower, often linear leaves, and smaller wliiti?li flowers.
(R. lanecolata, Walt) — Swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and nortliward. July
-Sept. — Stem l°-20 high. Leaves 3-ribbed. Flowers U'-2' wide, hairy
externally.

2. R. Virginica, L. Bristly; stem 4-angled, nearly sini])lc ; leaves ovate
and ovate-lanceolate, barely acute, sessile, bristly serrate, the lowest rounded ;
neck of the bristly fruiting calyx sliortcr tlian the capsular portion ; the lobes
ovate, acuminate. — Swamps, chiefly in the upper districts, Mississippi, and
northward. July and August. — Stem 6' -12' high. Leaves 3 - 5-ribbed.
Flowers purple.

3. R. Stricta, Pnrsh. Stem tall, smootli, 4-wingcd, bearded at tlic joints ;
leaves lanceolate and ovate-lanccolatc, acute or aciuninatc, ."i-ribbcd, bristly ser-
rate, sessile ; cyme comjjound ; calyx smootli, urn-slia])cd, the lobes laneeolatc.
— Margins of jionds in the pine barrens. Florida, Georgia, and westward. July
and August. — Stem 2° - 4° high. Leaves rugose, the lateral ribs obscure.
Flowers purple.

4. R. glabella, Michx. Stem terete, smooth, mostly simi)lc ; leaves
lanceolate, sessile, entire or slightly serrulate, thick, smooth and glaucous ; calyx
Rmooth or bristly ; flowers large, bright purple. — Low pine barivns, Florida to
North Carolina, and west to Mississippi. June -August. — Root spongy. Stem
2°- 3° iiigh. Leaves sweetish.

* * A nihers short, Mong, erect, not appcndagrd : ticcL' of the calgr short.
■<- Flowers pur/tlc : leaves small, orate or roundish, hrlstlg sirnilalr.

5. R. ciliosa, Michx. Stem simple, smooth, 4-angled above ; leaves bristly
on the upper snifice, 3-ribbcd ; cyme few-flowered, h'afy ; caly.x smooth. —
Bogs in the jiine barrens, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July and

LYTIIRACKiE. (loosestrife FAMILY.) 133

August. Stem l°-li° high. Leaves rarely 1' long. Flowers l'-l|' in
diameter.

6. R. serrulata, Natt. Low ; stem simple, 4-angleil, smooth ; leaves
imootli above ; calyx glandular-bristly ; cyme leafy, 1 -6-flo\vcreil. — Open flat
pine barrens, near the coast, Florida, Georgia, and westward. July and August.
— Stem 2' -C liigli Leaves and flowers smaller than in the pi-cceding.

■f- -t- Flowers yellow.

7. R. lutea, Walt. Stem at length much branched, 4-anglcd, bristly ;
leaves smoot!ii>li, bristly serrulate, the lower ones obovate and obtuse, the upper
lanceolate and acute ; cymes numerous ; calyx short and smooth ; flowers
small. — Pine-biUTcn swamps, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. July
and August. — Stem 1° high. Petals more persistent than those of the other
species.

Ordeu 52. LYTIIRACE^. (Loosr.sTniFE Family.)

Chiefly herbs, witli opposite or whorleJ and entire loaves, williout stip-
ules. Flowers mostly axillary. — Calyx tubular, persistent, t - 7-toothed,
free from the 2 -4H'elk'.d ovary. Petals as many as the tcetli of the calyx
and inserted into its throat, deciduous, sometimes Avanting. Stamens as
many as tlie petals, or 2-4 times as many, inserted below tlic petals.
Anthers short, introrse. Style solitary. Capsule enclosed in the calyx,
1-4-celled, few or many-seeded. Placenta; central. Seeds anatropous,
without albumen. — Sinuses of the calyx often appcndaged. Stigma capi-
tate, or rarely 2-Iobed.

Synopsis.

» Calyx regular.
L IIYPOBUYCIITA. Calyx hemispherical. Petals none. Stigma 2-lol)ca. Capsule S-celleA

2. AMMANNIA. Calyx cauipanulate. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celleJ.

3. LYTIIIIL'M. Cal.\x cjliodrical, striate. Capsule oblong, 2K;ellpa.

4. NF.S.y.A. Calyx short, even. Capsule globose, 3- 5-celled. Suiuiens 10.

* * Calyx gibbous at the bafc.
6. CUPIIEA. Calyx tubular, 12-ribbed. Stamens mostly 12. Capsule early ruptured.

1. HYPOBRYCHIA, M. A. Curtis.

Calyx hemispherical or campanulate, 4-lobcd. Petals none. Stamens 2-4.
Style very sliort : stigma 2-Iobcd. Capsule globose, 2-cellcd. — A submerged
aquatic herb, witli long filiform stems, opposite crowded pellucid linear leaves,
and minute sessile axillary flowers.

1. H. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray. — Ponds and still water, "West Florida to
North Carolina, and westward. June -Aug. — Stems I*' -2° long. Leaves 1'
long, acute. Flowers not larger than a pin's head.
V 12

134 LYTIIUACIwE. (loosestrife FAMILY.)

2. AMMANNIA, Houston.

Calyx globular or campanulatc, 4-angled, 4-toothecl, the sinu«es commonly
fomished with a small liora-shapcd appendage. Petals 4, small, deciduous,
sometimes wanting. Stamens 4, short. Stigma capitate. Capsule glolmlar,
4-celled, many-soided. — Low smooth annual herbs, with opposite leaves, and
solitary or dusteixd axillary fiowei-s.

1. A. humilis, Michx. Stem branching from the base ; leaves lanceolate,
tapering into a jjctiole ; flowers solitary ; style very short ; petals 4, purplish. —
Varies with the leaves dilated and somewhat cordate at the base, and the lower
flowers clustered. (A. ramosior, Michx ) — Ditches and muddy places, Florida
to Mississi])i)i, and northward. August and September. — Stem 6'- 12' high.

2. A. OCCidentalis, DC- Stem nearly simple, ascending, rooting at the
base ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole ; flowers solitary, apetaious ;
calyx 8-tootlied.

Var. pygmSBa. Stem very short {h'-l' long); sinuses of the calyx ap-
pcndaged, emarginate, as long as the teeth ; style short. — Key West, Dr.
Blodjett. — Leaves obtuse. Stem 1 - 6-flowered. "

3. LYTHRUM, L. Loosestrife.

Calyx cylindrical, striate, 4 - 7-toothed, usually with minute appendages in the
sinuses. Petals 4-7. Stamens as many as the petals, or twice as many, in-
serted on the lower part of the calyx, nearly equal. Capsule oblong, 2-ccllcd,
many-seeded. — Herbs, with opposite or alternate leaves, and axillary purple or
whitish flowers.

1. L. alatum, Pursli. Smooth; stem and virgato branches 4-angled;
leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, opposite, the uppermost alternate, and
shorter than the flowers ; petals and stamens 6. — Varies with branches shorter,
leaves larger (2' long), broadly lanceolate, sometimes whorlcd, the uj)i)i>rinost
twice as long as the calyx. (L. lanceolatum. Ell.) — Swam])s and river-banks,
Florida and northward. July- September. — Stem 2° -4° high. Flowers
violet-purple.

2. L. lineare, L. Smooth ; stem 4-anglcd, much branched ; leaves all
opposite, linear ; flowers small, whitish ; jx'tals and stamens 6. — Brackish
marshes, Florida and northward. August — Stem 2° - 4° high. Calyx-teeth
short.

4. NESJEA, Commerson.

Calyx hemisphorical or campanulatc, with 4-7 eirct teeth, and as many longer
and spreading horn-like appendages in the sinuses. Petals 4-7. Stamens
twice as many as the petals. Capsule globose, 3 -4-celled. — Pen'nnial herbs
or shnibby pl.ints, with oj)positc or whorled leaves, and elustcnd pidicelled
flowers in their axils.

1. N. verticillata, II.IVIC Slimliby; stems pubescent, recurved; len\TS
oj)posite and whorled, lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; peduncles slioit, 3 or

Riiizoriioi:ACi:-E. (mangrove family.) 135

scvcral-flowcrcil ; petals 5, showy ; stamens 10, the alternate ones shorter.
(Dcfodoii venic-illatuni, Ell.) — Marshes and margins of ponds, I'lorida and
northward. August. — Stems 3° - 4° long. Flowers purple.

5. CUPHEA, Jaeq.

Calyx" tabular, 12-ribhe(l, gibbous or spuiTcd at the base on the upper side,
6-tootIied, ami usually with as many little appendages in the sinuses. Totals 6,
unequal. Stamens 11-12, unequal. Ovary with a gland at tlie base next the
spur of the calyx. Style filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 1 - 2-celled, fow-
seedcd. — Chiefly herbs, with branching stems and purplish flowers.

1. C. viscosissima, Jaeq. Annual, dammy-pubesecnt ; leaves thin, op-
posite, ovato-lamcolaty, long-petioied, rough ; flowers nearly sessile, borne be-
tween the petioles, solitary ; petals violet-j^uqile ; stamens 12. — Upper districts
of Georgia, and northward. August. — Stem 1° high.

2. C. aspera, n. sp. Perennial; muricate-hispid and clammy ; leaves 3-4
in a whorl, lanceolate, nearly sessile ; peduncles longer than the leaves, borne
between the petioles (whorlcd) ; petals white or pale-purple; stamens 11. — Low
pine barrens, St Josepli's, Florida. Stem l°-li° high. Leaves I'long, rigid:
Root bearin": small tubers.

The CRArio Myrtle (L.vGEKSTR<EiiiA Indica, L.), originally from Eastern
Asia, is common in cultivation.

Order 53. RHIZOPIIORACE^. (Mangrove Fa^.iiey.)

Trees or shrubs, growing in maritime swamps, with opposite, entire, co-
riaceous leaves, and deciduous stipules between the petioles. — Calyx
united with the ovary, 4 - 1 •2-lobed, valvate or lid-like in the bud. Petals
as many as the calyx-lobes and alternate with them. Stamens twice or
several times as many as the petals, and inserted with them on the calyx.
Ovary 2-celled with the cells 2-ovuled, or 1-celled and scveral-ovuled.
Ovules pendulous. Fruit 1-celIed, indehiscent. Albumen none. Radicle
elongated.

1. RHIZOPHORA, L. Mangrove.

Calyx-tube obovate, the limb 4-lobcd, persistent. Petals 4, oblong, cmargi-
nate, enfolding the alternate stamens in the bud, woolly on the margins. Sta-
mens 8. Anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit encircled above tho
base by the persistent calyx-lobes, at length perforated at the apex by the radicle
of the germinating embryo. — Flowers axillary, showy.

1. R. Mangle, L. Leaves obovate-oblong ; peduncles 2- 3-flowcrcd ; ger-
minating embryo clavate ; flowers pale yellow. — Shallow muddy shores, South
Florida, forming dense low thickets.

13G combuetacejE. (combretum family.)

Order 51. COMBRETACEiE. (Combretum Family.)

Tropical trees or shrubs, -with entire cxstipulatc leaves, and axillary
spiked or capitate flowers. — Calyx-tube coherent with the 1 -celled, 2-5-
ovuled ovary ; the limb 4 - 5H'left, mostly deciduous. Petals 4-5, often
wanting. Stamens 4- 15, inserted with the petals on the calj.x. Style
slender: stigma simple. Fruit drupaceous or baccate, or dry and indehis-
cent, often winged. Seed solitary, suspended, anatropous, without albu-
men. Cotyledons convolute or variously folded.

1. LAGUNCULARIA, Gicrt.

Flowers in spikes. Calyx-tube obconic.al, tlio linih 5-partC(l, obtuse, persist-
ent. Petals 5, minute. Stamens 10. Style subulate ; stigma capitate. Ovary
1-celIed, 2-ovulecl. Drupe coriaceous, cuneate-oliovate, coin])resscd, angled,
l-secdc(l. Seeds germinating in tlic drupe. Cotyledons convolute. Kadicle
elongated. — Maritime shrubs, with opposite elliptical smooth and fleshy leaves,
on bi^^landular petioles, and small flowers, in sinijile or compound axillary and
terminal spikes.

1. L. racemosa, Gan-t. Spikes erect, ri^^id, Iioary-tomento«e, the lateral
ones solitary, the terminal ones in threes, sim])leor branched ; flowers scattered ;
calyx-tubc obconical, fiuTOwed, wing-angled in fruit. — Soutli Florida. Jane
to Aug. — A shrub or small tree, with the habit of the Mangrove.

2. L. glabriflora, Prcsl. Spikes spreading, slender, smooth, the lateral
ones in pairs, the tLrniinal ones in threes or fours; flowers minute, crowded,
deciduous ; calyx-tube cup-shaped, terete, even, with two o])i)Osite bractlets ap-
prcssed lo sides. — Eanks of the JManitec River, Soutli^Florida, liiif/el. Juno. —
Perhaps a t^terilc form of tiie preceding.

2. CONOCARPUS, Gxrt.

Flowers densely crowded in a globular head. Calyx-tube about as long as
the compressed 2-ovuled ovary ; the limb 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals none. Sta-
mens 5-10, cxsertcd. Anthers cordate. Fruit coriiu,'eous, scale-like, closely
imbricated and indchisccnt. Cotyledons convolute. — Trees or sinubs, with
alternate entire and somewliat fleshy leaves. Heads of flowers spiked or paniclcd.

1. C. erecta, Jacq. Ikanchlets angular, smooth; leaves smooth, oblouf:
or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, narrowed into a bifrlandular i>eliolc ; heads of
flowers sessile, or on short and spreading pedicels ; cone of fruit ovoid. — Var.
RERicKA, DC. Branehes, leaves, and panicles silky and hoary; lowest Icavcj
mostly obovnfe and obtuse or cmarpinate ; ovary abortive. — Sandy seashore,
Tampa IJav, Florida, nnd southward. Janiiarv and Fcbninrv. — A shrub or
Fmall tree. I.icavc» 2' - 4' long. Heads of IVuii 3" - 6" long. Flowers grceninh,
minute.

ONAGKACE^. (eVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY.) 137

3. TERMINALIA, L.

Flowers in spikes, often polyi,^unous. Limb of the calyx deciduous, bell-
shaped, 5-cIcft, with the lobes acute. Petals none. Stamens 10, in 2 rows,
longer than the calyx. Ovary 2-3ovuled. Style filiform. Drupe dry and
indchiscent, 1-sccded. Seed almond-like. Cotyledons spirally convolute. —
Trees or shrubs, with mostly alternate leaves, which arc crowded at the summit
of the branches.

1 . T. Catappa, L. Leaves short-petioled, softly pubescent when young,
at length smoothish, obovate, wedge-shaped but truncated or slightly cordate at
the base, with a depressed gland on each side of the midrib near the base ; spikes
very slender, shorter than the leaves, the upper flowers sterile ; drupe ovate, acute,
compressed, with the margins somewhat winged. — South Florida. — A large ti'ce.
Leaves 4' -8' long. Flowers minute, pale green.

Order 55. ONAGRACEiE. (Evening-Primrose Family.)

Calyx adherent to the ovary, and often produced into a tube beyond it,
2-6-lobed, valvatc in the bud. Petals as many as the lobes of the calyx,
inserted into its throat, convolute in the bud, sometimes wanting. Stamens
as many or twice as many, inserted with the petals. Ovary 2 - 4-celled.
Placenta central. Style solitary : stigma capitate or 2 - 4-lobed. Cap-
sule loculicidally dehiscent or indeliiscent. Seeds anatropous, with little
or no albumen. — Chiefly herbs.

Suborder I. ONAGRACE^. Styles slender. Fruit 4-valved
(indehiscent in Gaura). Seeds attached to a central placenta, "without
albumen.

* Calyx-tube produced beyond the ovary.

1. GAURA. Capsule nut-like, indehiscent, l-4-8ceded.

2. (ENOTHERA. Capsule 4-valved, many-seeded.

* * Calyx-tube not produced beyond the ovary.

3. EPILOBIUM. Stamens 8. Petals 4. Seeds comose.

4. JUSSLEA. Stamens 8-12. Petals 4 -6. Capsule long. Seeds naked.

5. LUDWTGIA. Stamens 4. Petals 4, or none. Capsule short, many-seeded.

6. CIRC.SA. Stamens 2. Capsule obovate, 1-2-seeded.

Suborder II. HALORAGEtE. Styles very short or none. Fruit
indeliiscent. Seeds suspended, solitary in each cell. Albumen thin. —
Flowers minute, axillary.

7. PROSERPINACA. Flowers perfect. Stamens 3. Capsule 3-angled.

8. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 4 -8. Capsule 4-angled.

1. GAURA, L.

Calyx-tube much produced beyond the ovary, the limb 3 - 4-lobed, reflexed,
deciduous. Petals 3-4, clawed, unequal or turned to the upper side. Stamens
12*

138 ONAGRACE^. (eVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

6-8. Style declined : stigma 4-lobed. Ovary 3-4-cellcd. Fruit 3 - 4-angled,
mostly 1 -celled, 1 -4-seeded. — Herbs with alternate leaves, and white or purple
flowers in a loug-peduneled raceme or spike.

1. G. biennis, L. Soft-hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, be-
coming smoothish, wavy-denticulate on the margins; petals spatulate, white;
fruit obtusely 4-angled, acuminate at both ends, sessile. — Dry ?oil, Georgia to
Tennessee, and northward. July and August. (2, — Stem 3° - 8° high. Spikes
compound.

2. G. angUStifolia, Michx. Stem simple, or spanngly branched, closely
pubescent ; leaves laiuioiate, acute, coarsely-toothed, often blotched with pui^jle ;
the uppermost linear and nearly entire ; fruit nearly sessile, acute at both ends,
sharply 3 -4-angled. — Dry old fields and sandy places near tiie coast, Florida to
North Carolina, and westward. June - August © — Stem 2° - 3° high.
Flowers white.

3. G. filipes, Spach. Pubescent and somewhat hoary, becoming smooth-
ish ; stem slender, paniculately branched ; leaves linear, toothed, wavy ; fruit
ovoid, obtuse, sharply 4-angIed, on slender pedicels. — Dry pine barrens, Florida
to South Carolina, and westward. July - Sept. @ ? — Stem 2° - 3° high, very
leafy.

2. CENOTHERA, L. EvENixG-rniMROSE.

Calyx-tube produced beyond the ovary ; the limb 4-lobcd, rcflexed and decid-
uous. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Stigma 4-lobed. Capsule 4-valved, many-seeded.
— Herbs, with alternate leaves, and axillary or racemose chiefly yellow flow-
ers. Pollen-grains triangular, connected by cobwebby hairs.

* Capsule ajlindiical, sessile: flowers expanding at night : annuals or biennials.

1. CE. biennis, L. Hairy, hirsute, or smoothish ; stem tall, often simple ;
leaves lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, acute, wavy and toothed or seiTate on the
margins ; the earliest ones sometimes pinnatifid ; spikes leafy, at length elon-
gated ; calyx-tube longer than the lobes ; flowers large. (CE. muricata, Pursh.
CE. grandiflora, >4/V.) — Fields and waste places, everywhere. June -Sept. —
Stem 2° - 4° high. A'^aries greatly in jiubescencc and size of the flower.

2. CE. sinuata, L. Hairy or downy ; stems ascending or diH'usc ; leaves
oblong, pinnatcly lobed, the lowest pinnatifid; flowers small, axillary; calyx
and capsule hairy. I'asses through several intenncdiate forms into Var. HUMI-
FD.SUM, Torr. &, CJray. Stems prostrate, hoary ; leaves small, lanceolate, spar-
ingly toothed or entire. — Fields and waste jjlaces, common ; the variety in
drifting sand along the coast. May - Sept. — Stems 2' - 2° high.

♦ * Capsule obovate or davatc, furrowed, and more or less pidunr.lcd : Jlouirs ex-
jianding in sunshine.

3. CE. glauca, Mi<hx. Smooth and somewhat glaucous ; leaves sessile,
oblong-ovate, wavy-denticulate, acute; racemes few-flowend, leafy; (lowers
large ; cap«ule ovoid.f)bloTig, 4-wingcd, tajx-ring into ii short p( trK-cl. ((E.
Frascri, Pursh.) — Mmintains of Georgia, North Carolina, and 'rennessee. May

ONAGRACE.E. (r.VEMNG-rUlMUOSK FAMILY.) 139

-July. U— Stem branching, 2° -3° high. Leaves 2'-^' long. Flowers 2'
in diameter.

4. CE. riparia, Nutt. Stem slightly pubescent, very leafy ; leaves linear-
laiiouohue, remotely denticulate, narrowed into a short petiole ; raceme short,
leafy at the base, elongated in fruit ; flowers large ; capsule oblong-clavate, dis-
tinctly pedicelled, slightly 4-wingcd, with 4 strong intermediate ribs. — Swamps
and river-banks, Florida and northward. June and July. (2) — Stem 2° - 3°
high. Leaves 2' -4' long, pubescent on the midrib and margins. Flowers 2' in
diameter.

5. CE. fruticosa, L. Hairy or smoothish ; stem mostly simple ; leaves
laiucolate, commonly wavy and remotely denticulate on the margins ; raceme at
first corymb-like, at length elongated ; flowers large ; capsule 4-winged, with in-
termediate ribs, oblong-clavate, longer than the pedicel. — Fields, Mississipi)i to
North Carolina, and northward. June -Sept. y. — Stem 1° -2° high. Flow-
ers I'- 2' in diameter.

6. CE. linearis, Mich.x. Stem slender, smooth below, pubescent above ;
the young branches hoary ; lowest leaves obovate ; the others linear-lanceolate,
entire or sparingly denticulate ; raceme short, many-flowered, leafy ; capsule ob-
ovate, 4-winged, with conspicuous intermediate ribs, mostly shorter than the
pedicel. — Dry light soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. April - June.

— Stem 1° - 1^° high. Flowers 1' in diameter.

7. CE. pumila, L. Low, smoothish ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; raceme
leafy ; flowers small ; capsule oblong-obovate, 4-wing-angled, nearly sessile. —
Mountains of Georgia and Carolina, and occasionally also around dwellings in
the low country, from seeds introduced in Northern hay. June. — Stem 6'- 12'
high. Flowers ^' in diameter.

8. CE. linifolia, Nutt. Low, smoothish ; stem at length much branched ;
leaves very numerous, linear-filiform, the lowest spatulate ; raceme pubescent,
few-flowered ; bracts shorter than the ovarj' ; flowers small ; lobes of the stigma
coherent into a globular head ; capsule obovate, 4-angled, nearly sessile. —
Gravelly hills, near Scott's mill, Wan-en County, Georgia, and westward. June.

— Stem 6' - 12' high. Flowers 4" - .5" in diameter.

3. EPILOBIUM, L. Willow-Herb.

Calyx-tube not prolonged beyond the ovary; the limb 4-eleft, deciduous.
Petals 4. Stamens 8. Capsule elongated, many-seeded. Seeds with a tuft of
Iflng hairs at the apex. — Perennials, with alternate and opposite denticulate
leaves, and chiefly white or puiple flowers.

1. E. angUStifolium, L. Stem tall, simple, smoothish ; leaves alternate,
lanceolate, entire or wat-y on the margins, paler beneath ; racemes elongated,
bracted ; flowers showy ; petals obovate, pnrple ; stigma 4-lobed ; capsule and
calyx hoary-tomentose. (E. spicatum. Lam.) — Mountains of North. CaroUua
and northward. July. — Stem 3°- 6° high.

140 ONAGUACE.E. (eVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

2. E. COloratum, Muhl. Stem smoothish, much branrhcd ; leaves mostly
opposite, laiHiolato or ovate-lanceolate, denticulate; raceme leafy ; flowers small,
reddish; petals 2-cloft ; stigma clavatc ; capsule downy. (E. tetragonum, PA ,
Ell.) — Swamps in the upper districts, Mississippi to North Carolina, and north-
ward. August. — Stem 10-2° high.

3. E. palustre, L., var. lineare, Gray. Stem pubescent, branching
above ; leaves linear, slightly denticulate, the lower ones opposite ; raceme
leafy ; flowers small, white or rose-color ; stigma clavate ; capsule hoary. —
Mountains of North Carolina, and northward. August. — Stem l°-2° high.

4. JUSSI^A, L.

Calyx-tube long, 4-angled or cylindrical, not prolonged beyond the ovary ; the
limb 4-6-lobcd, persistent. Petals 4-6. Stamens 8-12. Capsule mostly
elongated, 4 - 6-cclled, many-seeded, opening irregularly at the sides. — Marsh
herbs, with alternate leaves, and axillary yellow flowers.

1. J. leptocarpa, Nutt. Hairy; stem erect, at length much branched;
leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers small ; calyx-lobes mostly 6, as long as the
petals ; capsule linear, cylindrical, much longer than the pedicel. — Marshes,
Florida, and westward. June -Sept. (i; — Stem 2° -5° high. Capsule \y
long, slightly curved.

2. J. grandiflora, Michx. Hairy; stem creeping at the base; leaves
lanceolate, acute ; flowers large ; calyx-lobes 5, half as long as the petals ; ovary
(rarely maturing) rather shorter than the pedicel. — Marshes, South Carolina,
and westward. May -August. IJ. — Stem 2° -3° long. Flowers 2' in diam-
eter. Capsule cylindrical.

3. J. decurrens, DC. Smooth; stem erect, branched, wing-angled;
leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx-lobes 4, nearly as
long as the petals; stamens 8; capsule 4-angled, oblong-clavatc. (Ludwigia
decurrens, Ell) — Ditches, &c., Florida to North Carolina, and westward. July-
Sept. ® — Stem 6' - 3° high.

5. LUDWIGIA, L. Seed-box.

Calyx-tube 4-angled or cylindrical, mostly short, not ])rolongcd beyond the
ovary. Petals 4, roundish or obcordate, often wanting. Siaiiicns 4. Style
short. Stigma capitate. Capsule variously dehiscent, 4-celled, many-seeded. —
Perennial and mostly stoloniferous marsh herbs, with entire leaves, and yellow
flowers.

* Capsule niliirnl, imlfliisrpnt, rlisrhnrtjituj the srpdx throuqh a renlrnl jwre of the
convf.r disk : calyx-lolirs drridnous : petals laiye : stamens and sli/le slender : leaves
alternate. : Jlown's pedieelUd.

1. L. alternifolia, L. Smoothish; stem much branched ; leaves lanceo-
late, ohoif-p'tio'cd, acute; calyx-lobes spreading, about as long as the ]ietals;
capsule large, wing-angled. (L. macrocarjja, Mirhi.) — Shady swamps, Florida

ONAGRACEyE. (EVENING-rUI.MUOSE FAMII.Y.) 141

to Mississippi, and northward. August. — Stem 2° - 3"^ hit^h. Flowers axillary,
or the upjier ones somewhat raecmed.

2. L. virgata, Michx. Tomentosc ; stem slender, simple, or hranehing
from the base ; leaves obtuse, sessile, the lowest oblong, the uppermost linear ;
flowers in elongated leafy racemes ; petals twice as long as the reflexed ealyx-
lobcs ; capsule strongly 4-angled. — Low pine barrens, sometimes in rather dry
places, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. July and August. — Stem
2° -3° high. Varies considerably in pubescence, and size of the flowers and
capsule.

3. L. hirtella, Raf. Hairy ; stem slender, simple or sparingly branched ;
leaves short, lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, sessile and rounded at the base; flow-
ers axillary ; petals twice as long as the erect or spreading calyx-lobes ; capsule
strongly angled. (L. pilosa, Ell.) — Flat pine barrens, Florida to ^lississippi,
and northward. August. — Stem 2° - 3° high.

* * Valves of the capsule sejxiruting from the concave disk, and iiTegularly from the
persistent partitions and placenta : culijx-lobes persistent : petals small or noiie : sta-
mens and style short : stems erect or ascending : leaves alternate : flowers sessile.
-I— Petals conspicuous.

4. L. linearis, "Walt. Smooth; stem (l°-3° high) virgately much
branched; leaves linear, acute; flowers small; capsule clavate-oblong, with. 4
rounded angles, 2-3 times as long as the triangular-ovate calyx-lobes. — Ditch-
es and ponds, Florida to IMississippi, and northward. July - Sept. — Bark at
the base of the stem spongy.

.'). L. linifolia, Poir. Smooth; stem low (C- 12'), creeping at the base,
branching ; leaves linear or linear-spatulate, often obtuse ; capsule linear-cylin-
drical, rather longer tlian the lanceolate calyx-lobes. — Ditches and swamps in
the low country, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. July - Sept.

■1— -1— Pet(tls minute or leant ing.

6. L. cylindrica, Ell. Smooth ; stem angled above, often much branched ;
leaves long, lanceolate, obscurely denticulate, acute, tapering into a petiole ;
petals none ; capsules axillary, often clustered, cylindrical or obscurely 4-side(l,
many times longer than the small calyx-lobes. — Swamps, Florida to Soutli
Carolina, and westward. July -Sept. — Stem mostly bushy, 2° -3° hi^'h.
Leaves 3' -4' long.

7. L. pilosa, Walt. Tomentosc ; stem stout, terete, much branched ; leaves
sessile, lanceolate or oblong, acute; flowers in dense terminal si)ik.es; petals
mostly wanting ; capsule globose - 4-sided, about as long as the spreading ealvx-
lobes. (L. mollis, £■//.) — Ditches and ponds near the coast, Floritbi to North
Carolina, and westward. July- Sept. — Stem 2° -3° high, the branches spread-
ing. Capsule whitish.

8. L. sphserocarpa. Ell. Smooth or slightly pubescent ; stem slender,
angled above, short-branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; flowers very
small, axillary ; petals none ; capsule globose, pubescent, as long as the calyx-
lobes. — Margins of ponds, Florida to Mississippi, and northward, not common.
July -Sept.— Stem 2° -3° high. Capsule l"-2" long.

142 ONAGRACE.1;. (KVENING-nUMROSE FAMILY.)

9. Ii. capitata, Miclix. Rmootli ; stem mostly simple, slender, angled
above ; leaves louy, laneeolate, acute, sessile, tlie lowest ones broader and ob-
tuse ; flowers in a eonipact oblong or ovate head, the lower ones sometimes
scatteR'd ; petals minute, mostly wanting ; capsule obtusely 4-angled, somewhat
narrower at the base, longer than the calyx -lobes. — Wet pine barrens, Florida
to North Carolina. July and August. — Stem 2° - 3° high.

10. L. lanceolata, Ell. ? Smooth ; stem stout, terete, at length mu( h
branched ; leaves lanceolate, sessile ; flowers very numerous, in all the axils,
green ; petals none ; capsule cubical, with the sides flat and the angles mar-
gined, twice as long as the calyx-lobes; seeds cylindrical. — Ponds and swamps
in the pine barrens, Florida and Georgia. July -Sept. — Stem l°-2° Ligl..
Flowers small.

11. L. alata, Ell. Smooth; stem slender, simple or sparingly bran(he<l
near the summit, strongly angled ; leaves cuneate-luneeolate, obscurely denticu-
late; flowers few, near the summit of the branches, white ; petals none ; capsule
cubic-obconical, ■with concave sides and winged angles, as long as the calyx-
lobes ; seeds ovoid. — Brackish marshes, Florida to North Carolina, and west-
ward. July and August. — Stem 2° - 3° high.

12. L. micl'OCarpa, ^liehx. Smooth; stem low, crecjnng at the base,
3-angled, mostly simple ; leaves spatulate-obovate ; jtetals none ; capsule mi-
nute, cubic-obconical, shorter than the calyx-lobes. — Muddy places, Florida to
North Carolina, and westward. July and August. — Stem C- 12' high. Cap-
sule scarcely larger than a pin's head.

* * * Stems creeping : leaves opposite.
•t- Petals none.

13. L. palustris, I'lll- Smooth ; stems diffuse ; leaves obovate, tapering
into a long petiole ; capsule oblong or obconical, oiiscurely 4-sided, longer than
the calyx-lobes. — Ditches and muddy places, common. June- Sept. — Stems
6'- 12' long.

14. L. spathulata, Ton-. & Gray. Pubescent and somewliat hoarj- ;
leaves sjiatulate-ohovato ; capsule ovoid ; otherwise like the j)reeeding. — Mar-
gins of pine-barren ponds, ^Middle Florida. Jufy and August.

4- -1- Petals 4.

15. L. natans, Ell. Smooth; stems diflusc ; leaves obovate, ncutish, ta-
])ering into a long ])Ctiolc ; flowers short-pedicelled ; petals roundish, as long as
the lobes of the calyx ; capsule ol)tuseIy 4-angled, narrowed at the ba.so. —
Marshes and margins of streams, Florida to North Carolina, and westward.
July- Sept. — ]{esenii)les No. 13, but is every way larger.

IC. L. arcuata, AValt. Smooth; leaves laneeolate, narrowed at the base,
acute ; flowers on ])edun<les usually longer than the leaves, 2-bracted at the
base ; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, shorter than the obovate jx'tals ; cnpsulc cla-
vatc, curved. — Muddy margins of ponds, Hn:., Florida to North Carolina. July.
— Stems 4' - 8' long.

ONAGRACEiE. (eVEMXG PRIMROSE FAMILY.) 143

6. CIRC-EA, Toum.

Calyx-tubo slightly produced beyond the ovary, the limb 2-clcft, dcciduoas.
Petals 2, obcordate. Stamens 2. Style filiform. Capsule ohovate, I - 2-cellcd,
1 - 2-seeded, bristly wntli hooked hairs. — Perennial herbs, with opjjosite petioled
leaves, and small white or rose-colored flowers in loose terminal racemes.

1. C. Lutetiana, L. Minutely puliesccnt ; leaves ovate, acuminate, slipjht-
ly toothed, usually loiii;er than the petioles ; bracts none ; capsule hispid. —
Damp shades along the mountains, Georgia and northward. July. — Stem
l°-2° high, tumid at the joints. Fruit reflexed. Flowers reddish-white.

2. C. alpina, L. Smooth; stem low (3' -8'); leaves cordate, coarsely
toothed, as long as the petioles; pedicels minutely bracted; capsule hairy. —
With the preceding.

7. PROSERPINACA, L.

Calyx-tube 3-sided, 3-lobed. Petals none. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3. Fruit
bony, 3-anglcd, 3-ccllcd, 3-sceded. — Herbs with pinnately dissected leaves, and
minute axillary greenish flowers.

1. P. palustris, L. Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate, the submerged
ones pectinate. — Ponds and ditches, Florida to Mississippi, and northward.
June- August. — Stem 1° - 1^° long, ascending or floating.

2. P. pectinaeea, Lam. Leaves all pectinate, the divisions filiform ;
fruit rugose. — With the preceding. — Stem 3'- 12' long.

8. MYRIOPHYLLTJM, Vail. Water-Milfoil.

Flowers monoecious or polygamous. Calyx 4-parted in the sterile flowers, 4-
toothed in tlie fertile ones. Petals 4 or none. Stamens 4 or 8. Stigmas 4,
recurved. Fruit bony, 4-cellcd, 4-lobcd, indeliiscent. — Aquatic perennial herbs,
with the submerged leaves pinnately divided into filiform or capillary segments,
and commonly whorled. Flowers minute in the axils of the upper leaves ; the
uppermost sterile.

* Stamens 8 : fruit even or wartij.

1. M. laxum, Shuttl. Stem long, slender; leaves 4 in a whorl ; the floral
ones reduced to minute nearly entire spatulate bracts, shorter than the flowers,
which thus form an interrupted almost naked spike; fruit roughened witli mi-
nute warts, with the lobes obtuse. — Ponds and lakes, Middle and West Florida.
— July.

2. M. verticillatum, L. Leaves in whorls of 3 -4, the floral ones linear,
pectinately toothed, much longer than the flowers; fruit smooth. — Still water,
Florida, and northward. July. — Stem 2° - 4° long, stouter than the last.

* * Stamens 4 : fruit ridged and rowjhened.

3. M. heterophyllum, Michx, Stem thick; leaves 4-6 in a whorl,
the floral ones crowded, ovate or lanceolate, finely and sharply serrate ; the lower

144 CACTACK/K. (cactus FAMILY.)

ones piimatifid ; fruit slightly rouylicncd. — Ponds and ditches, Florida, and
northward. July.

4. M. scabratum, Michx. Stem short (6'- 12'); leaves 4- 5 in a whorl,
the divisions few and capillary, the floral ones linear, pectinately toothed ; fruit
strongly ridged and roughened. — Shallow ponds, South Carolina, and north-
ward. June and July.

Ordku 06. CACTACEiE. (Cactus Family.)

Succulent, shrubby, and commonly leafless and prickly plants, with
globular, or co!umnar and angular, or flattened and jointed stems, and
solitary sessile flowers. — Sepals and petals similar, imbricated in several
rows, and adherent to the 1-celled ovary. Stamens indefinite, with long
filaments, inserted on the base of the petals. Style single : stigmas nu-
merous. Fruit baccate. Seeds numerous, canipylotropous, borne on
several parietal placentae. Albumen scanty or none.

1. CEREUS, Haw.

Sepals and petals united into an elongated tube alxsvc the ovary. Stamens
inserted on the tube. Style filiform. Stigma many-lobcd. Seeds without al-
bumen. — Stems elongated, ribbed or angled ; the angles bearing tufts of spines
and showy flowers.

1. C, monoclonos, DC? Stem tall, columnar, G-8-angled, green;
angles ol)tus'j; sj)incs sliort, bro^vnisll. — Key West. — Stem 4"- 10° high.
Flowers C long, the inner petals lanceolate, acuminate, white ; the outer ones
linear, greenisli, and gradually diminishing into the scales of the tube. Stigmas
10 or more, filiform, exscrted. Stamens included. •

2. C. triangularis, Ilaw. ? Stem elongated, jointed, .3-sided, rooting nt
the joints ; flowers greenisli externally, white within, very large ; fruit large,
naked. — Key AVest. — Stem climbing over bushes. Joints 1° long.

2. OPUITTIA, Tourn. ruiCKLY Fear.

Sepals and petals not imited into a tube. Stamens inserted into the base of
the petals. Style cylindrical. Stigma 3-8-lobed. Seeds with thin albumen.
— Stems with flat or rarely cylindrical joints. Leaves flesliy, with Infts of bristly
hairs and commonly strong spines in their axils, deciduous. Flowers large,
yellow.

1. O. FiCUS-IndicUS, Haw. Stem erect, sjjrcading ; joiiUs oval and
obovatc; leaves subulate, bristly in the axils, witliout Pj>ines ; fruit bristly, ob-
ovatc, red within, edible. — South Florida. May. — Joints 1° long.

2. O. vulgaris, Jlill. Stem i)r()strate; joints ot)ovafe, pal(> ; s[)iiies few
and short; fruit nearly sinooili. — Dry sandy soil, I'loriila ami northward, near
the coast. June and July.

GnossuLACE^. (currant family.) 145

3. O. pOlyantha, Haw. Stemcrcct; joints oblong; spines yellow, stronjj;,
unequal ; flowcre numerous around the summit of the joints ; stigmas 6. —
Key West, and waste places around Apalachicola, Florida. June.

4. O. Pes-Corvi, IjCconte. Stems prostrate, diffuse ; joints small (l'-3'),
cylindrical or somewhat flattened, easily separable, spiny ; spines by pairs, un-
equal, elongated; sepals and petals 8-12, cuneate; stigmas 4; fruit small,
fleshy, bristly, 1 - 2-sccded. — Barren sandy places along the coast, Florida and
Georgia. May. — Stems 1°- 2° long.

Order 57. GROSSULACE.T]. (Currant Family.)

Spiny or unarmed shrubs, with alternate pahnatcly veined and lobed
leaves, •without stipules, and with axillary racemose or clustered flowers. —
Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary, the limb 5-lobed. Petals 5, small. Sta-
mens 5. Ovary 1 -celled, with 2 parietal placenta?. Styles more or less
united. Fruit a 1-celled, many-seeded berry. Seeds auatropous, with the
minute embryo at the base of hard albimien.

1. RIBES, L. Currant. Gooseberry.
Character same as the order.

* Stems spin)/ and commonJij bristly : peduncles 1 -S-Jloiveivd.

1. R. Cynosbati, L. Leaves on slender petioles, slightly cordate, round-
ish, 3 - 5-lobed, pubescent ; peduncles 2 - 3-flowered ; stamens and single style
not longer than tiie broad and short calyx-tube ; petals obovatc ; berry mostly
prickly. — Mountains of North Carolina, and northward. July. — Stem smooth
or bristly. Leaves 1'- 2' in diameter.

2. R. rotundifolium, Michx. Leaves small, smoothish, roundish, 3-5-
lobed, often acute at the base, on slender petioles ; peduncles 1 - 2-(lowcrcd ;
stamens and 2-parted style longer than the narrow-cylindrical calyx-tul)C ; petals
spatulatc ; berry small, smooth. — Mountains of North Carolina, and northward.
— Shrub 3° -4° high, often unarmed. Leaves ^' - 1' in diameter.

3. R. gracile, Michx. Axillary spine very short ; leaves on slender peti-
oles, pubescent on both sides, the lobes acute, incised, and acutely toothed ;
peduncles long, capillary, erect, 1 - 2-flowercd ; calyx smooth, tubulur-campanu-
late. — Mountains of Tennessee.

* * Stems without spines or bristles : racemes many-flowered.

4. R. prostratum, L'Herit. Leaves long-petioled, deeply cordate, with
about 5 spreading incised and serrate lobes, smooth ; racemes erect ; style 2-
cleft ; berry glandular-bristly. — Mountains of North Carolina, and northward.
May and June. — Stems reclining. Racemes 3' - 5' long. Leaves 2' - 3' in
diameter. "*

5. R. resinosum, Pursh. Plant clothed in every part with resinous glan-
dular hairs; leaves roundish, 3 -5-lobed; racemes erect; bracts linear, longer

13

146 TURNER ACE^. (XURNERA FAMILY.)

than the pedicels ; calpc flattish ; petals obtusely rhomboidal ; fruit hirsute.
Mountains of North Carolina. April and May. ( • )

Order 58. LOASACEiE. (Loasa Family.)

Herbs, commonly armed with bristly barbed and stinging hairs. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate. Flowers solitary or clustered. — Calyx-tube ad-
herent to the 1-celled ovary, the limb 5-parted and persistent. Petals 5
or 10, inserted on the throat of the calyx. Stamens mostly indefinite, in
several parcels, inserted with the petals. Styles united. Capsule irregu-
larly dehiscent. Seeds few or many, borne on 3-5 parietal ijlacentae,
commonly with scanty albumen.

1. MENTZELIA, Plum.

Calyx-tube cylindrical or club-sliapcd. Petals convolute in the bud. Sta-
mens commonly 30 or more, the exterior ones often dilated and sterile. Styles
3, united to the middle. Capsule 3-valved at the summit, with 3 parietal pla-
centae. Cotyledons broad and flat. — Stems branching. Leaves toothed or
sinuatc-pinnatitid. Flowers yellow.

1. M. Floridana, Nutt. Leaves deltoid-ovate, toothed, truncate and 2-
lobed at the base ; stamens about 30 ; capsule 6-seeded. — South Florida. —
Stem 1° high. Flowers small, golden-yellow.

Order 59. TURNERACEiE. (Turxera Family.)

Herbs or shrubs, with alternate simple exstipulate leaves, and solitary
axillary flowers. — Calyx free from the 1-celled ovary, colored, 5-lobed,
deciduous. Petals 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx, convolute in
the bud. Stamens 5, inserted into the tube of the calyx below the sta-
mens. Styles 3, distinct, simple, 2-cleft or 2-parted. Stigmas 3 or 6,
many-parted. Placentaj 3, parietal. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved,
many-seeded. Seeds anatropous, arilled. Embryo in ileshy albumen. —
Flowers sessile, or on bracted or jointed }>e(licels.

1. PIRIQUETA, Aublet.

Calyx campannlatc. Styles 3, 2-ckft or deeply 2-pnrte(l. Stigmas G, many-
parted. Capsule oi)ening to the base into 3 valves. — Herbs with stellate pubes-
cence. Flowers on jointt^d pedicels, yellow.

1. P. fulva. Hirsute with fulvous hairs, and stcllate-tonicntose ; stem
simple or sparingly branched ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, mostly serrate or
toothed, ncariy sessile ; pedicels (at least the upper ones) longer than the leaves,

I'ASsIlVLOUACE.E. (tASSIOX-FLOWKU FAMILY.) 147

often bibractoolatc ; petals obovatc ; stj'lcs 2-partc(l. (Tumcra cistoidcs, EU.
P. villosa, Aith. ?) — Dry li;;lit soil, P'loriila to North Carolina. June and July.
y. — Stem 1° liiy-li. Leaves 2' -.3' lonj;, tlic lowest ones broader.

2. P. tomentosa, H- B. K. Stcllatc-tomcntosc throuj;liout ; .stem sim-
ple ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, acute or obtuse, obscurely crcnate, hoary be-
neath; pedicels shorter than the leaves. — South Florida. — Stem 1° hi;;li.
Leaves rather rigid, 1' long.

•3. P. glabra. Stem slender, branching, smooth ; leaves smooth, linear,
entiiT, the lioral ones small and braetliUe , pedicels several times longer than tlie
leaves, and, like the ealyx, stelhue-tomentose ; petals spatulate ; styles 2-eIeft.
(Turnera glabra, Z>C.?) — South Florida. — Stem \° -2° high. Leaves 2'
long. Flowers 1' iu diameter.

OuDKR GO. PASSIFLORACEiE. (Passion-Flower
Family.)

Climbing herbs or shrubs, •with alternate mostly stipulate leaves, and ax-
illary often showy ilowers. — Calyx of 4 - 5 more or less united sepals,
commonly bearing at the throat 4-5 petals, and a crown of slender fila-
ments in one or more rows. Stamens 4-5, monadelj)hous below and en-
closing the stipe of the ovary. Ovary 1-celIed, with 3-4 parietal plar
centae. Styles 3-4, clavate. Fruit fleshy or baecate. Seeds numerous,
anatropous, included in a pulpy sac. Embi-yo in the axis of fleshy albu-
men.

1. PASSIFLORA, L. Passiov-Flower. May-Pop.

Calyx-tube very sliort. Filaments of the crown in 2 or more rows. Fruit
baccate — Tendrils axillary. Peduncles jointed, 1-flowered.

1- P. incarnata, L. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, acute, serrate; petioles
biglandular , peduncles 3-bracted ; sepals with a horn-like point below the apex,
whitisli within ; filaments of the crown in about 5 rows, the two outer ones as
long as the sepals ; berry large, oval. — In open or cultivated ground, common.
June and July. Ij. — Fruit yellowish, as large as a hen's egg. Flowers purple
and white.

2. P. lutea, L. Leaves cordate, broadly .3-lohed at the summit, with the
lobes rounded and entire ; petioles glandlcss ; flowers small, greenish-yellow ;
j)eduncles by pairs, bractless ; filaments of the crowm in 3 rows, shorter than the
.se])als. — Woods and thickets, Florida to Mi.ssissippi, and northward. June and
July. H. — Fruit oval, purple, ^' in diameter.

3. P. SUberosa, L. Leaves smooth, slightly fringed on the margins, 5-
nerved at the base, divided above the middle into 3 ovate entire acute lobes, the
middle lobe largest ; petioles short, biglandular above the middle ; peduncles
commonly by pairs ; flowers greenish , petals none ; filaments of the crown
shorter than the sepals, purple at the base ; fruit purple. — South Florida.

148 CUCURBITACK^. (uULliU FAMILY.)

4. P. angustifolia, Swartz. Lower leaves mostly 3-lobe(l, with the lobes
lanccohite, obtuse, ami eiitii-c ; upper leaves simple, lanceolate, and acute ; peti-
oles sliort, biglamlular ; flowers small, solitary or by jjairs, tiie ))ciluncles short
and bractless ; petals none — South Florida. — Stem l°-2° long. Leaves
sometimes entire. Flowers 4" - 6" wide, yellowish. Berry ])urple, as large ius
a pea. Filaments of the crown in 2 rows. Stamens occasionally 4. Stipules
subulate.

5. P. Warei, Nutt. Leaves on short bi^'landular jtctiolcs ; the lower ones
3-lobed, acute ; the ujjper ovate or oblong, undivided ; stipules subulate ; pedun-
cles commonly by pairs, about the length of the petioles ; flowers very small ;
segments of the crown few, filiform, shorter than the calyx. — South Florida. —
Probably identical with T. pallida of the West Indies.

Order G1. CUCURBITACEiE. (Gocrd Family.)

Herbs, with succulent stems, climbinji by means of lateral tendrils.
Leaves alternate, palmately veined or lobed. Flowers axillary, monoe-
cious or dioecious. — Calyx .'3-toothed, adnate to the ovary. Corolla of 5
distinct, or more or less united petals, coherent -with the calyx. Stamens
3-5, free or variously united. Anthers long, straight or tortuous, com-
monly connate. Ovary 1 - 3-celled. Stigmas 3. Fruit (pepo) lleshy or
pul[)y, 1 - 3-celled. Seeds compressed, anatropous, ■without albumen.
Cotyledons leafy.

Synopsis.

1. BHYONTA. Petals 5, distinct, or united at the base. Ovary 3-ceIled. Fruit 3 seeded,

smooth.

2. MKLOTIIRIA. rofals 5, united into a campanulate corolla. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit

niany-soedod. smootli.

3. SICYOS. Petal.s 5, united at the base into a rotate corolla. Ovary 1-cellcd. Fruit 1-

Eccdcd, hispid.

1. BRYONIA, L.

Flowers mona>cious or dioecious. Calyx 5-toothcd. Petals 5, distinct, or
united at the base. Stamens 5, triadelijhous ■. anthers tortuous. Style mostly
.'{-cleft Fruit ovate or globose, smooth, few-.seedcd.

1. B. Boykinii, Torr. & Gray. Ilough-i)ubescent ; leaves broadly cor-
date, .3 - .'i-lolud ; tin; lateral lobes entire or toothed, the middle one cuspidate ;
sterile and fertile flowers intermixed, 3 - .'j in a cluster, short-pc<licellcd ; styles
united ; fruit 3-secded ; the seeds 3-toothed at the base.— IJiver-banks. Georgia,
and westward. June and July. — Stems elongated. Flowei-s greenisliwhitc.
Berry crimson.

, 2. MELOTHRIA, L.

Flowers polvgamoiis or monfrcious. Calyx of the fertile flower narrowed
ul>ove the ovarv ; the sterile ones campanulate. Petals 5, united into a canipanu-

surianaci:j>. (.suuian\ iamily.) 1-19

late corolla. Stamens 5, tr'mdclplious : anthers tortuous, connate, at length sep-
arate Stylo single, with a cup-shaped disk surrounding its base. Stigmas 3.
Fruit oval, smooth, many-seeded.

1. M. pendula, L. Stem filiform, smooth ; leaves rougli, cordate, with
3-.^ anguhir-toothed lobes ; sterile flowers in small racemes ; the fertile solitary,
on long peduncles ; fruit oval, blackish, drooping. — Light soil, Florida to North
Carolina, and westward. May -August. — Flowers small, yellow.

3. SICYOS, L.

Flowers monoecions. Calyx flattish, with .5 subulate or minute teeth. Petals
5, united below into a rotate corolla. Stamens .5, monadelphous or triadclphous.
Ovary 1-cclIcd, 1-ovulcd. Style slender. Stigmas .'?. Fnut mcmbraiinceous,
bristly, 1-secdcd. — Annual herbs. Sterile and fertile (lowers mostly from the
same axil.

1 . S. angulatus, L. Plant hairy and clammy ; leaves thin, cordate, with
3-5 acuminate dciiticnliito lobes ; sterile flowers racemose ; the fertile ones in
pedundcd clusters, wliiiish. — Kiver-banks, Florida, and northward. June -

AuETUSt.

Okder G2. SURIANACEiE. (Sckiana Family.)

A downy shrub, with alternate crowdtMl exstipulate leaves, and perfect
yellow flowers, in small axillary bracted racemes. — Calyx 5-parted, per-
sistent ; the base fdled with a fleshy torus, which bears the ovaries, petals,
and stamens. Petals 5, oblong-obovate. Stamens 10, hairy, the alternate
ones short and sterile. Ovaries 5, distinct, with 2 erect collateral ortho-
tropous ovules in each. Styles 5, each arising from the central angle of
the ovary near the base, thickened upwards. Carpels 1-seeded, indehis-
cent. Seeds without albumen. Embryo hooked.

1. SURIANA, Plum.
Character .«ame as the order.

1 . S. maintima, L. — Sea-shore, South Florida. — Shrub i° - G° high.
Leaves lincar-spaiulate, fleshy, imbricated near the summit of the branches.
Racemes shorter than the leaves

Order G3. CRASSULACEiE. (Orpine Family.)

Succulent herbs, with exstipulate leaves, and regular perfect and mostly

cymose flowers. Sepals 3 - 20, more or less united at the base, persistent.

Petals as many as the sepals, inserted on the base of the calyx, imbricated

in the bud, rarely wanting. Stamens as many, or twice as many, inserted

13*

150 CRASSULACE.r,. (onriNK FAMILY.)

with the petals. Ovaries as many as the sepals, separate or united below.
Carpels several-seeded, opening along the inner suture. Seeds anatrojx)us.
Embryo straight, in thin albumen.

Synopsis.

1. SEDUM. Cnrpels distinct. ?(<pals4-5. Stamens 8 or 10.

2 DIAMOUrilA. Carppls ui:iti>(I at tlie ba>e. Sepals 4- Stamens 8.

3 rEXTUOilUM. Carpels united above the middle. Sepals 5. Stamens 10-

1. SEDUM, L. OnnxE. Stonk-crop.

Sepals 4 -.5. Stamens 8 or 10. Carpels distinct, many-seeded, with an en-
tire scale at the base of each. — Herbs smooth and ilc shy.

1. S. telephioides, INIichx. Stem stout, erect or asccndinf^, very leafy
throughout ; leaves ahcniate, oldong-obovatc, toothed or entire ; the lower ones
mostly tapering into a petiole, the upper sessile ; cymes coin]iact, erect, many-
flowered ; petals flesh-color, ovate-lanceolate, acuiniTiatc ; stamens 10; carpels
acuminate, pointed with the slender style. — Dry rocks, along tlic mountains,
Georgia, and northward. June. — Stem 7'- 12' high. Leaves I'-li'long.

2. S. ternatum, ^lichx. Stems low (3' -8'), brandling at the base, ascend-
ing ; lowest leaves crowded, spatulate or obovate, 3 in a wiiorl ; the upper ones
scattered, oval or lanceolate ; cyme composed of 3 recun-ed branches ; stamens
8, those of the central flowers 10. — ^lountain-rocks, Georgia, Tennessee, and
northward. May and June. y. — Flowers white.

3. S. pulchellum, IMichx. Stems ascending (4' -12' long) ; leaves very
numerous, alternate, linear, obtuse ; cyme composed of several reeur\ed or
spreading branches ; flowers pale purple; sepals much shorter than the ])etals;
stamens 8, tliose of the central flowers mastly 10 ; carpels tapering into the long
and slender style. — With the preceding. May and June.

4. S. Nevii, Gray. Stems low (3' -5'), ascending; leaves alternate, scat-
tered, linear-clavate, obtuse ; flowers sessile, scattered along tlie widely spread-
ing or recur\'ed branches of the simple cyme ; bracts linear, longer than the
flowers ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acutish, as long as tlic lanceolate wliite petals ;
stamens 8, shorter tlian the petals ; antiiers purplish-brown ; carpels tapering
into the short subulate style — Eocky cliffs at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, I\ev. R.
D. Nevius. April and May.

2. DIAMORPHA, Nutt.

Sepals 4, very sliort. I'ltals 4, oval, concave. Stamens 8. Carpels 4, tmitcd
below tlic middle, at length si)rcading, 4-8-seedcd. — A small (\'-4') succu-
lent biennial herb, braiidiiiig from the base. Leaves terete, fleshy. Flowers
while.

1. D. pusilla, Nutt. — On flat rocks in the upi)er districts, Alabama to
North Carolina. March and April.

SAXIFIJAOACr.i:. (SAXIFUAGE FAMILY.) 151

3. PENTHORUM, Gronov.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, often wanting. Stamens 10. Carpels 5, united into a
5-cellccl capsule, spreading at the summit, which falls away at maturity. Seeds
numerous. — Perennial (not fleshy) herbs, with alternate serrate leaves, and
yellowish flowers on one side of the rcvolutc branches of the simple cyme.

1- P. sedoides, L. Stem erect, l°-2° high; leaves lanceolate; petals
commonly nunc. — Ditches and muddy places, common. July- Sept.

Ordkr G4. SAXIFRAGACEiE. (Saxifrage Family.)

Calyx of 4 - 5 more or less united sepals, free, or more or less adherent
to the ovary, persistent. Petals as many as the sepals, rarely wanting.
Stamens as many, or 2 - 4 times as many, inserted with the petals on the
calyx. Ovaries 2 or sometimes 3-4, commonly united below, and sepa-
rate at the summit. Seeds few - many. Embryo straight, iu the axis of

fleshy albumen.

Synopsis.

Suborder I. SAXIFRAGE^E. Herbs. Petals imbricated in the
bud. Stipules adnate to the petiole, or none.

• Stamens as many as the sepals.

1. LEPUROPETALOX. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled. beakless.

2. IIEUCIIEIIA. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled. 2-beaked.

3. BOYKIXIA.. Styles 2. Capsule 2-celled, 2-beaked.

» « Stamens twice as many as the sepals.
— Capsule 2-celled.

4. SAXIFRAG.\.. Flowers perfect. Stamens 10. Leaves entire or lobed.

5- ASTILBE. Flowers polygamous. Stamens 10. Leaves ternately compound.
.»- ■*- Capsule 1 celled.

6. TIARELLA. Stamens 10. Petals 5 entire.

7. MITELLA. Stamens 10 Petals 5 pinnatifid.

8. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Stamens 8 - 10. Petals none.

Suborder IT. ESCALLONIE^F. Shrubs. Petals valvate in the
bud. Stipules none. Leaves alternate.

9. ITEA. Stamens and petals 5- Flowers in a dense raceme.

Suborder III. IIYDRAXGIE.E. Shrubs. Petals valvate or con-
volute in the bud. Leaves opposite. Stipules none.

10. HYDRANGEA. Petals valvate. Stamens 8 - 10. Styles distinct.

11. DECU.M.\KI.\. Petals valvate. Stamens 20 or more Styles united

12. PIIILADELPUUS. Petals convolute. Stamens 20 or more. Styles 4. Capsule 4-valved-

1. LEPUROPETALON, Ell.

Calyx-tube turbinate, cohering with the lower portion of the ovary, 5-parted.
Petals 5, minute, spatulate. Stamens 5, very short. Styles 3. Capsule globu-

1.j2 SAXIFRAGACEiE. (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.)

lar, l-oclled, with 3 parietal placenta;, many-seeded, loculieidally 3-vnlved at the
apex. — A very small (i' liit;U) tufted annual herb, with alternate spatulatc
leaves, and solitary terminal white flowers.

1. L. spathulatum, Ell. — Close damp soil, Georgia (near Savannah)
and South Carolina. March and April.

2. HEUCHERA, L. Alum-root.

Calyx campanulate, coherent with the base of the ovary, 5-cIeft. Petals 5,
spatulatc. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Capsule 1 -celled, witli 2 parietal placenta;,
many-seeded, 2-beaked, opening between the beaks. Seeds rough or hisi)id. —
Perennial herbs, with erect scape-like stems. Leaves chiefly radical, long-pcti-
oled. roundish cordate, lobed or toothed. Stipules adnate to the petioles. Flow-

(ivs cymose-panicled.

* Ctili/x eqital-suled.

1. H. Americana, L. Rough-pubescent; scape leafless ; leaves crcnately
or acutely 7 - 9-lobcd and toothed, the teeth mucronate ; panicles long, narrow,
loosely-flowered ; calyx as long as tlie white spatulatc petals, much shorter than
the stamens and very slender styles. — Shady ,rocky places in the middle and